...Definition Senior nutrition addresses the special dietary requirements of the elderly. Although wise food choices and a balanced diet are essential for older adults to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to promote longevity, there are various obstacles that prevent or limit seniors from practicing and benefiting from good eating habits. Such obstacles include loneliness, depression, economic concerns, lack of cooking skills or desire to cook, inadequate nutritional knowledge, reduced capacity to absorb and utilize nutrients, oral/dental problems and difficulty in chewing, loss of appetite, and eating/nutrient complications due to the use of various medications. In addition, older adults need certain vitamins and nutrients to aid in the maintenance of their health. Description Healthy eating and regular physical activity are necessary to maintain good health at any age. However, older persons, especially after the age of 50, often experience various obstacles that prevent them from following healthy diets. They experience reductions in metabolism (the rate at which the body burns energy) and changes in physiology that significantly affect their nutritional needs. The metabolic rate of an individual can decline as much as 30% over the lifetime, and lean muscle mass can decrease by as much as 25%, accompanied by an increase in body fat. These changes often require the use of lower calorie diets as well as changes in nutritional intake. Therefore, changes in habits, including...
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...Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology March 20, 2016 Introduction Atrial Fibrillation, commonly known as A-Fib or AF, is the most common type of persistent cardiac arrhythmia. AF effects only 2% of the population under the age of 65, but 9% of those over the age of 65 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Many other cardiac diseases are seen with AF, either as a cause, or as a result of the atrial fibrillation. Left untreated, AF can result in tachycardia that causes ventricular dysfunction and/or heart failure, along with a significantly increased risk of thromboembolic stroke. I recently conducted an interview with my father who has had AF for nearly 20 years and I compared my findings in the literature against his experiences with the disease. Pathophysiology Atrial Fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrthymia. In the heart, ventricular rate is controlled by the conduction and refractory properties of the AV node and the progression of wave fronts entering the AV node. Calcium channels are accountable for the major depolarizing current in AV nodal cells. Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation boosts AV nodal conduction, whereas vagal stimulation impedes AV nodal conduction. Sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal, as with illness or exertion, speeds up the ventricular rate. After each atrial excitation wave that depolarizes AV nodal tissue, those cells become refractory for a time, preventing subsequent impulses from propagating...
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...to come to grips with the the overwhelming of obesity in the United States. There are two methods of weight loss that could change one’s lifestyle. In today’s society the internet provides a sufficient amount of information about different methods to help with weight loss. Weight can be harmful factor in an individual’s life, it is not only about the body mass but weight often plays a role mentally and physically if it is abused. For example, being overweight can lead to obesity and low self-esteem. Losing weight can be a challenging, so many people look for the most effective way to lose weight through surgical procedures and weight lost programs. There are a variety of weight loss progams that offer extended support and dietary meal plans. Many weight loss programs provide the option of support, either through weekly excerise programs. These choices range from extreme workout methods, such as video games, such as the Nintendo WII fitness. Many people go to such extremes to lose weight that causes more damage to their bodies. However, even if you do like wht at you fine, consulting a doctor is even more important. With weight loss being in high, we forget that having a well-balanced diet, and exercise is healthier than bulimia and anorexia. People seem to not understand is that losing weight, can be a serious and obsessive problem if not done properly. Obesity and being weight are two of the problems that many people face. Excess fat can lead to differnt...
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...Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heather Horsley Wilkes University School of Nursing Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive disease, arising from structural or functional disorders of the heart, in which incidence increases with age. This review attempts to describe the types and causes of HF while focusing on variable aspects of patient education that have a positive effect on patient outcome and quality of life. Specifically, the potential benefits of this education for a 55 year old male patient diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram with chronic systolic heart failure, who has refused physician deemed necessary diagnostic testing and treatment. Keywords: heart failure, nurse driven education, heart failure, self-care Nurse Driven Education for Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heart failure (HF) is a major health care concern affecting over 5.7 million people in the United States. It is responsible for 1 in 9 deaths and costs the nation over 32 billion in health care expenses each year (Center for Disease Control, 2013). HF is the most common reason for hospitalization of people older than age 65 (Hinkle and Cheever, 2014). According to Hinkle and Cheever, HF is a “clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of the ventricles to fill or eject blood.” There are two major types of HF, systolic heart failure...
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...Nutritional Needs Theresa Cooper SCI/220 (BSDF1ICOY4) 10/6/2015 University of Phoenix Nutritional Needs Nutrition is the major intrauterine environmental factor that alters expression of the fetal genome and may have lifelong consequences. This phenomenon, termed “fetal programming,” has led to the recent theory of “fetal origins of adult disease.” Namely, alterations in fetal nutrition and endocrine status may result in developmental adaptations that permanently change the structure, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring, thereby predisposing individuals to metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Animal studies show that both maternal undernutrition and over nutrition reduce placental-fetal blood flows and stunt fetal growth. Impaired placental syntheses of nitric oxide (a major vasodilator and angiogenesis factor) and polyamines (key regulators of DNA and protein synthesis) may provide a unified explanation for intrauterine growth retardation in response to the 2 extremes of nutritional problems with the same pregnancy outcome. There is growing evidence that maternal nutritional status can alter the epigenetic state (stable alterations of gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modifications) of the fetal genome. This may provide a molecular mechanism for the impact of maternal nutrition on both fetal programming and genomic imprinting. Promoting optimal nutrition will not only ensure optimal fetal development, but will also...
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...planning is not something that should be initiated when the patient is ready to go home, but should be discussed prior to the surgery being performed if possible. The total hip replacement that Mr. Trosack is recovering from was not a planned surgery so case management should have begun working on this once he was admitted to the floor postoperatively. Healthcare Issues and Their Importance There are numerous healthcare issues that must be considered in discharge planning for Mr. Trosack to ensure that medical, social and functional issues related to his recovery have been evaluated. Safety is a very important healthcare issue that must be addressed prior to discharge. As with most patients over the age of 65, Mr. Trosack is at high risk for a fall for various reasons. 33% of this age group experience one fall per year and commonly involve falling down stairs or steps (Heasley, Buckley, Scally, Twigg, & Elliott, 2005). He lives on the second floor of an apartment building that has no elevator so he must maneuver a long flight of steps to enter or leave his apartment. In addition to this, he has a small apartment that is cluttered with WWII .memorabilia and furniture which increase his chances of tripping and falling. Mr. Trosack has recently been diagnosed with hypertension and noninsulin dependent diabetes which will present another healthcare issue and result in a lifestyle change for him. Previously, he was not taking any prescription medications and expressed displeasure about...
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...“The Irish of America” ID: 0232713 NUR 211 Days April 2012 Irish 1 A. SG, is a beautiful 26 year old female born to a loving family with parents whom have been supporting her since birth. Tragically at birth, SG was deprived of oxygen during a difficult labor in which she suffered great brain anoxia, resulting in cerebral palsy. Due to her diagnosis, cerebral palsy has left SG with very little to hardly any muscle tone, movement and motor skills. From newborn to 21 years of age, SG’s parents provided all services of care through their home and acquired special schooling through their hometown. As with SG’s heritage background, the Irish when struck with a crisis involving disability are always compassionate. Especially, when family is involved, they are willing to care for a disabled person at home as did SG’s parents. Lipson and Dibble states that, “The Irish also view illness and disability as human fate which involves suffering, bearing the natural consequence of living and of God’s will.” (p. 286) Although today many Irish view disability and illness as a result of natural causes. As Americans, Nicole Webster (2010) expresses, “The trend is that American society is a culture that is less than accepting of disabilities, and thus the lifestyles of those with...
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...Fa"Fad diet" is a term of popular media, not science. Some so-called fad diets may make pseudo-scientific claims. According to one definition, fad diets claim to be scientific but do not follow the scientific method in establishing their validity. What is a fad diet? There are many different definitions of what a fad diet consists of. One definition is any weight loss plan that quickly gains popularity and may become unpopular just as quick. A more specific definition is any weight loss program or aid that promises to produce dramatic weight loss in a very short amount of time. Each type of fad diet varies in the amount of food that is restricted and what types of foods may be restricted. Are fad diets healthy? The basis of these diets is usually a very restricted diet that may even eliminate certain food groups all together. Research has shown that in order to obtain the amount of nutrients our body needs on a daily basis we must consume a balanced and varied diet. Fad diets do not allow consumers to eat a well-balanced diet in most cases which causes the lack of nutrients to the body. In particular, the diets that eliminate certain foods from a person’s diet completely put the person at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Many of the diet authors will suggest that consumers take daily supplements to make up for the lost nutrients; however supplements do not provide all the plant chemicals and nutrients that our bodies need to function properly. Another risk of these diets...
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...Date : 12th April, 2016 Table of Contents Introduction ……. ……. ……. …….. …….. ……. ……. ……. ……. ……. …….. ……. ……. ..03 Executive Summary ……. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. …….. …… ..04 Company Background ……. ……. ……. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. ……. ……. .07 Target Market ……. …… ……. ……. ……. ……. ……. ……. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. 09 Short Term Market …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. 09 Long Term Market …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. 10 Management Team …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …… …11 Target Market Analysis …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …..11 Industry Analysis …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …… ………12 Competition …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. ……13 SWOT Analysis …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …… ……. …. 15 Marketing Plan …….. …….…….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …17 Product ……. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. …. 18 Promotion ……. ……. ……. ……..…….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …. 21 Financial Analysis …….. ……. …….. ……. …….. …….. …….. …….. ……. …….. ……. ……. .24 Introduction A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food. Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch. Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common. In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant...
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...------------------------------------------------- Overview[edit] Nutritional science investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet. With advances in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, the study of nutrition is increasingly concerned with metabolism and metabolic pathways: the sequences of biochemical steps through which substances in living things change from one form to another. The human body contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds in turn consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All of these chemical compounds and elements occur in various forms and combinations (e.g. hormones, vitamins, phospholipids, hydroxyapatite), both in the human body and in the plant and animal organisms that humans eat. The human body consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved in obtaining nutrition. In a typical adult, about seven liters of digestive juices enter the digestive tract.[citation needed] These break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modulate their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream...
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...Autumn Internship Report, Sep – Nov 2010 Research related work Research report preparation on the Nutraceuticals Sector Objective – Nutraceuticals are substances that offer nutrition beyond standard diet and include both fortified foods and beverages marketed by FMCG companies as well as dietary supplements that are mainly sold by pharmaceutical companies. Nutraceuticals is an emerging sector in India, and o3 Capital is looking at active participation in this space going forward. o3 Capital has a strong focus on research and such sector reports are often used to showcase the company’s capabilities to both potential client as well as investors. The main objective of this assignment was to prepare a comprehensive report on the sector that can eventually be used as part of client pitches and investor documents. The project also involved preparing brief profiles of key players in the sector to facilitate future business development activities in this space, and compilation of major global transactions in order to analyse transaction metrics and potential Scope – Following was the broad scope of the report 1. Overview of the global nutraceuticals market covering 1.1. Market Size and Growth 1.2. Key Markets 2. Detailed section on the Indian Nutraceuticals market covering 2.1. Market Size and Growth 2.2. Key Segments 2.3. Drivers 2.4. Challenges 2.5. Emerging product categories 3. Comparables Analysis and Investment Activity 3.1. Global Comparables 3.2. Global M&A Transaction...
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...Option A – Human nutrition and health Components of the human diet A nutrient is a chemical substance found in foods that is used in the human body. The nutrients needed in the human diet are amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and water. Metabolic fuel is often supplied from carbohydrates and fats, which are almost, always present in human diets but specific carbohydrates are not essential. * Metabolic fuel can also be supplied from proteins. Chemical energy is all the fuels are transferred into a required movement/action (contracting muscle) by respiration. * Combined nitrogen required for the building of proteins. They have to be hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids for them to work. * Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in a small amount but they cannot be synthesized by the body. Their absence from the diet can cause deficiency diseases. * Minerals are chemical elements that are obtained in an ionic form (Na+) also needed in a small amount. Major minerals are like calcium, iron and phosphate that are needed for the construction of body tissues or in metabolic processes. * Water is essential because 70-90% of the body is water. Vitamin C The daily recommended dose of vitamin C is 40mg for adults. Pregnant and lactating mothers more. These margin this high because: * To have a safety margin so the risk of scurvy is minimized. Some scientists argue that extremely large doses (500 mg per day) helped to...
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...increasingly difficult. The more and more advertisements seen by women, especially teenagers and obese individuals, are fueling the fire to what seems like a never ending cycle of anorexia and bulimia. Society has put so much pressure on women and more specifically obese women to be stick thin like they see on television and in advertisements so they feel the need to eat less and less which can eventually lead to an eating disorder. According to Sheila Himmel from Psychology Today, an estimated eleven million people living in the United States are said to have anorexia or bulimia and this number is only including the cases that have been reported. Eating disorders can start as early as age twelve and while eating disorders are more commonly found in teenagers, men but more commonly women ages 45-65 are still victims of these deathly disorders. Kimmel says that eating disorders and obesity rates have soared over the past twenty years. Some blame bad genes, others blame no time for exercise but the true culprit is poor eating habits. Portion sizes have substantially increased over the years, having a family dinner isn’t seen nearly as much as it used to be, and our society eats all the time. These habits have caught up with many Americans who are sitting on their couch eating family sized bags of chip at a time, wondering why they’re jeans feel tighter. Not only have eating habits changed for the worse but society places immense amounts of pressure on women and men to have thin, fit...
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...NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES AMONG CLEMSON UNIVERSITY STUDENT-ATHLETES A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Nutrition by Ashley Nicole Dunnigan May 2010 Accepted by: Beth Kunkel, Committee Chair Gail Delicio Karen Kemper i ABSTRACT Participants in this study were 95 Clemson University student-athletes who were currently on the varsity men’s and women’s soccer, tennis, track and field, and swimming and diving who completed a survey on nutrition knowledge and attitudes. The mean total point score on the survey was 17.48 + 1.71. The mean score on knowledge questions on the survey was 11.59 + 3.14 or 46.3%. Females had a slightly higher mean score (12.3+ 3.03 or 49.2%) than males (10.9 + 3.13 or 43.6%) on the knowledge questions. The mean score on attitude questions was 5.89+ 1.67 or 58.9%. Females had a slightly higher mean score (6.19 + 1.53 or 61.9%) than the males (5.60 + 1.76 or 56%) on the attitude questions. A multiple regression analysis for impact of sport, gender, class rank, previous nutrition course, and eating situation on total score on the survey gave an overall R2 of 0.174 (F= 3.75, p= 0.004). There was no significant unique effect of class rank (p = 0.084), sport (p= 0.079), and eating situation (p= 0.079) for this model. The unique effect of gender (p= 0.003) and taking a nutrition course (p= 0.036) were statistically significant. Even though...
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...part of health care professionals have led to decreased mortality and morbidity rates from the multiple organ damage arising from years of untreated hypertension. I. Prevalence of disease (in US) and risk factors Hypertension is a major U.S. health problem affecting some 50 million individuals. Approximately 65% of Americans older than age 60 have hypertension. Of those diagnosed with hypertension, over 30% do not have their hypertension adequately treated and controlled. Ninety to ninety-five percent of hypertension is idiopathic and called primary hypertension. Five to ten percent of hypertension is the result of an identifiable etiologic cause and is called secondary hypertension. According to Center of Disease Control (CDC) the prevalence of hypertension, 45.3% had been treated with antihypertensive medication. Percentages of those treated for HBP were higher among women than men (56.1% versus 45.2%) and increased with age. The age-adjusted proportion who reported treatment was 55.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 48.6% among non-Hispanic whites, and 34.9% among Mexican Americans. Only 29% of U.S. adults with hypertension had controlled BP levels ( women before age...
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