...Dengue (pronounced DENgee) fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection andyellow fever.An estimated 390 dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of the world, with the greatest risk occurring in:*.The Indian subcontinent*.Southeast Asia*.Southern China*.Taiwan*.The Pacific Islands*.The Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands)*.Mexico*.Africa*.Central and South America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina)Most cases in the United States occur in people who contracted the infection while traveling abroad. But the risk is increasing for people living along the Texas-Mexico border and in other parts of the southern United States. In 2009, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in Key West, Fla.Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in theirblood. It can’t be spread directly fromone person to another person.Symptoms of Dengue FeverSymptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include*.Sudden,high fever*.Severeheadaches*.Pain behind theeyes*.Severe joint andmuscle pain*.Fatigue*.Nausea*.Vomiting*.Skin rash, which appears two to five daysafter the onset of fever*.Mild bleeding (such...
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...1.1. Background Information Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors that cause the mosquito-borne disease such as Dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The cases of dengue are keeping increasing from time to time and this has made it become a serious international concern. Initially, in the 1950’s only 5 countries documented dengue but up until now the dengue cases were reported in more than 100 countries (Guha –Sapi & Schimmer, 2005). Dengue can be transferred when the mosquitoes infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 (WHO, 2014). There is no vaccine or any exact medication to treat dengue. In Malaysia, dengue fever cases are not something bizarre. Selangor is one of the states that had reported with high...
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...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
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...DENGUE FEVER REMEDY Pawpaw (Papaya) Leaf Juice Is A Natural Cure For Dengue Fever Remedy: Two (2) pieces of raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. Clean the leaves and pound and squeeze with a filter cloth. You will only get one tablespoon of juice per leaf. So, take two (2) tablespoons of Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice once a day. Do not boil, or cook, or rinse the leaves with hot water, as it will lose its strength. Use only the leafy part of the Pawpaw (Papaya) plant, and not the stem or sap. The juice is very bitter, and you have to swallow it. But it works. Simple and Effective – blend the leaves, squeeze the juice, drink immediately. Case Studies: 1. Male student was in a critical condition in the intensive care unit, when his blood platelet count dropped to 15, after a blood transfusion of 15-litres. The boy’s father was so worried that he sought a friend’s recommendation, and his son was saved. He gave his son the raw juice of the Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. From a platelet count of 45 (after a blood transfusion of 20-litres), and after drinking the raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice, his platelet count jumped instantly to 135. Even the doctors and nurses were surprised. After two days in hospital, the boy was discharged. 2. Adult female had a very serious case of Dengue Fever, her platelet count had dropped to 28,000 after 3 days in hospital, and water had started to fill up her lungs, causing difficulty with breathing. She was only 32 years old. Her doctor said there was no cure for...
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...Review Article 539 Dengue Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion—Changa Kurukularatne et al When Less is More: Can We Abandon Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Dengue Fever? Changa Kurukularatne,1,2MD, Frederico Dimatatac,1,2MD, Diana LT Teo,3MBBS, MSc, FRCPath, David C Lye,1,2,4 MBBS, FRACP, FAMS, Yee Sin Leo,1,2,5 M.Med (Int Med), FRCP, FAMS Abstract Dengue fever (DF) has several hematological manifestations including thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Prophylactic platelet transfusion—in the absence of major bleeding—is utilized in DF with thrombocytopenia with the intention of preventing hemorrhagic complications. However, prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF is neither standardized nor supported by clinical evidence. We conclude that risks, costs and poor resource utilization associated with prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF far outweigh any potential hematological benefit, and as such, should not constitute routine clinical practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40:539-45 Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Preventitive, Arbovirus, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Introduction Dengue fever (DF) is the most common mosquito-borne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyper-endemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century.1 With an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk and a global annual incidence of 50 million cases, DF has been identified as an example of a potential international public health emergency.2...
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...Science High School Faculty Submitted by Trevorha Kyle M. Basillote Leah Jeanette M. Lozano Lyrah Mae D. Enoc Jhanna C. Flores Nicole L. Constantino Mahonri A. Alquisalas January 26, 2016 Victorias City Background of the study The population of our country are mostly composed of students. And one of the responsibility of a student is to clean their school or classroom to be specific. They tend to use (commercial) floor wax to have a clean and shiny floor. So we decided to make a floor wax which is very affordable and can give an equal quality as the commercial can, using mainly banana peel, gasoline and candles. Some people get allergic reactions to the chemical contents of commercialize floor wax. At the same time the dengue cases in our country are still relevant. Aside from making a natural and affordable floor wax, we added a content of mosquito repellent which is the mint leaves extract. The banana is an edible fruit, botanically a berry, produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. We use banana peels as one of the main components of our floor wax because it gives "slippery effect" for greater friction. On the other hand, we use Mint Leaves Extract for Mosquito Repellent. Mint Leaves are any of a family (Labietae, the mint family) of aromatic plants with a square stem and a 4-lobed ovary which produces four one-seeded nutlets in fruit. The market is full of products like tooth paste, chewing gum, breath fresheners...
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...such as chronic liver disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In most rural areas a health care institution is often inaccessible and most patients cannot afford high cost medication. Henceforth, herbal medicines are often used as an alternative treatment. Inadequacy of providing supportive treatment to correct the decrease of platelet is fatal to patients. Thus, several decoctions of herbal plants are purportedly used to improve platelet count. Recently, the mortality rate in heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been reported as high as 20% (Greinacher & Lubanow, 2003). Retrospective data shows that up to 8% of heparinized patients will develop the antibody associated with HIT and that approximately 1–5% of patients on heparin will progress to develop HIT with thrombocytopenia suffering from venous and/or arterial thrombosis in at least one-third of cases (Warkentin et al., 1998). Heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications such as death and amputation which involves in both arterial and venous systems (Franchini, 2005). One of the popular diseases in the tropical country that is responsible for the drastic decrease in platelet count (thrombocytopenia) could be Dengue as reported by the Department of Health...
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...Facts about the Zika virus: Surge in birth defects- microcephaly suspected to be from Mosquito borne Zika virus in South America Suspected up to 4 million causes on this continent May also cause Guillian Barre – 2.3 cases per 1000 Zika cases Need a vaccine for Zika- can take over a year to develop Transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito – also transmits dengue fever and chikangunya virus WHO to determine if it should be considered a “public health emergency of international concern” No treatment Flu like symptoms- low fever, headache, joint pain, rashes Red Cross asking people who have traveled overseas to wait at least 4 weeks before donating blood (Larson, 2016) After watching the movie Contagion and researching articles on the Zika virus, I noticed some similarities and some differences. The virus in the movie was much more deadly and acute than the Zika virus, it was spread through human contact, and it caused worldwide panic. The Zika virus is being linked to other serious health concerns and in most cases only presents with mild symptoms. In both instances the WHO and CDC are scrambling for a vaccine. Both can be considered pandemics because they are infectious and affecting multiple continents. Primary prevention refers to the measures taken to prevent the disease or injury (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Primary prevention in the case of Zika would be getting rid of stagnant water, using insect repellent, restricting travel...
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...Larvicidal Potency of Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Stem and Leaf Extract against Mosquito Larvae Table of Contents Page Title Page 1 Approval Sheet 2 Acknowledgment 3 Table of Contents 4 List of Tables 5 Abstract 6 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS Introduction 7-8 Statement of the Problem 9 Research Objectives 9 Statement of the Hypothesis 10 Significance of the Study 10 Scope and Limitations 11 Definition of Terms 11-12 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Related Literature 13-16 Related Studies Foreign 16-18 Local 18-20 Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Marigold Leaf and Stem Extracts 21 Application of Marigold Leaf and Stem Extracts to the setups 22 Determination of effectiveness of the Marigold Extract 23 Experimental Designs 24 Schematic Diagram of the Research Methodology 25 Chapter 4 RESULTS 26 Chapter 5 DISCUSSIONS 28 Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29 Conclusion Recommendations BIBLIOGRAPHY 30-31 APPENDICES Raw Data Pictorials Curriculum Vitae List of Tables...
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...Possibility of Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaf Extract to Increase Platelet Count Background of the Study Nowadays, many people especially children under the age of 15 are suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever with about 2.5 billion (2/5 of the world population) are at risk and 50 million are infected worldwide annually, and a mortality rate ranging from 1 percent to 2.5 percent, for those who receive treatment. For those without treatment, the death rate could be 20 percent or higher. This viral illness is cause by a bite from a female Aedes Aegypti which lives in places that store water such as in the tires, bottles and cans. Dengue lowers the number of platelets in the blood and it may lead to bleeding or death since it cannot supply clotting due to thrombocytopenia (lower than normal number of platelets in the blood). In the Philippines, dengue is now one of the leading causes of the increase of mortality rate. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the country with more than 60,000 cases hospitalized and nearly 500 others died as of the year 2010 and it is said that it was the highest percentage ever recorded in the history of this problem in the country. It is thought to increase until the present time especially that today, weather is changing and El Niño phenomenon is occurring very often. Hence, the researchers came up of an idea on how to increase the number of platelets...
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...Introduction Dengue fever has become a common problem in the typical community. Its main cause being the clogged drains, unsanitary canals, and polluted surroundings. In these environments, the insect spreading dengue, Aedes aegypti, thrives. The researchers decided to focus on the root cause of the disease. The researchers would like to find an alternative, more economical method of exterminating them in their breeding places other than commercial insecticides. And in this pursuit to find a substitute, the researchers came across the guava fruit (psidium guajava), which had promising properties. (insert stuff about why we chose guava blahblah about properties….. use RRL for info.) The guava fruit was collected, osterized, soaked in ethyl alcohol, concentrated and evaporated to obtain a semi-solid extract. There were six blocks for replicates, five groups with 100mL water and different guava extract concentrations each – 3%, 5%, 8%, 12.5%, and 15% - and commercialized larvicide as positive control and one setup with dechlorinated water with 1mL ethanol. The commercial larvicide proved to be the most effective, but the guava extracts also have a positive effect on the larvae, though minimal. The study should be able to aid in the reduction of health problems brought about by Aedes aegypti. It may also help the community in controlling the mosquito population at an early stage by means of an eco-friendly larvicide. Not only will it be eco-friendly, it will also...
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... The essential oils that can be extracted from lemon and orange peel are the one that makes the mosquitoes fly away. Lemon and orange is basically known as a fruit that we can eat. We can also make other product with its citric acid and their peel in whitening skin and an insect repellant. An insect repellent is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Effective insect repellents can protect you from serious mosquito- and tick-borne diseases. In the United States, mosquitoes can transmit diseases like St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. Ticks can transmit serious diseases like Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Ehrlichiosis. I. Background of the study Today, lemon and orange are made not only for the fruit that it produces. The peel also can be useful and healthy for our body. It can also give some vitamins that our body need. It can also be useful in body whitening. Insect repellent is very common for making mosquitoes fly away. It can also help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease,...
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...Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region V (Bicol) Schools Division of Albay Bacacay East District Tanagan Elementary School Bacacay [pic] Science Investigatory Project presented to the Panel of Judges of 2015 Division Science Fair September 17, 2015 Camalig North Central School Camalig, Albay Presented by: ALEX BENDO Researcher ROCKY RABINO Research Adviser 2 Abstract Purpose One of the best ways to keep a yard clear of biting mosquitoes is to use a mosquito trap. When set up properly, just one or two of these ingenious devices can kill thousands of mosquitoes and all but wipe out a local population. The style of trap varies by brand, but generally they range from indoor units the size of air purifiers to large units that resemble barbecue grills. Some run on electricity, while others are powered by propane tanks. You can easily reduce the number of mosquitoes on your property with a plastic bottle trap that will attract and kill the mosquitoes. The liquid in each trap will last about two weeks, and then, it can be easily replaced. For increased effectiveness, place multiple traps around your house or property. Procedure Used Get a large 2 liter Coke/Pepsi/Fanta, etc plastic soda bottle. This is the kind that takes a couple of hands to hold onto. Empty the bottle by drinking or draining. Take the cap off and throw away. Just below the point where the neck of the bottle straightens out onto the body of the...
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...Rep. Isaac, Jason District 45 E1.414, Capitol Extension Texas of Representatives Austin, TX 78768 Dear Representative: A current problem/concern has occurred in my community lately and in need of attention to find the best solution. There has been an extreme increase of mosquitoes at the Missouri City Texas community areas. Due to these mosquitoes, there will be an increase chance of illness (west nile virus, malaria, dengue fever, dog heartworm and mosquito-borne diseases etc…..) that can lead to death, skin irritation, abrasion, allergy reaction etc. Parents, children, and community member will have to decrease outdoor activities. My propose is that Missouri city need to make sure that the adequate closed drainage treatment, control and maintain from the storm , drainage and sewage water against mosquitoes breathing. I have some information of my personal experience from the proposal to give you a better insight on the concern in my community. In my personal life experience, I have notice that there were significant decreases of outdoor activities in my children and others children in the neighborhood. When I hosted an outdoor fun event for my neighborhood, but due to so much mosquitoes the event was cancel earlier than it supposed to. Everyone in the party stated that the reason they would not allow their children out door was due to the increase of mosquitoes. I heard some family has move out of the areas due to increase of mosquitoes with open drainage and...
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...Toxicity tests of different plant crude extract on Mosquito Larvae by Martinez, Jose Djairus Mari C. Oclarit, Jaymee Navora, Jane Andrea Baquiran, Sushmica Cruz, Krystian Wilson Lee A special problem submitted to Ma’am Teodora Ballancod University of the Philippines Baguio in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Botany 109: Plant Taxonomy Department of Biology October 2011 Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Statement of Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Statement of Hypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Significance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Scopes and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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