...A2 Psychology: G543 Options Paper Exam Technique and Tips General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Technique/Advice * Choose the right questions A mistake made by some students is answering questions on a topic they haven’t studied! So ensure you firstly locate the two sections of the paper that you can answer questions on; Forensic and Health/Clinical. In each of these two sections, there will be a choice of four questions. You will only choose two questions per section, so pick which questions you are going to answer and cross out the others. Choosing which questions to answer may be difficult than it first appears because some questions may sound similar. You need to become familiar with the layout and wording of questions prior to your exam. * Know your timings For each question you...
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...Approach is that they believe the environment influences behaviour. An example of this behaviour would be social learning theory were it is believed that we learn through observing and imitating models such as parents this is known as environmental determinism. Another assumption of the Behaviourist Approach is that they believe scientific methods should be used only to study behaviour which is observable. They believe mental behaviour cannot be objectively measured, so choose to only study actions that can be observed, e.g. the learning of aggression via lab experiments by ‘Bandura’. 1b) Describe the Social Learning Theory of Aggression (8 marks) The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is learning through observing and imitating models such as parents or people in the media. It is a behaviourist theory because it can be tested in a controlled environment (laboratory) and conclusions from observations can be drawn, and behaviourists say we learn from our environment. Bandura (1977) also claimed that for social learning to take place individuals must undergo four stages. The first one being attention, individuals will learn the Aggressive Behaviour if they observe the model’s behaviour. Secondly, retention, the behaviour must be remembered in order for the individual to apply it. The third stage is reproduction: individuals must be able to reproduce the behaviour. And finally, motivation, individuals will display Aggressive behaviour if the expectation for reward is greater than the expectation...
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...A2 Psychology: G543 Options Paper Exam Technique and Tips General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Technique/Advice ...
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...The behaviourists believe that all behaviour comes from learning as a result of interactions in the environment. One assumption of the behaviourist approach is that behaviour is affected by operant conditioning or learning by consequence. This means that if a person engages in a particular behaviour and is then rewarded (positively reinforced) in some way (the consequence is a good one or a pleasant one) then it is likely it will be repeated. Continuing to positively reinforce it will make it more permanent and it becomes learned. Punishment or negative reinforcement is likely to make behaviour less likely to be repeated and so it will not be continued. There are many examples of this in real life. For example giving house points or stars or sweets to a pupil who completes their m homework means they will be more likely to complete their homework because they are being rewarded for doing it. Another assumption of the behaviourist approach is that behaviour is learned through social modelling or imitation. This means that people learn how to behave in particular ways by observing and copying the behaviour of others. They particularly copy the behaviour of people who they admire (eg pop stars or footballers) or people who are close to them (brothers, sisters and parents). An example of this is small children copying their parents when learning to use a knife and fork or shouting at others when they see their parents shout. Q1 b) Describe Social Learning Theory from the behaviourist...
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...your proposed project goals. These guidance notes provide you with an overview of the key areas that you need to address in order to successfully complete this TMA. 1. Situational analysis of your organisation (or one you are most familiar with) Provide a brief overview of your organisation to explain the business context eg. business goals, sector, size etc. Explore the importance of why effective recruitment and retention is important in supporting the achievement of organisational goals. Carry out a PESTLE analysis (template below) to demonstrate your skills in carrying out situational analysis to provide a broader context for your proposed project. This analysis should review the influence of key external factors and evaluate how they may impact on how effectively your organisation recruits and retains talent. Factor | Summarise the impact on your organisation’s ability to attract and retain talent | Political | | Economic | | Social | | Technological | | Legal | | Environmental/Ethical | | (You may import your completed PESTLE analysis into the body of your report - this would not form part of your word count) You could support your PESTLE analysis by applying other situational analysis techniques such as ‘Drill down’ (page 102 of your workbook) ; Porter’s 5 Forces (page 101 of your workbook) and the...
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...School/Portfolio: | The Business School | Course Code/ID: | BUMGT5921 | Course Title: | Organizations: Behaviour, Structure, Processes | Teaching Location: | Melbourne Institute of Technology | Program(s): | Master of Business Administration | Coordinator: | Dr Syed Uddin | Level: | Introductory | Semester: | 2/2013 | Prerequisite(s): | Nil | Corequisite(s): | Nil | Exclusion(s): | Nil | Credit Points/Progress Units: | 15 | ASCED Code: | 080307 | Adopted Reference Style APA 1 COURSE ORGANISATION: 1.1 Student Responsibility It is the responsibility of every student to be aware of the requirements for this course, and understand the specific details included in this document. For full details of programs and school procedures, please refer to the University of Ballarat handbook (http://www.ballarat.edu.au/future-students/handbook ) and The Business School Programs Handbooks available at http://www.ballarat.edu.au/business/handbooks Students should be aware of the content of the handbooks, particularly: * * Special Consideration process and forms * Assignment Coversheet * Submission of tasks and assignments * Grading codes * Appeal process * Unsatisfactory progress - Early Intervention * Appeal process * Unsatisfactory progress - Early Intervention * Grading codes 1.2 Staff The most appropriate contact is your teacher. If necessary they will contact the Course Coordinator at...
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...Chapter 1 1.Define Organizational Behaviour (OB) • the study of what people feel think and do in and around organizations • organizations: groups that work interdependantly towards a purpose. • must have structure 2.Explain the foundations of OB theory and knowledge and its research methods • OB is multidisciplinary relates to psychology, sociology, anythropology etc • Three units of analysis: individual, group, orginization • Research Methods : • field studies : real life organizations • case studies : in depth studies of situations • laboratory studies : in controlled environments • survey studies : questionnaires and interviews • meta-analysis : statistics 3.Describe the “systems approach”, the “contingency approach”, and the levels of analysis in understanding behaviour in organizations • Systems approach : • organizations depend upon the external environment • transform inputs into outputs efficiently and effectively • subsystems --> transformation process--> feedback • Contingency approach : OB involves complex relationships, it does not have right or wrong answers just makes hypotheses and uses consistencies to predict behaviour • Levels of Analysis • individual • task performance : goal directed behavior • organizational citizenship : helpfulness above job requirements • counterproductive work behaviours: potentially harms the work environment ...
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...Social Influence Conformity 3 types of conformity - Kelman Compliance – privately disagreeing, but publicly going along with the group behaviour or attitudes. Identification – a temporary change in beliefs and behaviour while you remain a member of the group. Includes private and public change of belief. Internalisation – a permanent change in beliefs and behaviour. Conformity is more likely in ambiguous situations (where there is no obvious answer) Implicit norm – normal patterns of behaviour generally understood by all egg personal space, lining up for food/ toilets. Explicit norms – normal patterns of behaviour that are enforced by written guidelines or signs etc some become law. (No smoking signs, speed signs) Sherif – auto kenetic light effect 2 reasons why we conform. Duel Process model both process at the same time Asch 1951 Conformity in an unambiguous situation. Ao1 Describe Asch’s aims, findings, conclusions Ao2/3 Evaluate Asch’s experiment. Consider strengths/limitations of using a lab experiment. Consider S/L of Asch’s research in terms of culture, time-historical consider ethical issues. Aims To investigate if people gave in to conformity even when the answer is obvious, which is called unambiguous. To investigate normative social influence. Findings His findings showed that 32% of critical trials where a participant confirmed. 75% of the participants confirmed...
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...CONTENTS Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 1 Introduction..……………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 1:1 Consumer Behaviour …………………………………………………………………………………3 1:2 Advertising …………………………………………………………………………………………………3 1:3 The Brand …………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 2 Analysis and evaluation of theories adapted..….………………………………………………..3 2:1 Perception theory……………………………………………………………………………………….3 2:2 Attitude theory……………………………………………………………………………………………5 2:3 Personality theory (brand personality)……..………………………………………………6 3 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 References……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..7 Appendix I……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………....8 THE EVALUATION OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR THEORIES ADAPTED BY POLO RALPH LAUREN Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate some of the most important theories in consumer behaviour. These theories include the perception theory, motivation theory, learning theory, among others and how these theories are applied through message appeals and segmentation. The Polo Ralph Lauren product – Polo Black has been chosen to complete this paper (see appendix I) and the theories – perception, attitude and personality have been identified in the chosen advert. 1:1 Consumer behaviour The term consumer behaviour is defined as “the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products...
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...Level 8 Diploma in strategic Business Research and Leadership Direction Unit Title: Strategic Financial Analysis and Planning Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1.Critique and evaluate research ....... 4 2.Critically apply modern financial tools 6 3.Use main types of investment appraisal tools 8 4.Critically evaluate the importance of research 10 References 11 Executive Summary The decision making of management is very crucial and involves various analysis to be performed. There are various ratios and methods that can be useful for mitigating the risks and increasing the expected returns with investments. The financial forecast is a mix of the behaviour, perception of management alongwith various techniques used for analysis of the different options available. Critique and evaluate research in financial theory and apply that research for decision making process 1.1 Describe the economic theory of choice as an illustration under certainty. The rational behind the economic theory of choice is to choose out of certain economic outcomes and representing the preferences through maximisation of the utility function of the outcomes. As per the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility model (1953), which is the workhorse of recent economics, the choices are made by people, so as to get the maximum utility. These preferences are based on intuition, self interest, past experiences etc. The...
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...PART ONE Introduction to Organizational Behaviour CHAPTER 1 Study of Organizational Behaviour INTRODUCTION The study of Organizational Behaviour (OB) is very interesting and challenging too. It is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. The study of organizational behaviour relates to the expected behaviour of an individual in the organization. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behaviour of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behaviour. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity hence the study of human behaviour is important. Great importance therefore must be attached to the study. Researchers, management practitioners, psychologists, and social scientists must understand the very credentials of an individual, his background, social framework, educational update, impact of social groups and other situational factors on behaviour. Managers under whom an individual is working should be able to explain, predict, evaluate and modify human behaviour that will largely depend upon knowledge, skill and experience of the manager in handling large group of people in diverse situations. Preemptive actions need to be taken for human behaviour forecasting. The value system, emotional intelligence, organizational culture, job...
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...Introduction This report will aim to evaluate and explain what it means to be an HR Professional with using the CIPD HR Professional Map (HRPM) as the basis for the evaluation. A - Briefly explain how the CIPD HR Professional map defines the HR profession, including gthe professional areas, the bands and the behaviours. B – Evaluate how the 2 core professional areas, and any 2 selected behaviours uphold the concept of ‘HR professionalism’ give examples from the knowledge and activities @ band C- Explain with related examples, why the HR professional needs to be able to manage themselves, manage groups or teams, manage upwards and manage across the organisation CIPD Professional Map – The CIPD HR Profession Map (HRPM) is an accurate tool that guides an HR practitioner’s learning and development through becoming an effective HR professional. HR professionals can use the map for many reasons such as identifying skills and team capability, building role profiles and identify areas that need development (HRPM, CIPD, 2012). Professionalism is defined as a continuous development of outcomes anticipated through appropriate behaviors and conduct that are needed in order to have beneficial business relationships (Gian Fiero, 2008). The principles of professionalism among others commit professionals to have some values such as be customer focused, have proper ethical standards, accountability and reliability, be proactive, responsive and have the willingness to learn and study...
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...AS Psychology - Unit Two Social Psychology Social Influence Student workbook Name: .................................................................................. Form: ................................................................................... Teacher: .............................................................................. Specification requirements Social psychology Candidates will be expected to demonstrate: • Knowledge and understanding of concepts, theories and studies in relation to individual differences • Skills of analysis, evaluation and application in relation to individual differences • Knowledge and understanding of research methods associated with this area of psychology • Knowledge and understanding of ethical issues associated with this area of psychology. |Content outline | |Social influence |Conformity (majority influence) and explanations of why people conform, including informational | | |social influence and normative social influence | | | | | |Types...
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...Number: P04304125 1. Be able to understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour that are relevant to the practice of management. They describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation. Theory X represents a negative view on of human nature that assumes individuals generally dislike work, are irresponsible, and require close supervision to do their jobs. Theory Y represents a positive view of human nature and assumes individuals are generally hard-working, creative, and able to take on responsibility and exercise self-control in their jobs. One would expect that managers holding assumptions about human nature that are consistent with Theory X might exhibit a managerial style that is quite different than managers who hold assumptions consistent with Theory Y. 1.2 Discuss how attitudes as assumptions can influence managerial behaviour. McGregor described two distinct set of assumptions about people at work. He believed that these assumptions influence the thinking and attitude of most managers about the people at work. 1|Page Theory X presents a pessimistic or negative view of human nature whereas Theory Y reflects an optimistic or positive view of human behaviour. Theory X lists a set of assumptions which presents a pessimistic view of human nature. The...
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...Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong are very small and comprises a mere 3% of the company's total sales. These stores were expected to be more successful in the near future. IKEA's imminent strategic expansion into this region exemplified its ambitions to dominate this emerging market. This Case Study illustrates how IKEA's ventures into China and Japan are laden with unique marketing challenges which it had not encountered before in other international markets. Read the attached case (Case Study: "IKEA: A Long March to the Far East" - Source: Oxford University Press) and answer the following questions; 1. Based on your analysis, what are the opportunities and challenges for IKEA in their market operations in (a) China; and (b) Japan? 2. Describe the market entry strategies that IKEA adopt in China and Japan respectively. 3. What are IKEA product, pricing, marketing communication and distribution decisions in the two Asian markets? To what extent these...
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