...EDU 145 Child Development 2 Time Sampling Introduction: Observation is the key to understanding young children and their development. Teachers learn about a child’s physical, social, emotional, cognitive and language domains as they watch children in multiple learning experiences. Through your observations you will learn to identify appropriate observation techniques (competency # 4). Observation also allows you to meet the CPCC core competencies of communication, critical thinking and information technology and quantitative literacy. Outcome Assessment Standards: NAEYC Standards Standard 1: Promoting Child Development Standard 3: Observing, Documenting and Assessing to Support Young Children & Families. Support Skill 3: Written & Verbal Skills CPCC Core Competencies Communication, Critical Thinking, Information Technology & Quantitative Literacy Description of Specific Assignment Requirements Adapted from Observing Development of Young Children (Beaty, 1990)) In the time sampling method, the observer records the frequency of a behavior’s occurrence over time. The behavior must be overt and frequent (at least once every fifteen minutes) to be a candidate for sampling. For example, talking, hitting, and crying are such behaviors, because they can be clearly seen and counted. Time sampling thus involves observing specified behavior of an individual and recording the presence or absence of this behavior...
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...Discussion 1: Future Leader Experiences Experiences play an important role in how future leaders will run the organization. Give three examples of how effective competencies, relationships, and learning capabilities can be measured as factors in future leadership development. The importance of business leadership is well articulated with the observation, a good leader can make a success of a weak business plan, but a poor leader can ruin even the best plan. That’s why developing effective leadership using a consistent talent management program at all levels across the organization can return significant business value. To identify, attract, fill, and retain corporate leadership talent, companies need leadership development programs focused on hiring strategies, employee development, and career and succession planning. Successful organizations need both leaders and managers, but there are fundamental differences between a manager and a leader. While leaders influence, inspire, and drive people to a common goal, the role of a manager is to keep the day to day operations of an organization running smoothly. Employee development must reflect these differences and provide development of both sets of skills. Major talent management functions all play a part in a comprehensive leadership development program, and can be well supported by a unified talent management technology platform, specifically: Recruitment to source leadership talent Assessments to evaluate leadership...
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...Assessment April 24, 2011 Assignment: Clinical Assessment Pre-consultation is the first initial contact with the potential clients, the documents of Clara’s medical history must be submitted for review, along with a documentation from her teachers at the pre-school pertaining to their observations with Clara. At this point any other documentation obtained prior to the adoption that may give further insight to evaluating Clara. In meeting with Clara and her adoptive parents the issue of Clara’s age and environment is the beginning process in evaluating the issues surrounding Clara. I recognize that questioning a four- year old child could appear to be very intimidating and frightening; therefore, the interview will be addressed in several phases to avoid overwhelming Clara. The first phase will initiate Clara be taken to a playroom, and observed by my associate and recorded while playing with dolls. This will give insight into whether Clara demonstrates anger, or touches the dolls in inappropriate places suggestion perhaps sexual...
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...of different types of observational studies including naturalistic and controlled observations, non-participant and participant observations, structured and unstructured observations. Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive, or would unduly affect the subject's behavior. Naturalistic observation differs from structured observation in that it involves looking at a behavior as it occurs in its natural setting with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher. A non-participant observation is a type of observational study whereby the researcher does not join in with the activity being observed. Controlled observation is a type of observational study where the conditions are contrived by the researcher. This type of observation may be carried out in a laboratory type situation and because variables are manipulated is said to be high in control. The Dement and Kleitman study is an example of controlled observation. The weakness of the method is that it will be low in ecological validity compared to naturalistic observation. If participants are aware they are being studied they behave differently. A participant observation is a type of observational study where the observer is also a participant in...
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...In this practicum experience I visited the classrooms of both a veteran teacher and a novice teacher. During the classroom observation, an observation form was checked off that examined the planning and preparing of the lesson, the classroom environment, and the delivery of the instruction to the students. After the observation, focus on the differences in their instructional behaviors, quality of their instructional practices, and how they executed teaching techniques to accommodate the diversity within their classroom. First teacher observed was Mr. Wright; he is a second year health and physical education within the school district. The following checklist will give you a look into Mr. Wright’s health class. CAMELOT SCHOOLS CLASSROOM OBSERVATION School: Camden City Accelerated Date: January 30, 2014 Teacher/Class: Mr. Wright; Health Observed Time: 12:40 – 1:10 Domain I – Planning and Preparation Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Demonstrates knowledge of core curriculum and student development X Lesson plans current and available X Uses materials, resources and technology to make subject matter accessible to all students X Teachers plan for student assessment is fully aligned with the instructional outcomes X Domain II – Environment Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Creates an environment...
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...Research Methods Jessica February 2012 What is the difference between direct and indirect observational methods of research? Direct observation is when researchers observe the behavior while it is occurring. Indirect (unobtrusive) observation is when researchers examine physical traces and archival records. (Zechmeister, Zechmeister, & Shaughnessy 2001) Direct observation of behavior can be seen in simply psychology: question and answer, as well as simple observation of a person’s daily activities. The researcher can choose to change the atmosphere, or change the study to intervene and observe the changes, while indirect observations main goal is to be unseen and non-influential on the behavior that is being observed as to take down all natural information. My friend attempted to use direct observation in this study. He went out and observed people’s behavior while intervening with his own behavior in hopes to prove his hypothesis. There is so much wrong with his way of thinking in this study. The first problem is his observational bias as he is not only observing others and the conversation but also himself. There is no scientific way to observe yourself without having some bias in opinion. Beyond that, he uses behavioral sampling, and cannot come to a precise conclusion based soley on his words and the reactions of the people he is in conversation with. There are many factors to consider. Where are the people coming from, where are they going? Are they having a good...
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...assist the teacher to learn from his or her experience and progress in expertise, as well as to ensure good service to the student. It is not only an observation but also an existence. The author points out that most teachers have a negative view of supervision and the relationship between the teacher and supervisor can be hostile and only provides summative evaluation. To counteract the situation, the clinical supervision model was introduced to propose that teachers can be familiar with the evaluate approach of clinical supervision. Under this model, the following supervisory requirements for successful implementation of clinical supervision are identified: teachers should learn specific intellectual and behavioral skills to improve instruction. Supervisors should take responsibility for helping teachers to develop skills for analyzing the instructional process and emphasize what and how teachers teach, to improve instruction not to change the teacher’s personality. Planning and analysis should center on making and testing instructional hypotheses based on observational evidence. The planning conference is to establish a common frame of reference for the planning observation, also establish rapport between the teacher and those supervising. The lesson plans should be implemented during the observation and discussed. Observation: the purpose is to improve an objective record to mirror what the teacher actually said and did during the instructional process. The role of the supervisor...
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...following review will discuss the behavior approach. The behavior approach is the idea of looking further into what the manager performs daily. “The behavior approach began in the early 1950s after many researchers became discouraged with the trait approach and began to pay close attention to what mangers actually do on the job” (Yukl, 2010). Within the behavior approach there are two categories of information that is analyzed. Researchers are identifying how managers utilize his or her time, daily activities, responsibilities, and expected functions of the manager. Researches are also investigating how managers deal with on-the-job demands and time constraints. To conduct the research, researchers relied on data collected by direct observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The other category of information being studied is identifying how the manager is an effective leader. Researchers relied on a survey field study that included a questionnaire. Behavior approach has strengths and weaknesses to its approach. The main strength of the behavior approach is the approach is to focus solely on behavior that has been observed. The behavior approach has proven to be an effective experiment which the data can be observed and manipulated. This approach concentrates on the current state of the research subject and their actions. The...
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...Observation Journal YOUR NAME: Kimber Van Zile Age and gender observed: Male age 11 Description of situation where observations were made: I observed this male in a classroom environment at the school that I currently work at. This child was observed in a familiar and comfortable setting. I was also able to observe him on the playground with his classmates and other students at recess. Development theory or theories you are following with this observation: With this 11 year old male I am going to use the developmental theories of Vygotsky's Social Development Theory. I feel that this childs social development is a lot different than the other classmates that he is around. I feel that is social development is lacking in many areas which in the end results to frustration not only by himself but by his teacher and the other students that are around this child daily. Physical Development observed: The students physical development according to charts comparable to the doctors office seems to be on average. His physical form is not any different from the peers in his class or other classes in his same grade. He is about average weight and height than all the other males that are currently around him while at school. Cognitive/language Development observed: Piaget and Vygotsky both agree that active learners and social interaction are important for development, but they differ in their reasons why. Piaget focuses on the manipulation of objects and ideas...
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...other and work together to accomplish important task and assist them to understand there connections. Organizational psychologists work with different types of people from middle executive to those of lower rank and management teams. Some workplaces want the employees to be as creative as possible. All in all, this means making sure everyone is communicating with each other and ensuring their bodies and minds are doing the same. Organizational psychology also focuses on individual behavior. Although it is focused on groups, individual behavior has become common in the setting to obtain information about the individual’s influences. Unlike groups and organizations, people behave. You derive a person’s sense of humor, taste and other behavioral elements from them, not the group or organization they are affiliated with. The focus on how individual’s influence and are influenced explain organizational processes that are not like social science disciplines, which do not closely rely on individual behavior. In saying this, many have confused organizational psychology with organizational behavior. While organizational behavior places focus on the organization itself, organizational psychology focuses on intervention with an organization’s key objectives. Explain the role of research and statistics in organizational psychology The role of research...
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...marketplace and understand why consumer made this purchase decision. The following is the research approaches that can use by Amway to adopt in searching ideas for innovation of firm’s products or services. Observational research Observational research helps marketers gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between people and product by watching the consumer buying and using the products. By observing the customers, company can get information by identify consumer subconscious felling and underlying motivations. For example, Amway can assign some employees in the store to act as a customer and stand close with the customer to observe the customer’s facial expression and listen the conversation between the customers. Through the observation, Amway understand that the current customers prefer to have 3 in 1 shampoo rather than 2 in 1 shampoo which is only shampoo with conditioner. Thus, Amway can produce 3 in 1 shampoos which include shampoo, conditioner and treatment for customer. Focus group research A focus group is a group of people, normally 8 to 10 member, who are carefully selected based on a similar characteristics and brought together to discuss a same topic. For example, Amway can select a number of people which are currently using Amway to discuss the product and services. Amway can give some questions to the respondents and encourage the respondents to discuss based on customer opinions. Perhaps Amway want to know about the oral care products. Through the discussion...
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...Organization Culture: Dicks Sporting Good Logistics: The store I chose to observe was Dicks sporting goods, which is located in the Cordova Mall at the intersection of Airport Boulevard and North 9th Avenue, Pensacola, FL. It is located directly across from both Pensacola State College and Sacred Heart Hospital, each a very busy campus. It is also right by the airport, which attracts lots of attention and traffic flow. These roads are extremely busy during almost all hours of the day, so the likelihood of stores’ hosting shoppers in indirectly increased. Dicks Sporting Goods is in a great location and is surrounded by many stores and restaurants, ultimately giving customers perceived convenience. My observation was done on November 12th at 6pm with my father. Overview of the Organization: Stores that deliver finished products to the public classify the retail industry. In 1927, there was an unjust tax on sporting goods of 10 percent tax on every retail stores of sporting goods. This tax led sporting good dealers to create The National Sporting Goods Association (NSGA), which fought to repeal the tax, and supports its members by allowing them to be profitable. Hard goods are just one of many categories that retail entails. Hard goods include those products that are sold in sporting goods stores. Much of society today now prefers one-stop shopping with retail stores emerging on every corner that provide all types of products from groceries to clothing. Dick’s Sporting...
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...Case Study #6 – The Social Agency– “Managing Performance Through Training and Development” – Page 354 Questions: 1. What information should be collected and from whom should it be collected? The information that is collected is information based on knowledge, attitude and behavior. The evaluation should be done to see if the trainee’s knowledge has increased due to the training, or if the information provided to them during the training has helped them expand on the knowledge that they already have. In the case of the social agency, the evaluation should look at if the managers were able to learn the key methods of encouraging and supporting the employees. The trainee’s attitude towards the training process and the intended outcome of the training should also be part of the information collected. The evaluation should take into consideration the attitudes of the managers in regards to encouraging employees and if they are able to come up with new ways of encouraging the employees. Finally the behavior of the managers should also be looked at. The evaluation process should look at if the managers are actively participating and implementing what they have learnt in the training to help employees transfer their new skills. Asking the employees to evaluate management support and encouragement is a good way of collecting this information. The managers should be given a self-evaluation as well so that they can compare and identify areas that they may need improvements...
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...group of monkeys adopted her and raised her up. She in turn followed them and copied not only what they ate and drank but their social activities and language. She also learned to catch birds and rabbits with her bare hands. After 5 years, she returned to the so-called civilization. She was being beaten and groomed to be a prostitute. She escaped and earned a living by picking pockets and led a gang for a number of years. The story mentioned is closely associated with one contemporary perspective, behavioral model. Behavioral model focuses on observable behavior and stimulus-response relationships. The importance of environmental forces(i.e. reward and punishment) in shaping behavior is emphasized in the approach. We can observe that Marina’s living style had changed to Tarzan style. It is the survival matter (stimulus) that forces Chapman to change her behavior(response). Her changes are resulting from observational learning which is the learning of new behaviors through observation and imitation of a model. There are 4 steps of learning the new set of survival skills. Attention Memory/retention Imitation/reproduction Motivation Firstly, she observed and paid attention to the monkeys’ behaviors, such as how to catch birds and how they communicated when she was staying with them. The little Marina discovered that the ways they caught animal is effective and useful and specific sounds conveyed specific meanings. Then, she stored the news skills and knowledge in her memory...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix B Research Methods Matrix A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses. Using the table below list each research method and its advantages and disadvantages for use in this study. |Research Method |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Naturalistic Observation – the study of a |Behavior is in a natural setting of the |Observer has limited or no control over | |subject in a natural setting. |subject, without the influence of a |setting. This decreases a chance at | | |controlled setting such as a lab or doctor’s |observing reactions to certain stimuli | | |office. Subject tends to be more relaxed |that may or may not happen. | | |and/or comfortable, reducing the effects of |All aspects of behavior may be overlooked | | |external disturbances. |due to observer bias; a condition in which| | | ...
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