...Autism: It’s Time to Listen 1 Autism: It’s Time to Listen. Kelly Fitzpatrick Intro to Psychology Professor Carter 07, 2012 This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the Associate of Science Degree in the Medical Assisting Program at Southern Technical College Autism 2 Abstract This paper will discuss what Autism is, when it is usually diagnosed and what behaviors are usually displayed by those on the spectrum. This paper will also provide information about some possible causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as well as some facts about ASD. This paper will talk about treatments and resources available to individuals diagnosed with ASD and to their families. Autism 3 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are equally common terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. ASD and Autism are characteristic of, in fluctuating degrees, difficulty in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors (Autism Speaks, 2012). Autism can be connected to intellectual disabilities, problems with motor skills development, attention deficits, sleep issues, and gastrointestinal disorders (Autism Speaks, 2012). Autism is believed to originate in early brain development. While this is believed to be true most signs of Autism do not surface until the child is 2 to 3 years old. Other than the characteristics mentioned already ASD or Autism symptoms may include difficulty...
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...and Diagnosing of Autism Spectrum Disorder Stephanie R. South University of Cincinnati Abstract This paper explores the symptoms and how to accurately diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism is classified as a psychological condition that starts in adolescence. Psychology classes, specifically an introductory course, briefly cover this condition and its diagnosis. This paper will provide a great knowledge and understanding of diagnosing Autism. There are many symptoms and signs exhibited in children diagnosed with Autism. There is no clear answer for why or how this disorder occurs, making it hard to properly diagnose those afflicted. It is extremely important for the child’s caregiver to be proactive and seek out medical expertise at the onset of behavioral issues in their child. Diagnosing the child at a younger age can ensure proper treatment and interventions for him/her. I have chosen to write my paper on the symptoms and diagnosing of Autism. This disorder is mysterious, but also fascinating. Being a mother, I worry all the time about new and strange afflictions that are attacking our children. To be proactive in our children’s lives, we must be knowledgeable and observant for the early warning signs or symptoms. Throughout the research process of preparing my paper, I have gained a greater comprehension of this disorder and the first indicators that has prepared me to act promptly for the sake of my children. In the last decade, Autism has gained a lot...
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...Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome Michelle Mason South University Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome The comment by Hans Asperger that 'not everything that steps out of line, and thus "abnormal", must necessarily be "inferior", Atwood (2006) truly underlines what Autism and Asperser’s Syndrome is and how it is becoming more and more of a concern in America. This concern of Autism and Asperger’s rises, as more children are being diagnosed everyday. In order to understand the affects of these diseases one must first understand the characteristics and the children that live with Autism. Research on Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome will take the reader into areas that before hand have not been considered by most. Although this disease has been heard of, many have not experienced it in their lives. This paper will explore the emotions of autistic children and parents and the grief of realizing that these children are autistic, how these children learn, the challenges they face and how society views these children through medical and scientific research as well as the author’s personal research and life experiences with this disease. To understand Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome, the reader must first be able to identify and define what it is and what the characteristics are. In the article Autism and Genetic Disorders, Dr. A.L. Reiss (1986) who is head of the Department of Developmental Neuropsychiatry, Kennedy Institute for Handicapped Children, he describes and defines the signs...
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...Secrets of the MMR scare: How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed February 28, 1998, there was a paper published in the Lancet which would go on to create a worldwide MMR vaccine scare. Authored by Andrew Wakefield, John Walker-Smith, and 11 others from the Royal Free medical school, London. 12 developmentally challenged children were reported on. 11 boys, 1 girl; ages 3-9 They made claims which they adopted as facts __Behavioral symptoms reported by parents in 8 of the 12 children. __Average interval from exposure to 1st behavioral symptoms was 6.3 days (range 1-14). __9 children diagnosed with regressive autism. __ Autistic enterocolitis (unproven bowel disease) November 2000, Wakefield grants an interview to CBS’s 60 minutes; epidemic of autism . He campaigned for boycott of the MMR vaccine in favor of single shots. Concerns for Thimerosal in vaccine also occurring at this time What Got Deer Started: Around the time the Lancet paper was published, a woman in Ireland was compensated for vaccine injury caused to her son. 2003 begins to take a closer look at Wakefield’s claims. Deer’s Findings: The research alleging link between MMR and Autism had been funded from the onset by a group of lawyers. Wakefield was on their payroll for two years prior to the paper being published and before the research began. Wakefield and his cohorts created “the problem” Children enrolled in the study were members of JAB as well as clients...
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...Autism Autism is one in a group of very many developmental problems called autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Within the first three years of a child’s life a doctor will be able to tell if a child is autistic by running special test to look at their communication, language and social skills. I chose to research autism due to the fact that it is so popular and interested me more than the other topics. Autism can be found in males and females of all ages rather it is a small case or large case simple things a child does can place them on the autism spectrum. In January of 2010 the national autistic society announced that the ratio of autistic kids between boys and girls is one to four. There are many interesting facts and characteristics of autism that the people of this day and age should be aware of because you never know when a child you interact with on daily bases may be autistic. The severity of autism in a child can vary from very serious to just a minor case, but all autism disorders affect a child’s ability to communicate, talk and their social skills. It can also make them act in unusual ways. They might flap their hands, say certain words over and over, have temper tantrums, or play with only one particular toy. Most kids with autism do not like a change in their regular routine; they like to stay on a repetitive schedule that does not involve different interactions with different people or different actions they have to take to compete the routine. They...
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...Running Head: AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 1 Article Critique on Autism, Attachment and Parenting Jennifer L. York Liberty University AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 2 Abstract This paper examines Rutgers et al.’s research article regarding autism, attachment and parenting. It is a comparison of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Mental Retardation (MR), Language Disorder (LD), and non-clinical children. This article addressed the issues of autism, attachment security, and parenting among the clinical and non-clinical groups. The author’s attachment security research was conducted using a variety of both screening questionnaires, and several parental self-report questionnaires assessing their parenting styles, parental efficacy, experiences of daily hassles, social support and psychological problems. Through the use of these questionnaires, observations by pediatric psychologists, and a follow-up at approximately four years of age, it was demonstrated that the children with ASD were rated less securely attached than both other clinical and non-clinical groups. Also, the parents of children with ASD reported a less authoritative parenting style and felt they received less social support than the parents of non-clinical children. This paper will delve deeper into their research and consider the results as it applies to the discipline. AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 3 Article...
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...Autism Jennifer Van Puymbrouck ENGL 112, Composition DeVry University Autism, what is autism? Autism “is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors” (WebMD). Autism spectrum disorder or ASD for short; is how the doctors are recognizing any child or adult that falls within the Autism category. Clearly we have a growing problem with ASD, it is estimated that “1 out of every 88 children” will be given a diagnosis of autism (Jaslow, 2014). Why instead of decreasing, are autism cases rising? Some say it due to the ways that doctors are able to diagnose autism, but I think there is a different cause. There is one thing that most children have in common and that is the immunizations that are given to most children from birth. Doctors have found that ASD affect boys more that girls and they are “almost five times more likely” to be diagnosed with some form of ASD then girls (Jaslow, 2014). There is enough evidence at present to say that the rise in autism cases can be linked to immunizations. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism can be defined by “a group of complex disorders of the brain development” and “has roots in very early brain development” (Autism Speaks, 2015). Children typically show some signs of autism between 2 to 3 years old. Some of the most common characteristics that most ASD patients display would include: difficulties...
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...Dictionay.com, autism is, “Psychiatry. a pervasive developmental disorder of children, characterized by impaired communication, excessive rigidity, and emotional detachment.” The word “autism” is derived from the Greek word “auto” which means “self”. Often parent’s question, “How could my child develop autism?” Who fault is it? And so on. Research has shown that autism has a huge impact on, not just the parents, but the family emotionally, physically, and mentally. The most common signs of autism varies from individual to individual. “The most common symptoms of an autistic person are social deficits (they have not much of an interest about other people and they often ignore other children and and prefer playing alone), language deficits (remain mute, babble nonsense), repetitive behaviors and obsessions (stare at objects, rocking back and forth, arranging things in patterns), and etc.” (FIRST PAPER: you sent me in the attach email.). A diagnosis of autism using can be detected by a child third birthday, but signs can been seen when the child is first born. The characteristics of autism has found to be universal, but of course varies from person to person. The cause of autism, until this day, remains unknown. Many studies tend to focus on the family’s history to find the cause of autism. Until this day, there is no clear evidence to show that the family history strongly impacts the outcome of a member of the family will be autistic. “Like everyone else, people with autism move through...
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...A Look at the Social Conflicts with Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder By: Satonya Serrano Final Paper 4.17.11 Social skills are a constant challenge for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I chose this subject because at the daycare facility that I work my assistant teacher’s nephew has Autism. She is constantly at her sister’s helping her with her son and she comes to work telling me things about David. Before doing any research I was unaware of what it exactly meant to be Autistic. Although I only researched one challenge that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder face, I now feel I have a good understanding of that challenge, and can empathize with this individuals and can only hope that more research goes into this field and can further help and assist individuals with this disorder. I now can understand a little more of what my assistant tells me about David and can appreciate her stories more. For my research I read three articles. The first article was called,” Strategies for Increasing Positive Social Interactions in Children with Autism: A Case Study” by Evonn Welton, Shernavaz VaKil and Carolyn Carasea. The article was about a 13 year old girl named Caryn and the effects that Autism has on herself as well as any Autistic child’s social interactions. It discussed how Caryn has now overcome her challenge of social skills and how she did it. They give strategies as to what methods can help children...
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...Article Session: Fall 2014 Pam Belluck, in her “Study Finds That Brains with Autism Fail to Trim Synapses as They Develop,” reports on a new study that establishes the correlation between autism in children and a surplus of synapses in some parts of the brain. This may explain some symptoms like oversensitivity to noise or social experiences, as well as why many people with autism also have epileptic seizures, she says. According to the American Psychiatric Association, Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition which unfolds during the first few years of life and involves impairments in social communication with concomitant restriction in interests and repetitive/preservative behaviors. Our society values a peaceful and well-grounded family. An autism diagnosis basically takes that away. When facing the diagnosis of autism for a child who is showing signs of behavioral disorder, parents often go to the shock and disbelief from the atrociousness of what is being said. The difficulties in understanding and making sense of their child’s behaviors represent the most challenging aspect of their experience. I believe that these parents are looking for somewhere to turn and seek for help. In that perspective, I was especially moved by the content of Pam Belluck’s article. I wholeheartedly feel for the parents with autistic children. Although these children are diagnosed as a child, yet, they go through adolescence and adulthood in the same conditions. Often...
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...Understanding Autism Jessica Stansbury PSYC101, Online Michael Mihajlovic November 23, 2012 What is Autism? Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), is a developmental disability. It can cause many problems such as social, communication and behavioral challenges. People with autism process information differently in their brain than other people do. Although there are many different types of Autism, there are three that are more commonly seen currently. The first one is Autistic Disorder, also called classic autism. This is usually accompanied by substantial language delays, social and communication challenges, and odd behaviors and interests. The second is Asperger Syndrome. Asperger Syndrome is usually accompanied by some milder symptoms of autistic disorder. Although they may still have social challenges and odd or unusually interested and behaviors, they usually do not have any problems with language disabilities. The third is Pervasive Developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) or also called atypical autism. Most people that are diagnosed with PDD-NOS usually have fewer and much milder symptoms then the others. People that are diagnosed with PDD-NOS may only have challenges in social and communication areas. Although there are different types of autism, they all require the same attention to the signs and symptoms of them. Autism is usually detected in early childhood. It will appear in the first three years of life. Often the child will...
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...1 Potential Etiologies of Autism Autism spectrum disorder, also called autism, is a severe physical disorder of the brain, characterized by impaired cognition, limited language, repetitive patterns of behavior, difficulty with social interactions, and a lack of responsiveness to other people (Schreibman). Other conditions within the autism spectrum include Asperger syndrome, Child Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and Rett’s Disorder (58-63). Scientists consider these disorders to be similar because they share common characteristics (58). Asperger syndrome occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions, but do not exhibit delays in language. CDD develops within two years and autism is evident within the first year of life (59). PDD-NOS occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions and either communication problems or restricted interest (63). Rett’s Disorder is diagnosed definitively in females and autism is diagnosed primarily in males (58). The term autism was first used in 1943 by child psychiatrist Leo Kanner, who wrote a paper “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact” (Koegel 2). In his paper, Kanner described his observation of eleven children between the ages of two and eight who displayed a tendency to want to be alone and lacked the ability to interact with others. The children also displayed a delay in speech, a lack of imaginative play, unusual interest, and verbal...
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...Autism is part of a group of neurological disorders. There are two specified groups pertaining to autism. Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). within PDD-NOS falls Rett Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorders. Autism is referred to in today’s medical field as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (NICHD.gov) Although there are different level of autism; levels referring to severity, everyone that has autism falls under the category of “ASD“, Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure or play activities. This disorder makes it hard for them to relate to the outside world. It is hard for them to communicate with others. Aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present in some cases. (Autism Speaks, 2009) The word "Autism," which has used for the last one-hundred years, comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction (self removed). Eugene Bleuler, who was a Swiss psychiatrist, was the first person to use the term Autism in 1911 (Wikipedia ). Autism research and discovery is greatly in part to the research of Leo Kanner, a psychiatrist who became the first physician in the world to be titled...
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...Review of paper by Karst and Van Hecke Parenting a child with autism is an overwhelming task. Karst and Van Hecke (2012), state that “Raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be an overwhelming experience for parents and families. The pervasive and severe deficits often present in children with ASD are associated with a plethora of difficulties in caregivers, including decreased parenting efficacy, increased parenting stress, and an increase in mental and physical health problems compared with parents of both typically developing children and children with other developmental disorders”. Botout (2017) also discusses this topic and writes that, “The impact of autism on the family has been the focus of some, although few,...
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...Mental Illness - Autism HCA/240 January 19, 2014 Mental Illness - Autism This paper about a form of mental illness called autism will explore many aspects of the disease, such as the history, sign and symptoms, and diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Autism is a serious developmental disorder that shows up in early childhood, normally before the age of 3 years old. Even though over the last five years scientist have identified a number of rare gene changes, also known as mutations, associated with autism, it is still not clear what causes this developmental disorder in the brain. Furthermore, central nervous system changes have also been associated with this disease, but no definite links have yet been made (Autism Speaks, n.d.). Let us begin with the history of autism. This disorder, first described in 1943 by a psychiatrist named Leo Kanner in a paper he wrote that described how 11 children whom all shared high intelligence, a severe preference for being alone and insisting on point of being obsessive on doing things exactly at the same time each day (Autism Speaks, 2013). In addition, Autism Speaks (2013) stated, “Through the 1960s, psychiatrists continued to view autism as a form of childhood schizophrenia” (para. 4). Psychiatrists also believed during this period that the idea a mother who was emotionally distant from their child caused autism, which was found not to be factor at all (Autism Speaks, 2013). It was not until the 1970s that scientist...
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