...International's Trafficking Programme comprises three elements: campaigning to end human trafficking, lobbying for victim protection, and research on measures governments take to protect victims of trafficking, especially those who act as witnesses. The web site provides information about both current and historical slavery operations. The UN Global Programme Against Trafficking in Human Beings <http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html> The Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings (GPAT) assists Member States in their efforts to combat trafficking in human beings. It highlights the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and promotes the development of effective ways of cracking down on perpetrators. The GPAT's' overarching objective is to bring to the foreground the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and to promote the development of effective criminal justice-related responses. UNICEF <http://www.unicef.org/protection/> UNICEF is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. UNICEF is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child and strives to establish children's rights as enduring ethical principles and international standards of behavior towards children. Trafficking of children is one of their focus areas. UN GIFT : Global...
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...Conan Doyle was on to something when he created Sherlock Holmes. In Stanton O. Berg’s article, “Sherlock Holmes: Father of Scientific Crime and Detection,” the author believes that “the famous sleuth had a decided stimulating influence on the development of modern scientific crime detection” (446). Holmes was indeed a dramatic representation of the investigative curiosity of the time period. Berg cites criminologists of the era who were either inspired by Doyle’s fictional character, leading them to their own discoveries in forensic science, or who were driven to start implementing Holmesian methods within professional police forces (448). A review of Sherlock stories reveals that almost every one of the forensic techniques utilized by police forces today is touched upon in one form or another. In E.J. Wagner’s book The Science of Sherlock Holmes, such methods included the examination of dirt, cigar ashes, blood stains, fingerprints and a dabbling in ballistics among others. Part of the lure of Sherlock Holmes is that readers are captivated by the iconic nineteenth century detective’s innate abilities in solving his cases so seamlessly. In essence, he is the perfect intellectual model for analytical ability and razor edge wit. How then, is Holmes able to utilize the powers of his mind so well? One path to understand this is to investigate the cognitive strengths that he brings to a crime scene. These comprise of his observation and deduction skills, memory, specialized knowledge...
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...Beshears, Laura: Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Journal of American Culture (33:3) [Sep 2010] , p.197-206. Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Laura Beshears. The Journal of American Culture. Malden: Sep 2010. Vol. 33, Iss. 3; pg. 197, 10 pgs Abstract (Summary) Prohibition, which came into effect in July of 1920 with the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment, also illustrated the progressives' idealism, as many believed that the elimination of alcohol, because it allegedly created "poverty, marital distress, and negligence," would cleanse society (Mordden 141). [...] the birth of the radio and the movies as well as the development of flight induced excitement and fostered a vision of a society engaged in perpetual technological advancement (Mordden 47). [...] Horatio Alger, Jr. and his late nineteenth-century books- portraits of men who, born underprivileged, rose to wealth and success through hard work, honesty, self-confidence, commitment, and a bit of luck (Weiss 53-54) - characterized the progressive spirit, as it encouraged people to work hard for a better future and for the fulfillment of the American dream. Full Text (5892 words) Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Sep 2010 "You don't need to be ordering fancy duds," Frankie Rio advised his boss as a tailor took measurements of Capone's swollen physique at the Lexington Hotel. "You're going to prison. Why don't you...
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...future in fighting crime. The responsibilities of the state and local police are to fight crime by enforcing the law, apprehended offenders, prevent crime, and preserve the peace among societies. On September 11, 2001 police responsibilities changed because of the attack on the United States. State police expanded their responsibilities to fight terrorism, new laws, and new types of crimes. The criminal justice system has two main aims, which are to manage crime and to guarantee due process. This paper will discuss past, recent, and future trends, contemporary issues that are affecting the criminal justice system, and the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends In the 1960’s the general downward crime rates that been marked since the 1930’s came to an end. Crime report rose, more arrests were being made, lawmakers started passing tougher laws that increased penalties, cases prosecuted by the court increased, more people was placed in prisons and jails, or placed on probation or parole, and spending by the government grew for criminal justice institutions. The Federal Government changed in an effort to fight crime. In the 1960’s, the use of illegal drugs became widespread. The government responded with broad programs with arrests, large numbers of incarceration, blocking illegal transport over the borders, working with other countries to stop criminal organizations, and making an effort to reduce demand for drugs. In the 1980’s crimes commit by juveniles...
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...Abstract Universities and College campus are a hot topic because every year they attract and house hundreds of thousands of not always quite mature teens and young adults. The perception is that the Campus Carry Law will not be very effective and could quite possibly back fire on innocent faculty and student body members, victimizing anyone who may come in contact with one of these radically violent individuals intent on harming people. (2015) Arrigo Bruce and Acheson Austin Contemporary Justice Review, Concealed carry bans and the America college Campus. Statistically numbers are down when looking back over the past couple decades. Since 1990 there have been 143 school shooting related instances and over 450 deaths and injuries. (2006) Norton Elia and Jennifer Ansier, USA Today, Behind the Bloodshed. The very fact any person could possibly be murdered or injured by another person at any moment in America has always been known and terrifies the majority of citizens. Like many Americans I have to ask, what we can do as a Nation, one unit, to better insure the public safety of every individual. To understand this problem we must go to the root. The American System and its five sets of institutions which ultimately control American way of life. The five institutions are legal, political, economic, educational and sociocultural. All of which too often combine to leave our efforts short of progression. Introduction The issue with gun laws and the legal system have to do with the...
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...Collar Crime Angela L. Langley LEG 200 – White Collar Crime in Government, Business, and Labor Professor Thomas Demko Strayer University May 28, 2012 Assignment 1: Types of White Collar Crime A white collar crime is illegal and unethical, which violates the public trust. It deals with lying, cheating, and stealing by high profile individuals. A single con can destroy a business, hurt families by cleaning out their life savings, or cost investors billions of dollars. “Devastating losses in relation to homes, businesses, jobs, retirement funds, and college savings were widespread. “It was clear that fraudulent misrepresentations on many levels were at the center of this crisis” (Friedrichs, 2010, p. 1). We will compare and contrast the nature of white collar crime with other types of illegal acts, compare and contrast the typical participants of white collar crime against the participants of other types of illegal acts, discuss the role of technology in white collar crime and how its role may create differences from other forms of crime, and analyze the role of opportunity and how it contributes to white collar crime. Compare and contrast the nature of white collar crime with other types of illegal acts. The key elements of white collar crimes are trust and its violation. “White collar crimes take on the form of misrepresentation, stealing, misappropriation, self-dealing, corruption, and role conflict” (Friedrichs, 2010, p. 10). White-collar crimes have...
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...Understanding Crime Trends in Dhaka city Literature Review In this modern technological sphere of human civilization ‘crime’ does not have any certain or universal definition. Though some the sociologists and criminologists have given some definition. In short, the deviation of law considered as crime. While every crime violets the law, not every violation of the law can traced as crime. In the modern forms of crimes, mostly evolve centralizing the urbanization process. The rapid urbanization process and crime conduction has some intimate relationships. Since urbanization process heavily influence the socioeconomic condition of the third world country, so there could be the possibility of having different trends of crime. Rapid urban settlement is the feature of contemporary urbanization process in Bangladesh. Dhaka city turned into the center hub of all possible crime and criminal activity. So, how urbanization process could be integrated to understanding crime trends in Dhaka city, as well as overall crime scenario of Bangladesh, we will be looking for it. The study will cover major trends of crimes in the past years, for coming days. Simultaneously how crime trends could possibly be changed, with the socio-economic variables related to crime in urban areas. The following literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support the objectives of the study. In a research article by J. Walker, et al. (1990) was emphasized on the sectors and trends though. Australian rates of crime are in...
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... This resolution may be cited as the `Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution'. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) The Armenian Genocide was conceived and carried out by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923, resulting in the deportation of nearly 2,000,000 Armenians, of whom 1,500,000 men, women, and children were killed, 500,000 survivors were expelled from their homes, and which succeeded in the elimination of the over 2,500-year presence of Armenians in their historic homeland. (2) On May 24, 1915, the Allied Powers, England, France, and Russia, jointly issued a statement explicitly charging for the first time ever another government of committing `a crime against humanity'. (3) This joint statement stated `the Allied Governments announce publicly to...
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...For the academic journal, see Criminology (journal). For the Raekwon song, see Criminology (song). Criminology and penology Pentonvilleiso19.jpg Theory[show] Types of crime[show] Penology[show] v t e Sociology Social Network Diagram (segment).svg History Outline Portal Theory Positivism Antipositivism Functionalism Conflict theories Social constructionism Structuralism Interactionism Critical theory Structure and agency Actor-network theory Methods Quantitative Qualitative Historical Mathematical Computational Ethnography Ethnomethodology Network analysis Subfields Conflict Criminology Culture Development Deviance Demography Education Economic Environmental Family Gender Health Industrial Inequality Knowledge Law Literature Medical Military Organizational Political Race & ethnicity Religion Rural Science Social change Social movements Social psychology Stratification STS Technology Urban Browse Bibliography Index Journals Organizations People Timeline v t e Three women in the pillory, China, 1875 Criminology (from Latin crīmen, "accusation"; and Greek -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. ...
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...Finding the Root Causes of Crime Crime prevention is not a new idea. In fact, most police forces have been actively engaged in crime prevention activities for a number of years, and their efforts are increasingly being supplemented by volunteer based neighborhood and community initiatives. What is new is the emerging tendency to shift away from an exclusive focus on police based approaches in favor of a broader conception of how to prevent crime. The result is a number of new possibilities for delivering on the promise of crime prevention, and the emergence of a number of new participants in the area of prevention activities. One example of this new development is the direct participation of municipal governments in the organization of crime prevention structures and the delivery of crime prevention services and activities. The involvement of municipal governments in the area of crime prevention has been spurred by the popularity of municipal crime prevention councils in Europe (especially in France), and by the successes of locally organized and community-based initiatives in North America. In both cases, the involvement reflects a sense that, whatever crime prevention is, the police cannot do it alone. Moreover, there is a growing awareness that crime prevention is an inherently political domain: citizens are increasingly vocal about where and how scarce municipal resources are allocated in the “war” on crime, and politicians are increasingly being held accountable for the...
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...INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CRIME: AN ANALYSIS 1.Introduction In the era of technology all activities are being conducted with the help of technology in all over the world. Now it is considered that ‘information is power’ and so the widely used term ‘information’ is combined with ‘technology’ that encompasses the term ‘information technology’. Information technology generally means processing and distribution of data using computer hardware and software, telecommunications and digital electronics. So the common medium of information technology is computer, internet, and mostly used cellular phone. This system helps us take the optimum benefit from this ‘Global Ocean of knowledge’ that much our every day needs. The strength of internet in which everybody’s knowledge is open for use by everybody within a global village for better living standards. On the other hand crime is a social and economic phenomenon and is as old as the human society has become a legal concept and has the sanction of the law. So in combination the term of information technology and crime if positive relation then makes a definition that information technological crime is those facts which is made by digital way getting economical and social benefit illegally and legally prohibited by law, on the other hand if opposite relation then make definition is a method if reducing crime by digital way in the digital era. From the view of positive technology stimulates not only a free trade and economic...
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...in consideration of the recent times, especially in this ‘postmodern’ era, where society is becoming more open to the discourse and discussion of the deconstruction of our many traditional and long established components of civilization, such as our typical ‘correctional’ establishments, or prison facilities (Davis 2000). In fact, there is already what is commonly referred to as the ‘prison abolition movement’ which is a collective, but not necessarily organized, worldview that is inclined to subscribe to the belief that a society can function better without prisons, and without prisoners thus. This position is backed up by a comprehensive set of criticisms against the modern form or structure of the criminal justice mechanism, which is argued to be predominantly predisposed allow racism (Davis 2007), sexism and reinforcement of the disadvantages of being part of the lower economic class of the society. More importantly, the anti-prison discourse argues that the prison system is an ineffective and costly means of preventing crime and rehabilitating the criminals, and thus goes to advocate alternative forms of Penalty such as those related to community service. Such a worldview is believed to have at least influenced the change in correctional policies of state governments in the last half decade, probably in...
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...or other compensation. A person exercising prostitution called prostitute. Prostitution is one of the jobs and social phenomena that responds to human sexual desire, and in many cases, the need for affection and understanding, seeking relief from loneliness and isolation, especially in the big cities. Prostitution is included within the so-called "victimless crimes", i.e. those committed by adults with legal capacity whose behavior does not harm anyone or does not affect the rights of third parties. It is a voluntary transaction for sexual services in exchange for money. This occurs because the parties involved in it expect to obtain mutual satisfaction. Otherwise, the business relationship would not take place. Prostitution, a universal reality, remains a pending issue for most advanced democracies, specifically in the United States. Some countries have tackled the problem from different points of view, with more or less success, but the answer is not simple. There is a huge need to pose prostitution as a legal job and decriminalize it in order to increase control and protection of women. Prostitution should not be a crime. Prostitutes are not committing an inherently harmful act. While the spread of disease and other detriments are possible in the practice of prostitution, criminalization is a sure way of worsening the issue rather than addressing its effect. "Lawrence v. Texas." Oyez. Chicago-Kent College of Law at Illinois Tech, n.d. April 14, 2016. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2002/02-102 ...
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...Biography of Nick Joaquín (1917-2004) Posted on September 15, 2010 by Pepe Nicomedes "Nick" Joaquín This is the best biography of Nick that I’ve encountered so far… The 1996 Ramón Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts BIOGRAPHY of Nick Joaquín Resil B. Mojares He was the greatest Filipino writer of his generation. Over six decades and a half, he produced a body of work unmatched in richness and range by any of his contemporaries. Living a life wholly devoted to the craft of conjuring a world through words, he was the writer’s writer. In the passion with which he embraced his country’s manifold being, he was his people’s writer as well. Nick Joaquín was born in the old district of Pacò in Manila, Philippines, on September 15, 1917, the feast day of Saint Nicomedes, a protomartyr of Rome, after whom he took his baptismal name. He was born to a home deeply Catholic, educated, and prosperous. His father, Leocadio Joaquín, was a person of some prominence. Leocadio was a procurador (attorney) in the Court of First Instance of Laguna, where he met and married his first wife, at the time of the Philippine Revolution. He shortly joined the insurrection, had the rank of colonel, and was wounded in action. When the hostilities ceased and the country came under American rule, he built a successful practice in law. Around 1906, after the death of his first wife, he married Salomé Márquez, Nick’s mother. A friend of General Emilio Aguinaldo, Leocadio...
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...largely the result of reading scores of articles about trials for crimes committed by union leaders and organized crime. As early as I can recall, I believed that you are judged by the company you keep. Therefore, my son was choosing to associate with the criminal element. As the initial conversation about David’s pursuit of union work comes to an end, my two selves are rejoined. If this had been a game of Poker, I would have lost this round of cards. However, I am comforted to know that I kept my tongue from starting small fires that might have blown back my way and burned the relationship with our son. Given our personal views and choices over David’s lifetime, our concerns are not a surprise to him. Perhaps his choice is bathed in rebellion? Only he knows. The job begins. He is working hard and paying his bills. We learn about the tension with full and part time hours. The majority of UPS’ package loaders are technically part-time workers that depend on overtime hours. We hear about the waiting period for health benefits to begin. He shares that he can’t cover his living expenses on his UPS salary, so he is seeking a second job. His union work remains the priority. When asked about our son and his work, what do I tell people? I’m comfortable mentioning UPS, but if they ask about whether or not he is training to become a driver, do I explain his focus on union work? Why do I think I owe people an explanation? Do my contemporaries share my impression of unions? I must confront...
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