...The Physical and Psychological Impact of Breastfeeding on Mothers and Infants Although breastfeeding is older than civilization itself, it is very much a delicate topic in this country. We often hear magazines, news anchors, medical professionals, and all kinds of people comment on how much better breastfeeding is for an infant’s immune system, but these same people turn around and run breastfeeding through the gauntlet of public opinion and societal norms. It is common for mothers who bottle feed to be shamed while mothers who breastfeed are shamed for when and how they choose to do it (Jansen and de Worth, 2008). Such a normal, necessary thing, but our society is still fiercely debating about appropriateness of public breastfeeding, the superiority of it compared to bottle feeding and the tangible, provable impacts of it on child development. The way our society views breastfeeding is directly reflective of the psychology of America and often factors into whether a woman decides to breastfeed. Unfortunately, this psychology also results in ignorance about the true, full scope of breastfeeding benefits and how those benefits extend beyond just improved immune systems for the infants and accelerated loss of baby weight for the moms. Breastfeeding has a broad impact on the physical and mental/emotional development of both babies and nursing mothers. The impact of breastfeeding on physical development covers a wide range of effects, with the ...
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...Inadequate Self-Efficacy, Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding in Primiparous Mothers Erika Warren Grand Canyon University: NRS 441V Professional Research Project August 12, 2012 Inadequate Self-Efficacy, Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding in Primiparous Mothers When addressing the topic of breastfeeding there is one thing that is indubitable, that breast milk is the best option for feeding a newborn. The numerous benefits of breastfeeding have been studied and documented and the practice of breastfeeding has been embraced and is recommended by nearly all health organizations world-wide as the feeding method of choice. Breast milk provides nutrients and illness combating antibodies as well as being easier to digest. Some research has shown breast milk to have far reaching benefits such as reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), childhood leukemia, atopic dermatitis, and Type 1 diabetes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health, 2011). Yet despite the evidence, the number of women who exclusively breastfeed for at least 6 months, primiparous mothers in particular falls short of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendation (American Association of Family Physicians News Staff, 2010). There are many factors that contribute to the lack of breastfeeding initiation or premature discontinuation, one of which is lack of information or support for the mother during the immediate post-partum period. There needs...
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...decision is whether a mother will breastfeed or formula feed her baby. Breastfeeding should be the only option in feeding a baby unless there is a medical reason for why a mother cannot. When deciding on how she will feed her baby, a mother should know why formula is used rather than breast milk. She should know why breast milk is so much healthier, and she should be aware that there are several solutions that can solve any issues that may come up with breastfeeding. Women should know why formula is used rather than Formula Comfort and Lifestyle A woman should know why so many women never even consider breast milk as being an option for feeding their child. Many mothers choose formula over breast milk for reasons that have nothing to do with their baby. According to Kids Health from Nemours (1995-2014), their article Breast or Bottle, states “for many women their decision to breastfeed or formula feed is based on their comfort level, lifestyle and specific medical considerations that they might have. Many women do not breastfeed due to their comfort level and what people may think of them.”(para. Three sentence 2). Most women decide that they do not want to breastfeed because out in public people may find it inappropriate and say rude things to them, or their family and friends may make an enormous ordeal about it. The general says that breastfeeding should be discreet and hidden, but supporters say that it is natural, and it should be allowed anywhere. A mother should not have to...
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...make to that question is one of the first and probably the most significant decisions you will make as a new parent. Breastfeeding takes some time to learn for both you and your infant but is definitely worth the effort and time. Your choice to breast feed your newborn infant will affect his or her whole life, from birth throughout his or her adult life. There is no question that a mother truly wants the best for her children from the time they learn they are expecting their new bundle of joy. Breast milk has the perfect combination of proteins, fats, vitamins, and carbohydrates your infant needs. Breast milk is far more than good food. It is a living fluid that protects your infant from disease and actively contributes to the development of your infant. As mentioned by Arsenault (2011) breast milk not only provides the nutrition your infant needs but it also provides protection by supplying your infant his or her first antibodies and immunities. Breast milk aids in protecting infants against infection and disease. According to the La Leche League International (LLL) (2004) Infant mortality rates are higher among artificially fed infants, even in places where everyone has access to safe water and good medical care. Morbidity rates- how often babies get sick- are also higher among artificially fed infants in both the developed and the developing world. Breastfeeding is critical to infant survival and developing countries, and it plays a significant role in keeping babies health...
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...Qualitative Exploration: Barrier to Breast- Feeding in Obese Women Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V May 1, 2016 Introduction American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. (2005) “Breastfeeding to baby is great accomplishment to protects the health of babies and their mothers. With support from their families and communities, as well as from nurses, mothers are more likely to be able to breastfeed their babies”. Making decision whether or not to breast feed or formula feed is personal. According to leading health organizations, “the most babies should have only breast milk for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months”. Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, strongly recommend breastfeeding to infants. Jarvis (2012) recommended breastfeeding for full term infants for the 1st year of life because breast milk is ideally formulated to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity. According to Hauff and Demerath (2012), “The obese women are less likely to initiate and more likely to stop earlier breastfeeding”. Background of Study: The study team members highlighted mix decision making barrier on breastfeeding. Mainly, privacy, birth complications, and not enough support from breast-feeding specialist are barriers to breastfeed to their babies. The study team also found that all women had wished for breast...
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...QRT2 Task 1 Western Governor's University E-Business June 24, 2012 QRT2 Task 1 A1. Viability of Product or Service: The service I wish to develop is an online resource that promotes and offers support to breastfeeding mothers; before, during and after her breastfeeding experience. This service will be directed to the targeted market of breastfeeding mothers, their supporters, and will raise awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding with an end goal of increasing the need for breastfeeding support services while creating return customers. Resources available on-line would be the capability to ask International Board Certified Lactation Consultants ( IBCLC) questions through an on-line blog format, as well as breast care best practices. Products will be available such as breast pumps and supplies with the capability of pre-ordering supplies to be delivered to the new mother during her hospital stay. The need to expand comes from a lack of web presence currently within Self Regional Healthcare, there is a “store-front” within the Women’s Center with very little traffic and customer feedback suggests that an on-line site would be beneficial. A2. Current Online Competitors: My online review of competitors revealed companies that were either segmented to target only products such as big Chains like Wal-Mart and Amazon.com who promise the convenience of a fast home delivery and for the most part easy returns. These would be direct competition if the sole focus of my...
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...First, the most important question is to find out why the mother is reluctant to breastfeed. It may be a simple answer such as “I’m afraid it will hurt, I don’t know how, my family member says it doesn’t work, or (my personal favorite) I don’t have any milk.” Here the nurse is able to eliminate the wrong understandings, fears, or ill beliefs of breastfeeding and take the time to educate the patient on the many benefits of breastfeeding, the cost effectiveness, and the simplicity once a good latch and hold have been established. (La Leche League, 2014) It is also important that the Mother understands that although breastfeeding is natural, it still takes patience and practice on behalf of the mother and the infant and will take time to master. The mother will be educated of feeding and hunger ques such as rooting, hand sucking, and or crying (late sign); these signs will benefit both breastfeeding and formula feeding mothers. The mother will be encouraged to find a comfortable position, learn how to properly position her baby, and establish a good latch. The latch can be assisted by the nurse and there are many brochures/pamphlets available to the mothers that show a diagram of positioning and latch techniques. The mother will be encouraged to feed her baby at all times when hunger ques are evident, or at least every two hours. The mother will be educated in cluster feeding and educated on the supply and demand of breast milk and taught that the more often the baby feeds...
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...exclusively breastfed for the first six months. This includes countries that have a high rate of breastfeeding initiation. Recent data has shown that the exclusive breastfeeding rates over the last 15 years have only risen about six per cent, from 33% to 39%. Breask milk protects children against childhood illnesses such as gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, otitis media, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and SIDS. Studies have also shown that children that are breastfeed have improved cognitive development and decreased risk for childhood obesity (Haroon, Das, Salam, Imdad, & Bhutta, 2013) . A systematic review begins with a specific research question and then the author has a specific method which will be used to find the articles that are relevant for the study. Systematic reviews attempt to remove biases from the process. The research question being answered in this review is regarding breastfeeding promotion inventions and breastfeeding practices. The topic is an appropriate topic for a systematic review because it is broad enough that there are many studies that have been performed, but specific enough to allow for the researchers to narrow down the research. The authors also discuss similar reviews that have already been performed and the conclusions. It was useful to know that there was already much information available about the effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions. The authors used a review performed previously which showed the EBF rates...
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...Public Breastfeeding 3 In 2009, a publicized survey revealed that 37 percent of Australians felt the breastfeeding should be done in private. However, on some websites, people compared public breast feeding to urinating in public. While it is certainly understandable why someone would be offended by public breastfeeding, needless to say it is nowhere close to urinating in public. Breastfeeding is a source of food for an infant; meanwhile, urinating in public is bad-mannered, vulgar, and public display of filth. History of Breastfeeding The history of breastfeeding has been around for centuries; nonetheless, breastmilk was a baby’s only foundation of nutrition. “Throughout early human history, breastmilk was a baby’s only source of nourishment. If a woman could not breastfeed, she would sometimes turn to a wet nurse for help.” (breastfeeding, 2015). By the time the 1950s, rolled around, women were given the option to choose...
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...Definition of Nutrition Nutrition is the sum total of the processes involved in taking in and the utilization of food substances by which growth, repair and maintenance of the body are accomplished. It involves ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation. Nutrients are stored by the body in various forms and drawn upon when the food in take is not sufficient. Nutritional Knowledge Man knows about science and about a thousand and one other things but about nutrition he knows virtually nothing. That happens to be one of the sciences about which man is blissfully ignorant. even though his welfare, existence, health and life itself depend upon it. Importance of Nutritional Knowledge Poor nutrition is a chronic problem linked to poverty, poor nutrition understanding and practices, and deficient sanitation and food security. Malnutrition globally provides many challenges to individuals and societies. Lack of proper nutrition contributes to worse class performance, lower test scores, and eventually less successful students and a less productive and competitive economy. Malnutrition and its consequences are immense contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide. Promoting good nutrition helps children grow, promotes human development and advances economic growth and eradication of poverty. About Malnutrition Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. In developed countries, the diseases...
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...MacArthur, C. 1995). The post natal period, until recently, has been defined as not less than 10 days, or more than 28 days after the end of labour (UKCC, 1998). However, it has been acknowledged by the Government that the public health role of the midwife should be further developed (DoH, 1999) and so the NMC defined the post natal period as the period after the end of labour, on which a midwife must attend a women for no less than 10 days and for as long as the midwife deems as necessary (NMC, 2004). Mrs Smith, this is an alias due to the NMC guidelines 2004, was seen for 28 days post natal due to problems she was having. Her baby was jaundice, she was having problems breast feeding her baby and generally she was feeling inadequate as a mother. She was also overcome with tiredness. Most midwives’ visit for only 10 days and their capacity to extend visiting beyond 10 days depends on staffing levels, the...
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...Everyone in the world in has their own personal beliefs and ideas when it comes to breastfeeding. Most cultures can agree that it is important aspect of infant nutrition, but they may have opposing views on the way it should be done. For instance, in Mongolian culture it is encouraged for women to breastfeed for extended periods of time. Majority of women breastfeed exclusively for about eight months and then continue to breastfeed for about two years. Mongolian women are highly celebrated and praised for producing breast milk which would increase the breastfeeding rates in Mongolia. It is also common for breast milk to be shared and traded for other goods in Mongolia. They believe everyone should consume the milk because of its numerous nutritional...
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...across is that the women believe they should wait until their milk comes in before they start breast feeding. In the meanwhile they wish to feed their newborns formula from a bottle. Evidence-based practice supports breastfeeding from within one hour of birth until the child is one year old or older. In our institution we attempt cultural repatterning, that is working with the patient “to help… her change cultural practices that are harmful” (Huber, 2009, p. 14). We try to encourage the women to attend free breast feeding classes prior to delivery regarding the benefits of colostrum and the benefits of early breastfeeding . In the past nurses believed that bottle-feeding the first few days was not harmful and therefore just a cultural variation that could be supported. Allowing the mothers to formula-feed under this assumption is called cultural accommodation which “supports and facilitates the use of cultural practices that have not been proven harmful” (Huber, 2009, p. 14).Formula was believed to be the gold standard for infant feeding. At that time, cultural preservation was practiced, that is nurses supported formula-feeding assuming it was a “scientifically sound cultural” (Huber, p. 14) practice. In this instance, the outcome is the same, that is, the mothers are allowed to bottle feed their infant until their milk comes in. Preservation assumes the practice is correct and beneficial, whereas accommodation...
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...for Professor Jorge Zavala-Vinces 1. If you had been an executive with Nestlé, would you have changed your marketing approach after the boycotts began? Nestlé’s marketing tactics in promoting the use of infant formula in Third World countries wasn’t moral. Nestlé was not acting within the boundaries of moral standards. Every corporation must understand and realize the corporate ethics and responsibilities they should have. The problem was that Nestlé used unqualified sales girls, the distribution of free samples, marketed to people who were incapable to fulfil the minimum requirements for giving formula safely to the baby, and the association of bottle-feeding with healthy babies to promote the use of infant formula to mothers who would have been better off breast-feeding their babies. The first Nestlé boycott in 1977 led by Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) had a large impact on Nestlé’s revenues. Their products were boycotted in the U.S. to end the promotion of infant formula. This was a small part of the major problem which is to improve total infant nutrition throughout the Third World that must be resolved on a global basis if the health of babies in the developing nations is to be improved. If I had been an executive with Nestlé, I would have changed the marketing approach after the boycotts began. A possible solution to Nestlé’s unethical use of marketing is write the proper way to use their formula safely in that country’s native...
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...Western Governors University Breastfeeding: A Declining Choice. A Realistic Solution Breastfeeding is endorsed by many different agencies worldwide. Some of those agencies include: The American Academy of Pediatrics, American Family of Pediatrics, and the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. All of these agencies agree that breastfeeding should be done for the first twelve months of life. Mothers and babies build unspeakable bonds during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is one of the most natural things a mother can do, yet it is becoming a declining choice among mothers when it comes to feeding their newborn. When a mother chooses to use formula over breast milk, both she and the baby loose out in many ways, two of the most important being critical nutrition and bonding time. Parents spend what could be considered small fortunes on formula when they could be feeding the babies for free by choosing the breast. A way to address the problem of the decline in mother’s breastfeeding is to provide more education, and to provide more support while beginning to change the public’s opinion on mom’s breastfeeding in public. Typical education on breastfeeding usually comes from two sources. One of those sources is prenatal classes that parents take while they are still pregnant. Breastfeeding is talked about but not in an in-depth or continual way. An example of a typical prenatal class is a four week course. The breastfeeding portion is about fifty-five minutes...
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