...Maltreatment and Trauma The challenges upon adaptive development by child maltreatment is associated with considerable individual differences in normal-range and disordered personality organizations among children, adolescents, and adults. Experiences of child maltreatment are shown to have a significant negative influence on children’s psychosocial and personality development. Research suggests that child maltreatment, as a severe environmental adversity, generates adaptation difficulties on multiple levels with organismic. Child maltreatment experiment often result in major harmful effects on behavioral cognitive and physiological regulatory systems across the life span. The harsh environments such as child maltreatment is likely to...
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...Emphasizing feelings of unwantedness, years of childhood trauma leads to a never ending state of depression and the inability to fully express emotions and cope establishing the large impact of an individual’s childhood on their mental health. Creating a sense of undesirability, trauma experienced in one’s younger years is a catalyst for depression in adulthood. Developed early on, an individual’s self worth is began to be understood in the first few years of life. Those who are not given the needed love and attention deem themselves unworthy, a feeling that lasts for a lifetime. Like physical baggage, the weight and emotions from childhood trauma are impossible to get rid of (Source A). Metaphorically depicting the weight of childhood trauma,...
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...GAD is an anxiety disorder that may begin during adolescence (Liao et al., 2013). Moreover, individuals who experienced maltreatment during childhood could have an increased rate of developing numerous disorders during their life, including GAD. Liao et al. study consisted of 26 adolescent participants with GAD, and 25 non-GAD control participants. The participants completed a childhood trauma questionnaire, and a high-resolution structural magnetic resonance scans (Liao et al., 2013). Furthermore, they sought to examine the connection between childhood maltreatment and the development of GAD; this may be useful in ascertaining potential risk factors (Liao et al., 2013). Liao’s research utilizing MRI technology indicated that there was...
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...Disturbances Found in the Brain Due to Childhood Traumas. Emotional disturbances have such an impact to the brain that it can affect various important changes if that trauma continues. In the journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience by Ana Martin Blanco, et. al., discusses how the Hypothalamus Pituitary-Adrenal gland is an important component in patients with personality disorders. In the study conduct by the researchers for the journal was to analyze the dysfunction of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal gland and its effects of childhood trauma in a large sample of Dissociative Personality Disorder patients. The DID patients underwent a proper medical interview classifying them with a true diagnosis of...
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...Childhood trauma is significantly more dangerous than adult trauma because it occurs in a time where the brain is still developing. Therefore, changes can occur in the brain as a result of the trauma that makes using drugs more appealing as a method of escape. In the 1960s James Olds conducted a study in which he implanted electrodes in the hypothalamus into the brains of rats. The research showed that when the rats learned to push a button they were able to stimulate their hypothalamus, similar to the behavior of drug addicts (Olds, n.d.). While addiction can occur in any person, at any age, the link between early childhood trauma exposure, and substance abuse cannot be ignored. One study estimates that “nearly 35 million children in the...
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...By comparison, both Billy Pilgrim and Dunstan Ramsay experienced terrifying childhood traumas that would have a long lasting effect on their lives. The fact that both boys had a near death experience early on in their childhood (Billy drowning and Dunstan getting beaten close to death) illustrates the impact a parent has on their child’s development. A situation where the parent may view to be a good learning experience for their children (help Billy learn to swim and help Dunstan learn not to lie and quit magic), may have the opposite impact on the child. Instead of being a good learning experience, the experience could have traumatized the children and further alienating from society. As a result of Billy’s early traumas, it caused him to develop schizophrenic...
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...The purpose of the review is to investigate whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is strongly associated with non-suicidal self-injury, a post traumatic symptom, among adolescents and young adults. II. REVIEW The relationship between childhood sexual maltreatment and non-suicidal self injury can be discussed through the Glassman et al. (2007) study. The study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of childhood abuse, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect and non suicidal self-injury. A sample of ninety-four adolescents whom aged twelve to nineteen years were prepared by recruiting from local psychiatric clinics, newspapers, community bulletin boards and the internet....
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...from this module/week to support what you say) how trauma can affect development, most specifically neural development. Discuss how spiritual development can counter the effects of trauma. What are the determining factors that lead to developmental delays when a child is exposed to trauma? Give details on the prevalence of different types of trauma and if they differ among different cultures. Make sure to support everything you report with at least 2–3 current APA citations and then a reference page at the end. Review the Essay Grading Rubric before submitting. Your paper must be at least 600 words. Abstract Trauma is an experience that all people are potential vulnerable towards. Trauma comes in many forms ranging from non-typical situations of abuse and neglect to intense reaction to life events such as the death of a loved one or a natural disaster. Trauma may be experienced personally or may result from witnessing a particular event. The effects of trauma are long lasting, though not necessarily irreversible. Trauma may result in a variety of mental health or addiction diagnosis and often has significant impacts on neurological development. While trauma has many negative effects, there are many approaches to trauma that may minimize these effects. One such approach described in the paper is a spiritual approach. Spiritual development and application may provide understanding and hope after a person has experienced trauma and is often a successful means of recovering from...
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...Trauma, Development, and Spirituality Crissy Bontrager Liberty University Trauma, Development, and Spirituality Trauma during childhood can arise from a variety of circumstances. These circumstances can include neglect, maltreatment, various forms of abuse, divorce, to name a few. The effects of trauma during childhood vary as to the type of trauma the child may have suffered. However, the development of a child can be affected by trauma. Looking into the affects of trauma one can see how development may be affected as well as how cultural differences and spirituality may help the child cope with the affects. Thus, one must take a closer look at trauma during childhood. One of the types of trauma a child may endure is the divorce of his or her parents. Children from divorced homes often struggle in school and have difficulty adjusting. The child may feel as though he or she must choose a side, or even feel responsible for the parents divorcing (University of Phoenix, 2014). The stress of ongoing trauma in a high conflict divorce can affect the neurobiology of the development of the child’s brain. Moreover, some children exhibit signs of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) when struggling with the trauma of divorce (University of Phoenix, 2014). Thus, the level of conflict within a divorce situation directly affects the level of stress or trauma the child may endure. Additionally, other types of trauma have damaging effects beyond PTSD. A child, who suffers from...
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...According to Dave Pelzer, author of A Child Called “it,” “Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul” (Pelzer, 1995, pg.98). Meaning, children should be able to enjoy their carefree lives and not worry about pain. Child Sexual Abuse is a very harrowing experience for many victims. As the child continues to develop though, the sexual abuse can have an enormous impact on their lives, to the extent sometimes that the child no longer realizes it. This is called normalization, according to the Southeast Center Against Sexual Assault and Violence, Normalization of the survivors’ reactions to the abuse experience and the effects this has had on their psychological functioning, both historically...
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...Individual Theories By: Eleanore Krzeminski CJS/240 Michelle Wilson Eleanore Krzeminski When dealing with the adolescents we must think about how the life in which they have grown up with has in fact affected them in any way. Some adolescents have lived abusive lives with only one parent. Some of the younger children have been in situations that one would never dream of. There are many different reasons why some adolescents choose to commit crimes and why some of them choose to live the life that is not full of crimes. Even though most have been in similar circumstances each still have the choice of life. We often think of those who commit crimes as a person who makes stupid choices. However, one must sit down and think about all perspectives that an adolescent has had to deal with in a lifetime. There are three theories that result in criminal behavior. In this paper I will discuss the following theories; behavioral, neurological and psychodynamic. The behavioral theory is a sense of individuals who in fact learn by observing how other people react to their behaviors. This could be due to past experiences that the adolescents have had to deal with and overcome. Also, living a life where rewards and punishments were a big deal in the household. For example we reward our children if they eat all of their dinner we choose to give them desert. This is a reward in which is deserved when doing what was told to do. However if the food is not gone the child makes that choice...
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...Bruce D. Perry, MD, Ph.D. This booklet is one in a series developed by the ChildTrauma Academy to assist parents, caregivers, teachers and various professionals working with maltreated and traumatized children. All Rights Reserved © 2003 Bruce D. Perry Effects of Trauma on Children: Perry 2 Introduction Each year in the United States approximately five million children experience some form of traumatic experience. More than two million of these are victims of physical and/or sexual abuse. Millions more are living in the terrorizing atmosphere of domestic violence. Natural disasters, car accidents, life-threatening medical conditions, painful procedures, exposure to community violence – all can have traumatic impact on the child. By the time a child reaches the age of eighteen, the probability that any child will have been touched directly by interpersonal or community violence is approximately one in four. Traumatic experiences can have a devastating impact on the child, altering their physical, emotional, cognitive and social development. In turn, the impact on the child has profound implications for their family, community and, ultimately, us all. Traumatic events in childhood increase risk for a host of social (e.g., teenage pregnancy, adolescent drug abuse, school failure, victimization, anti-social behavior), neuropsychiatric (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, conduct disorders) and other medical problems (e.g., heart...
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...the effects of trauma, whether we experienced it first hand or though a shared experience that struck close to home. Trauma is unavoidable, the result of experiencing something that is too difficult to cope with. In “Selections from Losing Matt Shepard”, Beth Loffreda discusses the murder of Matthew Shepard in Laramie Wyoming and it’s traumatic effect on the university and community as a whole. She focuses heavily on the idea of identity, both that of the individual and the shared identity of the community after the traumatic event of his death. Trauma is of particular interest to Martha Stout, author of “When I Woke up on Tuesday, It was Friday”. She questions idea of sanity and whether we can truly call ourselves sane. She uses examples of her patients to discuss the effects of trauma on a person’s memory, feelings, and ultimately their identity. In “Into the Wild”, Jon Krakauer implies some of these same concepts with the story of Chris Candles and his travels in the Alaskan wilderness. Through out the story Chris seems to be searching for his own identity and seemingly trying to cope with damage and after effects of childhood trauma. Trauma as personally experienced or shared through a community causes a disconnection between individual and shared identity, significantly damaging and profoundly affecting our self and shared perceptions, feelings, and opinions of ourselves and the world around us. As a result we are challenged to either over come our past traumas or succumb to...
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...Reaction paper one According to the article, childhood abuse leads to greater mortality and morbidity in later adulthood, and dysregulated physiological stress responses may underlie the greater health risk among abused individuals. Therefore, this study mainly focused on evaluating the impact of childhood abuse on inflammatory responses to naturalistically occurring daily stressors. There are 130 older adults participate in this study. Recent daily stressors and childhood abuse history were evaluated using the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To provide data on inflammatory responses, blood samples are collected to test circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Study visits were scheduled between 8 to 10 A.M to account for diurnal changes on circulating cytokines. Participants are divided into two groups: caregiving group and non-caregiving group (control). Then a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire is given to assess abuse in childhood. Lastly, Daily Inventory of Stressful Events is given to assess the occurrence of daily stressors in the past 24 hours. The results are consistent with theoretical models, revealing that childhood abuse history was associated with amplified IL-6 responses to naturalistically occurring daily stressors. According to the article, abused individuals experienced multiple daily stressors have IL-6 levels 2.35 times higher than those of non0abused participants...
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...The association of Trauma and Somatic symptoms: the efficacy of Somatic Psychotherapy Review Literature The goal of this literature is to investigate the efficacy of utilizing Somatic Therapy for deeper understanding, and better treatment, of trauma impact, through the association of somatic symptoms with trauma exposure. A biopsychosocial perspective of conceptualizing the impact of trauma on individuals would contribute to a new perspective of this association with somatic symptoms- specifically ones that do not have identifiable medical pathology. The Association between past Traumatic events and later manifested Somatic Symptoms In an earlier review of the relationship between medical symptoms- without identified pathology- and psychiatric...
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