...Representation of Masculinity through ads I chose the Gucci ad that has two handsome men in suits and another Gucci ad that has James Franco on it. Though these two ads are from the same brand, they advertise two different products, one being suits and the other being cologne. Nonetheless these two ads are selling products suited for men. In the article “Men and Women's Women: How TV Commercials Portray Gender to Different Audiences” Steve Craig states “My previous research (Craig, 1990, December) supports the argument that advertisers also structure the gender images in their commercials to match the expectations and fantasies of their intended audience” (Craig). Advertisers expect to sell a product using what the intended gender of consumers will understand. Through these ads women expect men to have a good job, to be manly, and also be attractive. Women’s perspective of men as well as men’s perspective of themselves is influenced by High end brands representation of masculinity; these brands advertise masculinity through occupations, physical characteristics, and sex appeal. A man’s job/occupation is a factor in defining masculinity and what it takes to be a masculine man. For instance if a man were a nurse then many people would say that his occupation is the opposite of masculine, but if that man were a firefighter or surgeon than suddenly he is masculine because of his job. In the essay “Masters of Desire: The Culture of American Advertising”, Jack Solomon discusses what...
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...Junot Diaz’s Drown short stories exemplify the struggles of a Dominican Republic immigrant in the United States to achieve the American Dream, the concept of racism and the idea of hyper masculinity pushed upon a young boy growing up. Moreno, Marisel. Debunking Myths, Destabilizing Identities: A Reading of Junot Diaz’s "How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie." Fall2007, Vol. 26 Issue 2. This article is presented with an essay which analyzes the short story "How to Date a Brown girl, Black girl, White girl, or Halfie," by Junot Diaz. It reflects on racial ethics and how one generation can affect another by embedding in our psyche that racism is the fault of our ancestors; as it is something that has been handed down from generation to generation. I chose this article because the racism that the characters faced within Drown is quite similar to the ones faced by immigrants in the United States. There is a racial and ethnic tension among blacks and Hispanics which in some cases turns violent. Examples of this can be found in the short story that gives the name to the novel: Yunior´s mother relates to him of the attacks of African Americans on Hispanics in their neighborhood. Oulahan, Cain W. “The American dream deferred: family separation and immigrant visa adjudications at U.S. consulates abroad”. Marquette Law Review. Summer2011, Vol. 94 Issue 4, p1351-1379. 29p This article expounds...
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...Lindsay Williams Literary Histories The Victorian novel Comparison of critical sources. Ann Bronte the Tenant of Wildfell Hall APR0055-1516 Tutor: Merrick Burrows 27.11.2015 This essay seeks to discuss, compare and contrast two preferred sources that carried out a critique of Ann Bronte’s, the tenant of wildfell hall. In order to compile a factually based discussion, a key area needed to be focused on, namely, how social changes affected the gender roles in the early 18th century (1832-48). Furthermore detailing how the change challenged traditions and ideologies of the then rather prominent English common law, and the normative principle’s that surrounded motherhood. The Critical sources that bear the utmost relevance to the challenging social content that the tenant demonstrated are Monica Hope Lee’s essay a mother outlaw vindicated: social critique in Ann Bronte’s the tenant of wildfell hall. Nineteenth century gender studies. (4.3), 1-12. And chapter 2 from, Macdonald, T (2015) the new man, masculinity and marriage in the Victorian novel. London: Routledge. Both critics, attempt to dichotomise the tenant of wildfell hall in order to get representative discourse that outlines the social changes in question, moreover they seek to disclose how Bronte summarises her own personal perception of gender ideals in the regency culture, and how she displays openness and vision, as opposed to becoming a shrinking wall flower hidden in the shadows of sporadic sunlight...
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...monologue. In such, he passionately argues for murder and anger as the solution to the neurosis of black people. In particular, he says to Lula, “You don't know anything except what's there for you to see. An act. Lies. Device. Not the pure heart, the pumping black heart.” That statement obviously shows a form of black identity, but to argue that this is the central message of the play, does not make sense. To many’s disbelief, Dutchman is not about a search for blackness and defining a socially distinct identity, it is about becoming a man in America. Masculinity defines the ideologies of black nationalists during this time and this is the character that Jones/Baraka is trying to articulate in Dutchman. In Dutchman, Lula and Clay mention the topic of manhood during the dialogue on the train. Clay questions what they are going to talk about “endlessly” and Lula replies “your manhood”. From this exchange in conversation, we can see that Baraka is trying to construct and define black “manhood”. This type of masculinity can be described as tough, assertive, uncompromising and virile in addition to separating ones self from weak and effeminized men. Baraka and the leaders of the Black Power movement associated themselves with such definitions of manhood in order to recuperate some degree of power over long time notions of subordination created by racism. In Clay’s monologue we see how he rejects and separates himself from the less masculine men. Amidst his rant of telling Lula how he...
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...Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that gender differences in educational achievement are primarily ‘the result of changes in wider society’ (30 marks) Girls have rapidly improved, compared to boys, in terms of educational achievement, as Item A states, since the 1980’s. In Key Stages 1-3, girls consistently do better than boys in writing subjects such as English; at GCSE, girls are 10 percentage more likely than boys to achieve five or more A*-C grades; at AS/A-level, girls are more likely to get higher grades. Additionally, at each stage of a pupil’s education, the gap gets narrower. Therefore, more girls go into higher education. However, this is not the case for boys as there are in changes in the both the education system and wider society. As item A suggests, there are many external factors resulting in gender differences in educational achievement. One factor is the impact of Feminism. Since the 1960’s, feminists have challenged patriarchy by creating the ‘Feminist Movement’. This has help to improve the rights of women, as well as raise expectations and the self-esteem of women. Although many would agree that true equality with males has not yet been achieved, women have now started to reject the traditional stereotypes of women such as the ‘mother and housewife role’. For example, in McRobbie’s study of girls’ magazines shows how girls view of themselves have changed. She found that in the 1970’s, girls emphasised the importance of getting married...
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...prediction that feminists would take to the warpath against his writings on the women arguing that Freud’s theories are “rife” with masculine prejudice (11). Other credible books, such as Samuel Slipp’s The Freudian Mystique raise important questions on Freud’s theories of feminism. Why did Freud make such grossly biased and incorrect statements about women, while in other areas he was a very perceptive and accurate observer? Slipp argues that it was Freud’s genius and his monumental discoveries in other areas of mental functioning that lent credibility to his theories on women (12). Some of the earliest disagreements about Freud’s feminine psychology had been voiced by the German female psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney composed a series of essays between 1922 and 1935 arguing against...
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...HUMA205PM: Term Paper A Portrait of Georgia O’Keeffe Kiki Carter Hebert AIU – Houston Abstract This paper will examine the life, legacy, and works of the famous painter Georgia O’Keeffe a noted artist who is arguably best known for her abstract works. It will explore the various media and techniques she used in three specific pieces. From her own words and the critiques of others, including an inexperienced person such as myself, this essay will expound upon Ms. O’Keeffe’s intentions and resolutions to the three pieces of Ms. O’Keeffe’s artwork which are outlined in this paper; Blue No. 2, Drawing XIII, and Series I White & Blue Flower Shapes. The American artist Georgia Totto O’Keeffe was born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin on November 15, 1887 (I was born on her 86th birthday, November 15, 1973). Born under the astrological sign of Scorpio, it is understandable that some of her work seemed sensual as Scorpios are said to be very sexual beings. In her own words, Georgia O’Keeffe explained her self perception as an abstract artist. “It is surprising to me to see how many people separate the objective from the abstract. Objective painting is not good unless it is good in the abstract sense. A hill or a tree cannot make a good painting just because it is a hill or a tree. It is lines and colors put together so that they say something. For me that is the very basis of painting. The abstraction is often the most definite form for the intangible...
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...Throughout this essay the main aim will be to convince the reader that gender is a social construct and is socially determined. This will be done by analysing evidence, both biological and social and showing how social research is much stronger and what we can learn from it. The ways in which society determines gender will be brought to light and then the main points which biologist thinkers tend to ignore will be explained. it will then be shown why and how this can effect not just women but men as well. By doing this the reader will understand relevant research, identify the key points of how gender is socially constructed and then finally be able to realise how this is effecting individuals lives and how it would be beneficial to some...
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...“Take It Like A Man” What do we get when we drop marginalized people, specifically homosexual men, into positions of social prominence? The answer, contradictory in its own right, is quite simple: martyrdom. The martyrdom of homosexual men in film and television stems from the idea that homosexuality is a perversion that must not be displayed publicly (“Homosexuality in Film”). To avoid total non-representation, characters are, instead, martyred. In many cases, which will be briefly explored in this essay, gay characters are victims of other people. In other cases, which will also be explored in this essay, gay characters experience a slow and torturous victimhood before ultimately taking their own lives or succumbing to some disease. The latter type of martyrdom in film and television can be more dangerous than the former because it normalizes the self-inflicted plight of the gay man. This sends a...
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...To avoid total non-representation, characters are, instead, martyred. In many cases, which will be briefly explored in this essay, gay characters are victims of other people and are killed. In other cases, which will also be explored in this essay, gay characters experience a slow and torturous victimhood before ultimately taking their own lives or succumbing to some...
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...English Literature Before 1790 Essay #21: Assess the role of the female characters in Oroonoko Feminist point of view and psychoanalysis Notes to LCY We change the focus now We talk about how the narrator tells more than stories She portrays 3 things - all paradoxical 1. Her position in the book – the implication of power in society, and her flip to author creating a superior position 2. Her uncertainty over female power – the flip 3. Her subordination (submission) – her paradoxical actions and her will (can also mention what she has seen) Focus on 3 things on how they affect the 3 things it portrays 1. Patriarchy 2. Oppression 3. Stereotyping When the French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir (1973) wrote “one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman” (p. 301), it raised the idea that instead of any biological, psychological, or economic causes, being a women is purely a social construction in a patriarchal society to oppress women. The use of the word “becomes” implies a voluntary submission that under a patriarchal settings, women embrace the stereotypical norms of what constitutes femininity, hence “become” a woman (Butler, 1986). Under such settings in a parochial society, the birth of Oroonoko highlights the paradoxical traits of female though its display of psychological struggles occurring between the main characters. Oroonoko, commonly regarded as the most famous book by the first English female professional writer Aphra Behn in 1680 (already...
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...Exam #1 Study Guide and Tips MGMT 301 Section DL1 & 001 The exam will have 25 multiple choice questions (3 pts each) and 2 short answer/essay questions (15pt & 10 pts). When you are responding to short answer/essay exam questions, keep the following in mind: • Use correct grammar, spelling and punctuation • Provide ample justification for all answers • Integrate knowledge gained from course material • Provide evidence for all assertions or claims • Apply course concepts Grading Short Answer/Essay Questions: Grades for written work will be awarded based on the level of understanding you demonstrate as follows: • A/A+ level: The correct explanation and application of concepts. Demonstrates an understanding of multiple factors that affect organizational behavior and integrates different levels of analysis in responses. Answer flows logically and is easily understood and concise • B/B+ Level: The correct explanation of the concepts along with a demonstrated ability to diagnose an applied situation using relevant course concepts. Answer flows logically and is easy to follow. • C/B- Level: Correct explanation and application of the concepts. • C-/D/F Level: Responses are partly or wholly missing or contain obvious mistakes You know you can improve your exam answer if: • You would have answered the questions in the same way before taking the course (i.e., no application of course concepts) • You do not provide a clear justification...
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...Prevalent Feminist Media Fallacies of Female Empowerment While many efforts have proven successful to halt them, the danger of pervasive toxic ideas still poses a large threat to the building of female character. Ideas and thoughts shape the way humans perceive and therefore experience life. Moreover, women have learned, and continue to learn how to hate their inherent qualities and some modern feminist ideals have not helped to resolve this. Surprisingly, an essay by Herbert Kohl titled Should We Burn Babar has brought this to my attention. To summarize his main idea, the Babar children’s book series, by Jean de Brunhoff, according to Kohl has powerful and potentially harmful negative influence on American children’s perspective of life,...
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...the society. Graffiti artworks are usually misunderstood by authority and it is regarded as an illegal activity for many years. The authority – especially government – play a special role on how graffiti is viewed by society. In the article “Art Crimes: The Governance of Hip Hop Graffiti” by Kara-Jane Lombard, which is published in 2013 in the Journal For Cultural Research, explores on various aspect of graffiti associating with the governance of neoliberalism. The government perspective towards defining graffiti as an artwork is yet to accomplish. Lombard concentrates on the governments three alternative approaches to deal with graffiti in relation to crime, crime control and, citizenship....
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...was placed on men) in order to draw attention to inequities in their portrayal in relation to men (in quantitative terms as well as in terms of the use of stereotypes). Since the 1970s, however, the scope of social constructionism has greatly expanded in feminist theory. Some suggest that the distinction between the biological and the social has, as a result, eroded to such an extent that it is no longer possible to understand the difference, while others question the need for this distinction. For instance, in queer and transgender theory and feminist cultural studies, theorists have sought to make strange the ‘sex/gender’ distinction. The key argument made is that biology is no less a cultural construct than gender socialization into masculinity and femininity. While the point is that biology, like gender, is thought to be socially constructed, that does not mean that there is no such thing as biology. While it is notoriously difficult if not impossible to identify exactly what is driven by biology or by culture, identity scholars insist that this is not the central question that needs to be asked. Instead, identity...
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