...Clinical Synthesis/ Critical Analysis: This is a 35 y/o WM who has a PMH of hypercholesterolemia x 6 months. Because he moved out of state, he was lost to follow-up. He was not treated with any pharmacologic agents at that time. Instead he attempted lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise. Once he returned to the state he came in for a wellness exam. His physical examination was unremarkable, however upon evaluation of his diagnostic labs his total cholesterol was 348mg/dL, triglycerides 237 mg/dL, VLDL 47 mg/dL and LDL 227 mg/dL; all were elevated. According to literature, his history and labs define a classic case of clinical FH. Not all patients have a physical manifestation of the disorder, such as the presence of tendon xanthomata,...
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...Food Chemistry Laboratory report The analysis of Lipids Determination of fat by Soxhlet Extraction and Determination of fat content in milk by Gerber method Introduction Lipids are molecular organic compounds, composed largely of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen and are essential for cell growth. Lipids are non-soluble in water and combine with carbohydrates and proteins to form the majority of all plant and animal cells. Lipids are transported through the body attached to protein and are an important element of food. Lipids are the third major micronutrient required for the body after carbohydrates and protein. Lipids are also a medical term for ‘fat’ and though all fats are lipids, not all lipids are fats. Lipids have many roles within the body, one of its main duties is to transport, absorb and digest the fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K. They provide the most energy to the body, are used for energy storage, cell membrane development, and they protect vital organs. Other major purposes are that they insulate layers under the skin, provide vitamins, essential nutrients and fatty acids in the body. Fatty acids cannot be made by the body and are therefore fat is essential in the diet. In many foods the lipid components add to flavor perception, texture, mouth feel and appearance. (Intro to food Nutrition handout, 15/02/11) It is important to remember that although fat is essential, the body only requires 30% of daily calorie intake to come from fat. Over consumption of...
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...In no more than 1-2 paragraphs discuss the major differences (controversies) between the new ACC/AHA’s Guidelines on the treatment of cholesterol and the “old” lipid guidelines known as ATP III (Adult treatment plan III). What are your thoughs on these changes? Lipid management over the last decade has been utilizing guidelines from the 3rd report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. In November 2013 new guidelines were established with controversy regarding some of the changes that were to be made. The 2013 AHA/ACC lipid guidelines provide a new method to the management of hyperlipidemia, which differs from the ATP-III guidelines. The new guidelines created differ in that it includes the change from treating target levels or lab tests to treatment based on risk level and intensity of statin therapy. They identified 4 groups that would likely benefit from statin therapy: * History of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) * LDL- cholesterol >190 mg/dl * Between 40-75 years of age with history of diabetes * Between 40-75 year of age and a 10-year ASVD Risk > 7.5% A second key difference is lack of LDL goals in order to monitor the effectiveness of cholesterol lowering medications. There were no recommendations made on follow up LDL testing, which differs from previous guidelines. The best way to accomplish the AHA/ACC recommended goals is to focus on decreasing cardiovascular disease events or ASCVD. Another major change to the guidelines...
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...Lab E: Food Label & 3 Day Diet Analysis Name: __________________________ Date: ______________ Part One: Food Label Analysis (.25) Pick one PROCESSED food that you commonly eat and use the label to complete the following information: ATTACH Label Food description or name: _________________________ Manufacturer: ___________________________ Serving Size:_______________ Total calories per serving: __________ a) Carbohydrates per serving: _________ _____ grams of carbohydrate x 4 cal/gram = _____ / total calories = ______ x 100% = _____ % calories from CHO b) Protein per serving: ________ _____ grams of protein x 4 cal/gram = _____ / total calories = ______ x 100% = _____ % calories from protein c) Fat per serving: ________ _____ grams of fat x 9 cal/gram = _____ / total calories = ______ x 100% = _____ % calories from fat Significant source of (check one): ____carbohydrates; ___protein; ____fat; ____; or mixed food source Examine the label, including the list of ingredients and consider the following: 1. List any sources of added sugar: _________________________________________________ 2. List the cholesterol content per serving: _________________________________ 3. List the sodium content per serving: _________________________________ 4. List any vitamins or minerals: _____________________________________________________ 5. List the fibre content per serving: _______________________ 6. List the saturated fat content: ____________ and...
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...it. The hypolipidemic activity was analysed by reading the blood serum level in UV at 505 nm after treated with reagent present in auto span diagnostic kit. Dose of Methanolic extracts of QI had been prepared by using distilled water i.e. 200 mg/kg p.o. Methanolic extracts of QI significantly reduce the harmful lipid layer in blood serum at varying concentration and dose dependent manner which shows that the plant carries the hypolipidemic properties. It reduces the LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, triglyceride and raise HDL level in blood serum upto certain extent which was may be due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation as the plants contain some active ingredients acting as antioxidants. Our result shows that the plants extracts recover the disorders in lipid metabolism noted in hyperlipidemic state. KEY WORDS: Hypolipidemic, Hypocholesterolemic, Passive smoking (PS), Hyperlipidemia, Quisqualis indica, Coronary heart disease. 1. INTRODUCTION: Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids and cholesterol in the...
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...Cover page: Writing Assignments 1 & 2 William H Johnson Jr. Survey of the Sciences Week 1 Assignment 1 – Writing Assignment 1: Science in the media Assignment 2 – Writing Assignment 2: The Process of Science Date of assignment: 12/18/2013 Date turned in: 12/18/20 My best teacher was my French language instructor by the name of Cilote Yves, from France and he was the most encouraging and patient professor I have ever met. He always went the extra mile to make sure that his students understood what they were been taught and in turn have them implemented in real-time scenarios. He was both an instructor and a mentor and made his course very interesting and likeable. He provided all the tools and incentives that were needed for us to accomplish whatever project we undertook! He was also very involved in our lives on and off campus and was very, very, down-to-earth and did everything he could to make sure no one dropped out of school and stayed to the very end. He will truly remain one of the best to me! Cover page: Writing Assignments 1 & 2 William H Johnson Jr. Survey of the Sciences Week 1 Assignment 1 – Writing Assignment 1: Science in the media Date of assignment: 12/18/2013 Date turned in: 12/18/2013 Unit 1: writing Assignment 1. Science in the Media Title 1: Kids' Reading Success Boosted by Long-Term Individualized Instruction Results were based on studies and research carried out by scientists and psychologists, and teachers and...
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...PBT Exam Study Guide 1. Circulatory system (5-10%) a. Structure & Function i. Heart: muscular organ (size of adult’s closed fist), contractions push blood throughout body, average heart beats 60-80 times per minute, 4 chambers: 2 atria & 2 ventricles. * Right heart pump | * Left heart pump | (Deoxygenated) | (Oxygenated) | Right atrium | Left atrium | Tricuspid valve | Bicuspid valve | Right ventricle | Left ventricle | Pulmonary valve | Aortic valve | lungs | body | ii. Arteries: transports blood from right & left chambers to body; large arteries branch into arterioles; carry oxygenated blood (bright red); has thick elastic walls; pulse; located deep in muscles/tissues; highly oxygenated vessels that carry blood away from heart. iii. Veins: transports blood from peripheral tissues back to heart & lungs; large veins branch into venules in peripheral tissues; carry deoxygenated blood (dark red) back to lungs to release CO2; have thinner, bluish walls; have valves to prevent back flow of blood; located deep & superficially. iv. Capillaries: connect arterioles with venules via microscopic vessels; exchange O2 and CO2, nutrients, & fluids in tissue capillaries; pass waste products from tissue cells into capillary blood, then onto removal from body; carries mixture of arteriole & venous blood. Properties | Arteries | Veins | Capillaries | Thickness of vessel wall | Thickest elastic...
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...AYU-VOL. 30, NO. 2 (APRIL-JUNE) 2009, pp. 205-210 205 AYU-VOL. 30, NO. 2 (APRIL-JUNE) 2009 An Experimental Study on Hypolipidemic effect of some selected Rûksha Guna drugs SANGRAM MISHRA * R. R. DWIVEDI** B. RAVISHANKAR*** B. K. ASHOK**** Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. ABSTRACT : Âyurveda as well as Philosophies accepted the Guna as the basic entity of the Srishti. Gunas can be classified under various categories like Âdhyâtmika Guna, Gurvâdi Guna, Parâdi Guna, Vishistha Guna. For the treatment purpose Gurvâdi Gunas are widely used. Among them the Snigdha Guna and Rûksha Guna are widely used in the Samhitâs. This study has been carried out to establish the Rûksha property drugs on animals as a hypolipidemic effect on induced hyperlipidemia animals. The drugs selected were having Rûksha property by Rasa panchaka. The drugs were Vachâ (Acorus calamus Linn), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), Daruharidrâ (Berberis aristata DC), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre). All the drugs are having Lekhana property and Srotosodhaka karma due to Rûksha property. Based on this promise the test drug (Rûksha Guna) had been studied on various experimental models such as body weight, weight of liver, heart and kidney, food intake and faecal out put, water intake, total faecal fat content etc. The selected drugs are the representative of highest magnitude of Rûksha...
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...Mr. Galore was ordered by his doctor to take actions to reduce his blood pressure. Some of these actions include taking Lisinopril, having blood work done to check metabolic processes and cholesterol levels, to go on a cardiac diet with lower sodium, and to have a chest x-ray done to check his lung and heart status. To accomplish this, several members of the interdisciplinary team will need to be involved. To begin with, Mr. Galore was ordered by his doctor to take Lisinopril. So, the doctor automatically comes into play, because he is the one that makes this determination. Then, the charge nurse and the pharmacy come into the picture. In order for him to receive this medication, it will have to be ordered through the pharmacy. The charge nurse can order this medication and the pharmacy will have it delivered. Then, the nurse can administer this medication to the patient. If Mr. Galore has any questions or is visited by his friends, the unit secretary can help out in answering some of his questions or in directing his friends to the room where he is located. The next day, Mr. Galore is required to have blood work done. To do this, the patient care technician is needed to perform the procedure. After, the blood must be sent to the lab for further analysis. The lab technician is the important member here that will analyze the blood sample. Mr. Galore’s doctor ordered him to engage on a cardiac diet with low sodium. This request is sent to the registered dietician. The dietician...
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...Introduction: Atherosclerosis is defined as the hardening or narrowing of the arteries. This is caused by the formation of plaque within arteries, a fatty substance composed of cholesterol, calcium, and fibrin [1]. The formation of plaque within arteries restricts the blood flow through the arteries and to the rest of the body. When excess plaque is built up, a blood clot, or thrombus, may form on the surface or a piece of the plaque may fall off freely into the blood stream. In either case, a heart attack or stroke is likely to occur which are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in today’s world [7]. Atherosclerosis is known to be a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease that may begin development even in early...
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...NUR160 Ca Name: Jodi Wiak | Section: 160 | Instructor: Ms. Higgins | Dates of care: 4/1/14 | Week: 1st clinical | Name: Jodi Wiak | Section: 160 | Instructor: Ms. Higgins | Dates of care: 4/1/14 | Week: 1st clinical | General Survey | Age: 85 | Sex: F | Ethnicity: Caucasion | # of days since admission: 7d | Allergies: Latex PCN | Code Status: FULL CODE | Diet: TPN | Rationale: Small bowel obstruction and resection benefit TPN over tube feedings is that all the nutrition is delivered at a cellular level making it immediately available for the body to utilize rather than making the body breakdown and absorb nutrients in the GI tract. It makes it easier on the digestive tract by giving the GI a chance to rest and heal without causing more harm. The patient also has to expend energy to breakdown foods/nutrition through the GI tract. Getting it TPN conserves the much needed energy the patient needs to heal their tissues and gain strength. | Activity: bedridden w/slight mobility with a walker | Rationale: Post surgical abdominal surgery, pt age, weakness, and recent foot surgery limiting her mobility. | Behavior/Affect: My pt was anxious when I first arrived due to her elevated B/P, N&V, and pain intolerance. By the end of shift my patient was very calm and communicative. | Isolation: | Yes | No | Culture: ⦵ | Source: ⦵ | Type of Isolation: ⦰ ⦵ | Height: 5’ 7.5” | Weight: 133 | BMI: 20.5 (BSA 1.71) | General Survey | Age: 85 | Sex:...
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...J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 51:292-310). Studies have shown a significantly decreased risk for T2DM with the higher consumption of grain (particularly whole grain), and significantly increased risk with processed meat consumption (J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 51:292-310). Increased obesity is associated with insulin resistance. Other important factors contributing to insulin resistance include accumulation of omental fat and fat in the myocellular compartment, both of which can exist independent of degree of generalized adiposity. Insulin resistance may be associated with dyslipidemia comprising elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations, low concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, all of which...
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...substances) which travel around the blood stream and target certain organs, for example Adrenaline targets such organs as the heart and increases heart rate. Hormones are slower than neurotransmitters but they are more effective. GAS- General Adaption syndrome- Its called general because its how the body reacts to all stressors, Its adaption because its adaptive (it helps people survive by flight or fight) and its a syndrome because there are many symptoms to stress. Selye had a 3 stage model which has 3 stages Alarm- this is when the SAM and HPA pathways both open up, SAM is when the endocrine system releases adrenaline that increases heart rate, dilutes eyes and makes blood vessels constricts, The HPA creates more energy by releasing cholesterol that turns protein into glucose for extra energy. The second stage Resistance- This is when the body appears normal and heart rate reduces ect but its having a big effect on the body. The last stage is Exhaustion- This is when the body has been depleted of protein and can cause long term illnesses that are stress related (CHD) Chemotherapy- The use of antipsychotics to treat mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia have extremely high levels of dopamine and this can cause both negative and positive effects, the positive effects are things such as visual and aural hallucinations, the try to treat this by the use of conventional and atypical drugs, both which aim to change dopamine levels by blocking off receptors...
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...Company profile Akij Food and Beverage Ltd. “Brings Quality in Life”. 1. History: Akij Food & Beverage Ltd. (AFBL) a unit of Akij Group started its operation in the year 2006. AFBL manufactures a wide range of Snacks and Beverage for both National & International market alike. AFBL is a project worth $ 70 million& is funded by the parental company Akij Group. AFBL started its production at 400 bph in the carbonated soft drinks line and 300 bph in the juice line. In a span of one and a half years we have increased our capacity to 1800 bph. At present our capacity; one is at the ground breaking rate of 1900 bph. So in approximately three years time our capacity has increased three folds. During this same period most of our brands became either number one or are almost on the verge of becoming number one in their respective categories. Most of our machineries have been imported from world famous brands as Krones, Tetra Pak, Alfalaval, Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group went into manufacturing...
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...It is one of the only studies that compares techniques with side-by-side analysis. This gives greater accuracy and legitimacy of comparison than taking results from different studies and comparing them accordingly. The participants that took part in the study were any osteoarthritis patients that demonstrated pain symptoms particularly in the knee and hip. Four-hundred and forty patients were evaluated in this double-blind, randomized, four-arm, parallel-efficacy, multicenter equivalence drug trial that lasted twenty-four weeks. The primary efficacy variables measured were active body weight-bearing pain that was measured by a graphic analogue scale and a WOMAC pain and functional exertion “Likert” score measurements for the knee and hip areas of the body. Several patients were given the traditional Ayurvedic...
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