...It does this through the blood streams which contain red blood cells which collect and transport the oxygen to the cells. Bronchitis is a disease that can affect the respiratory system. There are two types of bronchitis; acute which affect you for 2 to 3 days and chronic bronchitis which can affect you for 3 months and 2 years straight and that means you have been diagnosed with (COPD) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bronchitis interferes with the respiratory system by narrowing the air passage by inflaming the air way which means a greater amount of mucus will be produced. Too much mucus built up can block the passage which results in complicating breathing. To prevent acute or chronic bronchitis is that if you smoke quit or if you don’t smoke then don’t start. You can also inhale steam or have a warm bath or take a tablet of paracetamol, another way is to have a teaspoon of honey at night. Acute bronchitis can be treated with antibiotics and steam for block noses so you could breathe and also drink a lot of water and rest. Chronic bronchitis can be treated by antibiotics that include and...
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...Blaser 3. SCRAPBOOK Antibiotics works well against COPD exacerbations Nurse.com published on Sept. 5, 2011 published findings of a study funded by the National Heart and Lung Institute.(http://news.nurse.com/article/20110905/ED02/309050030) The clinical study found that by adding the antibiotic Azithromycin, 250 mg daily in addition to the daily treatment regimen of the COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary) patient; acute COPD exacerbations decreased; which was the objective to the study. COPD Exacerbations: are sudden and present with labored breathing, wheezing, coughing accompanied with excessive phlegm production, precipitated by either viral or bacterial infections. This was an experiment; a longitudinal (in a one year time span) observational study. The population was the total of COPD participants in the study. One group of the population; 570 patients was prescribed 250 mg of Azithromycin daily plus their regular regimen. The other group; 572 COPD patients, only received their usual care and regimen. The objective was addressed. The 570 participants taking Azithromycin and receiving usual care averaged 1.48 acute exacerbations. The 572 participants, who received only their usual care without antibiotics, averaged 1.83. The reduction in...
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... * Chronic Bronchitis * Emphycema * Lung Cancer Signs and Symptoms Lung Cancer * Chronic Cough - A cough that you have had for a month is chronic. This is an important early symptom. It tells you something is wrong with your respiratory system. * Shortness of Breath - Shortness of breath that doesn’t go away after exercising, or that you have after little or no exertion, is not normal. Labored or difficult breathing – the feeling that it is hard to breathe in or breathe out - is also a warning sign. * Chronic Mucus Production - Mucus, also called sputum or phlegm, is produced by the airways. It is a defense response to infections or irritants. If your mucus production has lasted a month, this could indicate lung disease. * Wheezing - Noisy breathing or wheezing is a sign that something unusual is blocking your lungs’ airways or making them too narrow. * Coughing up Blood - If you are coughing up blood, the blood may be coming from your lungs or upper respiratory tract. Whatever the source of the blood, it is a sign of a health problem. * Chronic Chest Pain – Unexplained chest pain that lasts for a month or more – especially if it gets worse when you breathe in or cough – can also be a warning sign. Choronic Bronchitis * Chronic bronchitis, a long-term inflammation of the bronchi (large airways), is characterized by coughing productively over a long period of time. Emphycema * Emphysema, a chronic lung...
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...small amount of mucus, shortness of breath (which made her decided to go to the ER). b) Her tests showed that she was positive for Influenza A (which is the most common cause of pneumonia in adults), also her x-ray findings stated there were scattered small patches of density shown in the lungs which indicates there was a lot of mucus. c) Ways Evelyn could have prevented getting pneumonia was to get a flu vaccination, wash her hands often, stay away from people who are sick, and to keep her hands away from her face. d) Although antibiotics won’t help treat pneumonia the doctor sent her home with antibiotics to keep the flu virus from spreading in her body. e) The doctor would most likely check and see if Evelyn may have bronchitis or tuberculosis. Why he would check on theses diagnosis is because coughing up blood and a month later still having the same symptoms is not a normal thing. 2. Soccer Cough a) Symptoms Jeremy displayed were coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue during exercise, and poorer than expected athletic performance. Medical tests that helped the doctor confirm that Jeremy has EIA were the spirometry tests and the oximetry tests. b) It is estimated that 80 to 90 percent of all individuals who have allergic asthma will experience symptoms of EIA with vigorous exercise or activity. For teenagers and young adults this is often the most common cause of asthma symptoms. (AAFA, 2005). c) Goals to help EIA are to do a 10-minute warm-up...
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...disorders? Taking over the counter medications for any condition can be dangerous, but particularly so for pulmonary disorders. Three problems that stand out and must be addressed are, overdose, side effects and adverse reactions to other medication or treatments one may be taking. Some are minor in nature and others are extremely serious and dangerous and may in extreme cases result in death. Overdose may be the most serious. The phenomenon that many think spurs this. Serious overdoses and abuse of medications occur as a result. Medications for temporary relief of coughs caused by bronchitis, and other breathing illnesses works by thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, clearing congestion, and making breathing easier. Some side effects and adverse reactions to over the counter pulmonary medications are addressed here. For example, Musinex D is used to treat bronchitis but may cause GI problems such as upset stomach, nausea and diarrhea. Another is Guafenesin, used to thin mucus may result in drowsiness, headaches, and anxiety attacks which may increase heart rate, caused breathing difficulty and dizziness insomnia. Naturally one must be careful and aware of such adverse effects before using any over the counter medications. Because as mentioned earlier there are definite dangers. Some impair work performance, driving and equipment operation. These conditions may result in serious mistakes in judgment, or accidents which may be fatal. References: http://www...
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...An Introduction to Guasha(yuan dynasty) Gua means “to scrape” and Sha means “red skin rash” (in other words, the result of the Gua).So The essence of Guasha is the scraping of the back and other areas to release blocked Qi (energy) and to cure other illnesses. When is Gua Sha used? Gua Sha is used whenever a patient has pain whether associated with an acute or chronic disorder. It can resolve musculo skeletal pain, Gua Sha is used to treat as well as prevent common cold, flu, bronchitis, asthma, as well as any chronic disorder involving pain, congestion of Qi and Blood. Where is Gua Sha applied? Sha is raised primarily at the surface of the body: the back, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and limbs. On occasion, Gua Sha is applied at the chest and abdomen. How is Gua Sha applied? Doctors their patients to find areas that feel tight. They then rub them with a spoon or similar tool until they turn red. “Essentially, you are scraping the restriction in their skin,” What kind of instrument is used to Gua Sha? A soupspoon, coin, or slice of water buffalo horn is used in Asia. I have found that a simple metal cap with a rounded lip works best and is by far more comfortable to the patient. What does the type of Sha indicate? The color of the Sha is both diagnostic and prognostic. Very 1.light colored Sha can indicate Deficiency of Blood. 2.If the Sha is purple or black, the Blood stasis is long-standing. 3.If brown, the Blood may be dry. 4.Dark red...
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...COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Angelia Alleyne HCS/245 May 4, 2015 Professor Lori Olson COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a long-term disease that causes breathing problems. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD, however, is a heterogeneous collection of diseases with differing causes, pathogenic mechanisms, and physiological effects. Therefore a comprehensive approach to COPD prevention will need to address the complexity of COPD. Advances in the understanding of the natural history of COPD and the development of strategies to assess COPD in its early stages make prevention a reasonable, if ambitious, goal. Prevention can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary (Rennard, Drummond, 2015). The term COPD is used to describe certain diseases that partially block airflow in the lungs. The most common kinds of COPD include: Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis and other diseases. Emphysema can cause damage to the alveoli that cannot be cured; this is the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen is put into your blood. With emphysema your lungs become less able to take in good air and get rid of carbon dioxide. Chronic bronchitis occurs when the airways in the lungs become swollen; this causes more mucus than normal to be made in the lungs. The swelling and increased mucus can cause the airflow to become partially blocked. Chronic...
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...2010 Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) Sammy Osei MPA/Healthcare Management Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) 2 INTRODUCTION Medicare, an entitlement program that provides healthcare benefits to seniors over 65 years old, patients with disability and those suffering from end stage renal diseases, contributes enormously to the rising cost of care in the United States. Key cost drivers within Medicare are the leading chronic diseases and its risk factors. This program plan institutes preventative educational and training programs to help minimize and alleviate ailments associated with major chronic diseases and its risk factors. The plan identifies demographic groups affected by leading chronic diseases, specifies target stakeholders, and justifies how their contribution impacts the program. This plan outlines program case statement detailing the mission, goals, objectives, organizational history and structure as well as plans devised for fundraising. The plan does a thorough problem analysis to identify unmet needs necessitating this intervention plan. This P Plan presents a financial statement that describes the tax status of the P-Plan and reports a year’s budget estimate with relevant financial policies that justifies and strategically integrates budget with objectives, goals and mission to ensure fiscal accountability and responsibility. A human resource structure is illustrated in this P-Plan detailing list of positions and...
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...Years of college and constant social exposure has allowed me to gain insight on my own personality as well as to expand on my social skills. The fundamental nature of effective communication is based on emotions. On a personal level I was fortunate to have been given opportunities for introspection, which I believe instilled within me immense emotional intelligence. As a working professional I am able to utilize those attributes to create a productive working environment as well as to alleviate the emotional and physical pain and suffering of my patients. I am faced on a daily basis with patients who are frustrated and angry with the world because of their inability to communicate and provide self care secondary to a debilitating, chronic or acute disease. I am at times angered...
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...Chronic Diseases Your Name Class Name Date Instructor Name Chronic Diseases Cancer is a major cause of death in developed countries such as the United States. Over twenty percent of all deaths are caused by cancer of some type, although the percentage can be higher at younger ages. It makes sense to try to avoid developing cancer in the first place, especially since the treatments are often only partially effective and frequently almost as unpleasant as the disease itself. After many years of research and spending billions of dollars researchers have still not found what causes cancer. When it comes to risk factors you can control some of them, but not all of them. Those you can't control can include genetics or family history. The environmental exposures or behaviors that occurred in a person’s past should also be considered when determining risk factors. Those you can control include your current and future behavior, including diet and exercise, and your current and future environmental exposures, Risk factors are not absolutes, having one or more risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer, and avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy. Genetic risk factors include certain mutation of genes that can make cells unstable, therefore a higher chance of getting cancers such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Diet and exercise can become risk factors for cancer. There are changes a person can make in their life to lessen the risk...
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...1] Discuss the role the educator has to play with regard to child abuse. The role of the teacher »The teacher has an important role to play with regard to child abuse. »Identification of the abused child. The teacher must be able to recognise all the physical and behavioural symptoms that indicate abuse. »Identification of the abusive adult. The teacher should be on the lookout for behavioural characteristics in a parent that could indicate that their child is at risk of abuse. »The teacher should keep written records of all observations about suspected or actual abuse. Reporting of Child Abuse »Record the child's version of the event, in their own words, as soon as possible. »The first report is important evidence. This is the statement of the person to whom the child first reported the abuse. The teacher should make a written note so that it can be accurately recalled in legal proceedings. »The teacher should report suspicions to the principal and social worker, doctor, nurse, police so proper investigation can be done. »The teacher should never confront parents themselves, this could: •anger the parents •destroy the teacher-parent relationship •increase the abuse »Several critical things the teacher should provide so they develop a sense of wellbeing to progress beyond abuse. •Trust •Predictable routines •Consistent behaviour •Safe boundaries •Confidence •Good communication 2] According to Reddy and Tobias (1994:20), the term "Health...
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...Introduction In this assignment the author is going to explore and critique the article “School Nurses in New Jersey: A Quantitative Inquiry on Roles and Responsibilities” (Appendix 1). Main Body The author feels that the title of the critique article is limited. It does not clearly identify the methodology used for gaining the information throughout the article. It does however state the method of research used which in this case is quantitative research which would be beneficial knowledge when reading the article. In the authors opinion it is a very broad title that does not interest the reader to continue to read it. There is no heading to identify the abstract which in the authors opinion makes it difficult to know where to begin or end reading. The abstract differs from the what the title states as it does not mention the exact role of the nurse instead it mentions the efforts brought about by school nurses to benefit the students. The abstract is brief however it mentions the number of schools included in the study which would be beneficial to the reader. The article states the sample number of schools is 63 which in the authors opinion is hard to make a realistic or accurate study as it is a low number in relation to the number of schools in New Jersey. In relation to the problem, the author feels it has not been stated clearly. The opening paragraph only states the changes and challenges that school nurses are facing but not the actual problem this is causing...
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...Introduction It is well known that people suffering from chronic diseases have major impact in the healthcare delivery systems, including the elderly population over the age of 65. With the advances in technology combined with the aging population, more people are living longer with chronic diseases. Longer life expectancies count for higher costs in healthcare for the treatment, management and prevention of further complications arising from chronic diseases. The third most common chronic disease of the older adults is Parkinson’s disease. It is a debilitating disease affecting a person’s motor ability, causing tremors, rigidity, akinesia or slow movement, and postural instability. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 500, 000 individuals in the United States suffer from Parkinson’s Disease, and it is estimated that males are more often affected than females. Parkinson’s disease has a large economic impact and directly affects medical costs, as well as the affecting the person financially, such as lost wages and decreased productivity. According to a recent interview with a client suffering from PD over the course of ten years, the disability directly impacted his personal life, financial status, and family members. The next discussion talks about how the patient learned about his disease and the personal impact it created at the beginning of the disease process until the peak onset later in his life. How the patient learned about his disease During the...
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...Demographics on Patients Requiring Long-Term Care HCS/490 Ada Martin February 4, 2013 Cindy Perkins Populations around the world are aging, and more people are living with the effects of serious chronic illness toward the end of their lives. Meeting their needs presents a public health challenge. Better palliative care practices are needed to help those involved in planning and supporting care-oriented services most appropriately and effectively suited to the elder care needs. Long-term care encompasses a wide assortment of medical, social, personal, supportive and specialized housing services needed by individuals who have lost some capacity for self-care because of a chronic illness or disabling condition. With long-term care needs and, services are wide-ranging and complex, statistics studies vary from study to study. A report prepared by the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging (February 2000) described long-term care as follows: “It [long-term care] differs from other types of health care in that the goal of long-term care is not to cure an illness, but to allow an individual to attain and maintain an optimal level of functioning…” The first estimated yearly percentage contribution of an aging population development to rise in price for the periods of 1975 through 1990 and anticipated their probable development between 1990 and 2005. Comparable outlines of change are given an account for the hospital, physicians, and other sectors. Predictable demographics influences...
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...treatment and adherence to regimens. Quality of Life measures the overall sense of optimal health and coping mechanisms incorporating the positive and negative challenges encountered. This can include physical, mental, sexual, and social self-perceived health status. Quality of Life can also reflect freedom from disease symptoms and the ability to perform daily activity with minimal compromise. Quality of Life and health status have been used interchangeably by some researchers, but are regarded as separate measures by others. For example, according to Smith, Avis, & Assmann (1999) QOL has been examined as an outcome measure, and is an important endpoint in medical care. However, its definition still lacks clarity, especially in chronic disease. A Health Status Outcome (HSO) is an outcome or end result of medical care given, while in QOL, physical functioning and psychosocial variables are evaluated (Smith et al., 1999) These authors state, “QOL and health status are distinct constructs. When rating QOL, patients give greater emphasis to mental health than to physical functioning. This pattern is reversed for...
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