...Unit 4- Children and play D1 (Identify 3 different setting where children might play) and D2 (State the typical age range and the stage of play of the children who might play in the setting) * Park * Garden * School The typical age range for children to play in a park is from 3-6 years. Children at the lower end of the age range are likely to be at the associative play stage this is when two or more children actively play together without formal organisation, group directions, group interaction, or a define goal. The typical age range for children to play in a garden is from 2-4 years. Children at the lower end of the age range will likely to be at parallel play, this is when children play alongside of each other but with very little communication. Children will be playing with similar object, side by side but hardly any interaction. The typical age range for children to play in a day nursery is from 6months onwards. Children at this age range will likely to be solitary play; this is play where the child plays independently without the consideration of what other children around them are doing. D3 (Describe 1 type of play that would take place in each setting.) and D4 (Describe one type of activity or experience in which children might demonstrate each type of play) A type of play that may take place at the local park is fantasy play. This is when children pretend to play a role that has not happened yet. An example of fantasy play in the local park may...
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...writer also looks at the good and bad sides of each of these agents. The agents that shall be discussed are: • Parents • Peers • Religious leaders • Teachers • Friends. Parents Parents are the main agents of socialisation for the children. This is so because the parents spend much of the time with the children, from their tender ages until they are grown up. At home the parents set standards and rules. They insist on certain folkways. Examples include that they must not eat while they are standing. In Zimbabwe parents also teach children moral codes such as clapping and thanking other people. They are taught good ways of treating others. Generally parents set the best guidance to children. This is due to the attachment which parents have with their children as well as the love they have for them. One bad thing in the socialisation that comes from the parents is insisting on certain standards which may not be good for the children. Some religious parents teach their children to disown other people’s religious beliefs. Parents may tend to create stereotypes in their children. They tend to want children to behave in exactly the same ways as they do. Teachers Apart from parents teachers give a lot of socialisation to children. Children believe that teachers are always right; hence they listen very much to them. Teachers tend to teach things that of national significance. The values taught by teachers reflect national thinking. This is so because that depends on the syllabuses...
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...successful in future. When it comes to going to school, parents are the ones responsible for making the decision of choosing what is best for their children. Going to school, children will receive many benefits for their future successes. However, in the article “Class Dismissed”, Burman discusses the ideas that parents let their children learn better when they want to learn and are self-motivated, through unschooling. She points out one of the advantages of this idea is, it doesn't require unschoolers to follow the curriculum that traditionally educated children to learn. However, let them pursues what they are interested...
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...Young children believe that they can be anything and can do anything. But gender stereotypes limit their dreams and experiences. If a child enjoys doing something that is different from the usual , that child might feel embarrassed or uncomfortable. That child might feel that there is something wrong with him or her. It is important to remember that a person’s sex is different than a person’s gender. “Gender is learned. Gender is what people think about being boys or girls growing into men and women. These attitudes and behaviors are learned from society and the culture that people live in. Gender is not what we “are” but what we “do” ”. Society as a whole, teachers , and parents collectively and respectively “teach” gender roles in many different ways. There are many problems if children learn that boys and girls can do only certain things. Those children may not get a chance to use their talents. It is not fair for some children to be able to do things when others cannot. Everyone can help children to use all their talents. Society, teachers and parents can help girls learn to do active things and also quite things. They can teach boys to be gentle and also compete. Children do not need to worry about whether activities are “boy things” or “girl things. “Children who don’t worry about gender roles seem to feel better about themselves. They learn who they are more quickly than other children. They learn to be good at being children, not just...
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...Research has found that children who lack friends can suffer from emotional and mental difficulties later in life. Friendships provide children with more than just fun playmates. Friendships help children develop emotionally and morally. In interacting with friends, children learn many social skills, such as how to communicate, cooperate, and solve problems. They practice controlling their emotions and responding to the emotions of others. They develop the ability to think through and negotiate different situations that arise in their relationships. Having friends even affects children's school performance. Children tend to have better attitudes about school and learning when they have friends there. In short, children benefit greatly from having friends. Parents play a crucial role in their child's social development. A child is not born with social skills. He needs parents who take an active role in preparing him to interact successfully with his peers. The most important thing parents can do for their child is to develop a loving, accepting, and respectful relationship with him. This warm relationship sets the stage for all future relationships, including friendships. It helps the child develop the basic trust and self-confidence necessary to go out and meet others. It provides a firm foundation on which the child can develop social skills. Parents also teach their child various social skills by being a good role model. That is, a child learns from how his parents interact...
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...can develop a lot of great qualities that can make children excellent individuals in the long run. Youth sports allow many children to form into great leaders by teaching them great leadership qualities. They also help children learn sportsmanship, problem solving skills and even something as a simple as time management. Being involved in sports teams comes with, many times, being part of a diverse group of people. Due to that, there will be members of the team that will play the role of the leader and others just as the members of the team. Forming part of a team also comes with having disagreements, which is okay. This is just another way for children to learn how to settle disagreements. Everyone sometime in their life faces situations where these skills are very important to have. The best time to instill these qualities is when children are young and this is why youth sports come to an advantage at an early age. Leadership comes in many different forms and is something definitely taught throughout youth sports. When I was younger, for example, I was very quiet and shy. I believed that I was a leader but was too afraid to express that vocally. My dad later explained to me that not all leaders are vocal and some simply just lead by example. Throughout youth sports, I always lead by example and was often considered a leader of my sports teams even though I was not vocal. Today, I remain the same and continue to lead by example, showing others that they can reach their full potential...
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...A LOOK AT THE MEDIA While watching 30 minutes of Fairly Odd Parents on Nickelodeon I noted that the theme was about getting a girl. Timmy Turner, the main character uses his Fairy God Parents to make wishes. He is considered a “good guy” however he abuses his powers. When Timmy uses violence no one makes any complaints. For example, he used Cupid’s arrows to shoot Trixie, the love of his life. The arrows made her fall in love with him. This show tries to justify violence by creating characters that miraculously recover by the next scene or even in the middle of the scene. It seems that Timmy Turner and his Fairy God Parents hold the power in the show. In order for Timmy to make wishes he needs his Fairies. They are to grant him every wish that he wishes for, with some rules of course. Instead of ending with violence Timmy finds a way to reverse his wishes. In this episode his mother was hit with an arrow and fell in love with Mr. Crocker who is Timmy’s teacher and foe. Timmy lives with his mother and father. They are married and their relationship with Timmy is portrayed negatively. There has been an episode or two that shows his parents grounding him, other than that adult guidance is absent. It is very easy for Timmy to trick his parents. He can do that with or without his fairies. They don’t seem to really care what Timmy does. His parents are rarely home. They leave him with a terrible baby sitter named Vicky while they go out. Most main characters are males (Timmy...
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...It is every parents hope that they can be successful in raising morally sound children. Think about this; an elementary school student is being bullied out on the playground; your child witnesses the encounter and decides to intervene. He states to the bully that enough is enough and that he has gone too far. He then walks away with the bullied student. The bully is humiliated and makes a decision to never bully again, and the child being bullied has a new friend. Most parents or guardians want their children to be the ones who step up in situations like these, to put a stop to any wrong- doing and to stick up for what they have been taught. But how can parents or guardians be effective in raising children with a strong sense of morals? There are daily opportunities for a parent or guardian to teach a child morals and values. It is absolutely impossible for children to learn what is ethically acceptable unless their caretakers are continually teaching them and practicing these values with them. There are so many values that are important to most people. Honesty, kindness, respect and forgiveness are only a few examples of necessary morals that children need to grasp and understand at a young age. It can be frustrating for a parent when it comes to teaching their child ethics. It is a learning process that, unlike potty training or learning the alphabet, can takes many years. It is a lifetime of learning experiences, trial and error, and social reactions that added together...
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...Children are able to develop specific skills as they grow and learn. The stages of play are considered to be solitary play, parallel play, associative play and cooperative play. During the solitary play a child will play by themselves and are typically secluded from others. In parallel play two or more children will play near each other. However, they are not interacting with each other yet. In associative play, two or more children are playing with the same thing. They are talking with each other but not working together to create something. Lastly, cooperative play is where two or more children are playing, talking and working together to create something. Solitary Play: Children tend to play alone regardless of whether other children are in the...
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...Evaluate the contribution psychological research has made towards our understanding of how children from birth to five learn and develop competencies in the processes of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making. Introduction The aim of this essay is to evaluate the developmental theories of ‘Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy’ (PSRN) and an ‘Exploration and Investigation’ aspect of ‘Knowledge and Understanding of the World’ (KUW) in Foundation stage children. This essay will explore Piaget and Vygotsky and their points of view on PSRN and issues which arise from development and it will consider current research and documents relevant to practice and the implications and recommendations for early years practice. Furthermore key concepts of emergent numeracy, mark making, counting and number development will be explored. The skills of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making fall into all six aspects of children’s learning and development and these skills led themselves to science and teaching as well as PSRN on which this essay is going to focus on. Theoretical approaches Piaget’s constructivist theory saw children as actively constructing their knowledge of the world, for themselves, and as being active seekers of solutions to problems (Martin 2007). It could be agreed as practitioners acknowledge the importance of child-led activity as being...
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...Building Happy Healthy Children Mary Gleich English /147 January 6, 2016 Louise Gerdes, JD Building Happy Healthy Children Almost all children at one point or another have played sports. Whether children are engaging in a game of pickup basketball or playing baseball on an organized team complete with look-alike major league uniforms, chalk lines, and a fresh cut field, children love to play sports because they are having fun. Children that play sports have fun, but they are also learning important qualities that they will take away and use for the rest of their lives. Parents should encourage children to participate in sports because children learn sportsmanship, communication skills, and help build self-esteem. One reason that sports are important for children is that children learn great sportsmanship qualities. According to a Canadian editorial, when children play sports they learn how to play fair, respecting the referees’ rulings, following the rules, and being respectful (Sportsmanship is an important lesson, 2014). For example, while observing a softball game a few months back, I witnessed one of the players become physically upset because she had struck out. An opponent from the other team came over to the player and told her that she tried, and that was what mattered. This is precisely the kind of sportsmanship that team sports can teach children. In fact, according to Brandpoint (2014), parents and coaches believe that learning teamwork...
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...individual that will be discussed in this spread are adults and children. At the very beginning of development, infants are believed to inherit the capacity to learn how to walk, learn a language(s) and mimic behaviour. From a nature perspective, this is an advantage for survival because their interaction helps them to inform an adult, especially parents, their needs for comfort, hunger, warmth etc. although, the type of surrounding of the infant is also important too. But, there is evidence that shows that children’s behaviours can be learned (nurture) i.e. feral children study of two boys who were raised by a lioness in Cairo, Egypt. Dave and Chip were described as “lionfish” in appearance and behaviour. This shows that even if they were not raise by a human(s), what they see is what they learn. If biology is so strong in influencing our behaviour, then these children must be acting normal like others even if they did not grow in a normal family, but that didn’t happen. There are many stories of feral children but all have come to one important point. That is the important role of education. All the things a child must know, or can do, must be learned. For example a child must learn how to walk, use fork and knife to eat, to ride a bicycle and many more, all of which will help for them to survive longer. Similarly, learning to be friendly, thankful, honest, truthful, unselfish, and respect to authority are learned from school, peers and parents, which could help them have a successful...
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...but it can also be harmful to children. In other words when children are watching television they can start to learn and see provocative things, they can can start to become lazy,and develop bad behavior. Children watching to much television can cause them to become lazy which can cause many health issues. When I mention health issues children can develop high blood pressure and obesity. As stated in this article “just two hours of T.V. a day doubles risk of child obesity”,...
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...talk is one of the most visible and important achievements of early childhood. All things being normal, in a matter of months, and without explicit teaching, toddlers move from hesitant single words to fluent sentences and from a small vocabulary to one that is growing by six new words a day. Language development is a complex subject with varying views.This debate reflects fundamentally different beliefs about human development and is not likely to be resolved. There is however considerable agreement that the course of language development reflects the interplay of factors in at least five domains.Educators and policy-makers have often ignored schoolchildren, whose language seems to be lagging behind development in other areas, arguing that such children are “just a bit late” in talking. However language development is a vital issue which has implications on the performance of a child at school. Because of this, this essay analyses factors that affect language development. 2.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2.1 LANGUAGE Skinner, who was a behaviourist, defined language as the observed and produced speech that occurs in the interaction of speaker and listener. 2.2LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT According to the internet site, www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development, Language development is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood. 3. 0 3.1 EXPOSURE TO THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Owens R. (2001), quoted Beistein in an attempt to associate...
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...individual from the age of 6 to 12 years? There are many things that can affect a person of this age group (middle childhood). During the middle childhood, Social and Moral Development describes that “children either develop a sense of their own competence at a variety of tasks, especially schoolwork, or they come to believe they are not capable of success (n.d.)”. Even though this age group can determine their own success and their own identity, there are factors that can affect these individuals’ physical, cognitive and social, moral, and personality development. There are many things that can affect the physical development in young children during their middle childhood, including environmental influences. With all of the research going on these days, it all loops back around to one issue these children face in the environment; obesity. For example, more and more children are spending more time watching television, and while watching the television they are snacking or having more meal time causing them to increase in weight, ultimately affecting their physical development. This problem increases as the children grow older. “Children’s TV time and home environment factors were assessed longitudinally among 169 families with children followed from 6 to 12 years of age. TV watching increased with age, as did the number of in-home TVs and the presence of videocassette recorders (VCRs), the frequency of meal eating while watching TV, and the percentage of children with bedroom...
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