...The biggest distinction between mainframes and supercomputers is the type of problems they tackle. Each of these types of large computers is specially designed and optimized to perform a particular type of task, and to do it better than any other computer. Not only do supercomputers and mainframes do their tasks more efficiently than other types of computers, they do things that no other computers can do! Supercomputers are designed to work on types of problems whose primary constraint is calculation speed. Mainframes, on the other hand, deal with problems constrained by input/output and which demand reliability above all else. So while supercomputers are ideal for performing complex calculations on a large data set, mainframes are well suited for performing thousands upon thousands of concurrent transactions. Supercomputers conduct large amounts of very fast and complex calculations on data stored in memory. These computers are built to purpose to run complex simulations or beating grand masters in chess. Mainframes process the large amounts of data that come into them from external sources, such as credit card transactions or payroll processing. Supercomputers push the limits of computational speed, discovering what is possible for a computer to do. They are the explorers of the computing world. Conversely, mainframes are the workers. Rather than pushing up against the boundaries of what’s possible, they focus on reliable completion of large tasks and processing of transactions...
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...the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions organized in programs ("software") which tell the computer what to do. § Memory (fast, expensive, short-term memory): Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data, programs, and intermediate results. § Mass storage device (slower, cheaper, long-term memory): Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data and programs between jobs. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives. § Input device: Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer. § Output device: A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished. In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another. II, Computer sizes and power Personal Computers Least powerful Workstations Minicomputer s Mainframes Supercomputers Most powerful Computers can be generally classified by size and power as...
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...microcomputer are IBM PC, PC-AT . 2.Mini Computer: This is designed to support more than one user at a time. It possesses large storage capacity and operates at a higher speed. The mini computer is used in multi-user system in which various users can work at the same time. This type of computer is generally used for processing large volume of data in an organisation. They are also used as servers in Local Area Networks (LAN). 3.Mainframes: These types of computers are generally 32-bit microprocessors. They operate at very high speed, have very large storage capacity and can handle the work load of many users. They are generally used in centralised databases. They are also used as controlling nodes in Wide Area Networks (WAN). Example of mainframes are DEC, ICL and IBM 3000 series. 4.Supercomputer: They are the fastest and most expensive machines. They have high processing speed compared to other computers. They have also multiprocessing technique. One of the ways in which supercomputers are built is by interconnecting hundreds of microprocessors. Supercomputers are mainly being used for whether forecasting, biomedical research, remote sensing, aircraft design and...
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...Introduction:- Computer is an electronic device which can take input from the user and process this input data and if need, store data or information on storage devices and give output on output devices. It follow the instructions us it is which we input. It takes input through Keyboard, mouse, etc and then it processes the input data and give output on display screen and store data if need. Desktop Computer:- Mostly called personal computer (PC), design to fit completely on a typical desk of office or home. It mainly comes with a monitor, a minitower or horizontal casing. Today, mostly Casing contains processor, hard disk in gigabytes, built-in modem, LAN port, USB ports and CD-ROM. Over the past few years. CPU processing speed has been increasing processing speed can be increase by adding capable RAM, capable BUS, high processor which have high processing cycle, hence more heat is also produced we use heat sinks and fans for the removal of heat from the computer as higher temperature can cause severe damage to the computer, fans are noisy and aren’t much effective so the new trend is liquid cooling. It’s just like a radiator installed for cooling, a liquid is circulated in the heat sink attached to the processor heat is transferred from the processor to the liquid is then transferred to the radiator the liquid is cooled down there and then again circulated to the heat sink. It’s less noisy as compared to fan as high speed processor clocked at higher speed need fan...
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...Introduction:- Computer is an electronic device which can take input from the user and process this input data and if need, store data or information on storage devices and give output on output devices. It follow the instructions us it is which we input. It takes input through Keyboard, mouse, etc and then it processes the input data and give output on display screen and store data if need. Desktop Computer:- Mostly called personal computer (PC), design to fit completely on a typical desk of office or home. It mainly comes with a monitor, a minitower or horizontal casing. Today, mostly Casing contains processor, hard disk in gigabytes, built-in modem, LAN port, USB ports and CD-ROM. Over the past few years. CPU processing speed has been increasing processing speed can be increase by adding capable RAM, capable BUS, high processor which have high processing cycle, hence more heat is also produced we use heat sinks and fans for the removal of heat from the computer as higher temperature can cause severe damage to the computer, fans are noisy and aren’t much effective so the new trend is liquid cooling. It’s just like a radiator installed for cooling, a liquid is circulated in the heat sink attached to the processor heat is transferred from the processor to the liquid is then transferred to the radiator the liquid is cooled down there and then again circulated to the heat sink. It’s less noisy as compared to fan as high speed processor clocked at higher speed need fan...
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...Introduction Computer systems are extremely complex objects. Even the smallest systems consist of millions of individual parts. Each part is relatively simple in its function and easy to understand. It is only when these millions of simple parts interact with each other that we develop the complex structures that comprise our modern computing systems. In this lesson, we take a brief look at the major components of a computing system. In subsequent lessons, we will study each component in more detail. Many people have tried to classify computing systems in different ways, always with difficulty. We will look at some of the terminology used to describe different types of computing systems, from the ubiquitous micro to the extremely powerful supercomputer. Common terms, such as hardware and software, will be discussed. Different methods of processing data and information will be explained. After this brief survey, we will come back, in later lessons, and explore in greater detail the topics introduced here. Data and information processing have been previously defined as the transformation of unorganised raw material or data into useful information. This processing may be done manually or with the help of mechanical and electronic devices. It is common to refer to the collection of personnel, equipment, software, and procedures that perform the data and information processing functions as an information processing system. Very often, when a computer is used, the system is referred to...
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...z FETAC LEVEL 5 L22142 By Declan Brady Date: 05/02/2013 Tutor: Val Coakley Table of Contents Introduction 3 Methodology 4 History of Computers 5 Computer Hardware and Computer Software 9 The Four Main Components of Computer Systems 10 Types of Computer Systems 12 Examples of Computer Input Devices 14 Examples of Computer Output Devices 15 Printers 17 Equipment of the Modern Office 19 Storage Devices 21 Computer Networks – LAN and WAN 22 Systems Software and Application Software……………………………………………24 Conclusion 24 Bibliography 25 Introduction This project is been carried out for the Business Computing module for the Computer and Network Technician FETAC Level 5 Certificate course. In completing this project I hope to acquire a greater understanding of computers and the technology that is commonly used with them in the modern workplace. The carrying out of this project itself will also hopefully leave me better equipped with the skills to carry out projects in the workplace if I am required to do so in the future. For this project I will use the internet to research for the information that this report requires. Once I feel confident I have enough sources for the topics that need to be covered I will start choosing relevant information from these websites and use them in my report where needed. If needed the information taken from websites will be rephrased so that the content is fully relevant to the project. For this report...
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...HOW COMPUTER SAVVY ARE YOU? Computer Savvy knowing what computers can do and what they can’t knowing how they can benefit you and how they can harm you knowing when you can solve computer problems and when you have to call for help Other practical payoffs: Know how to make better buying decisions Know how to fix ordinary computer problems Know how to upgrade your equipment & integrate it with new products Know how to use the internet most effectively Know how to protect yourself against online villains Know what kinds of computer uses can advance career INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. TWO PARTS OF IT COMPUTER – is a programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data–raw facts and figures–and processes, or manipulates, it into information we can use. COMMUNICATIONS – also called telecommunications technology, consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over long distances. Effects of IT to: Education When properly integrated into curriculum and classroom it can: a. Allow students to personalize their education b. Automate many tedious and route tasks c. Reduce teacher’s workload HEALTH Computer Technology is radically changing the tools of medicine. It helps free medical workers for more critical tasks Telemedicine – medical care delivered via telecommunications Robots like da Vinci surgical...
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...temporarily holds data for processing while the computer’s storage area is where data is stored on a more permanent basis. Output is what is produced by a computer. Today’s computers work by loading a set of instructions into memory from a stored program and then allowing those instructions to be executed to produce output. This concept allows you to use your computer for multiple tasks, such as word processing, image editing, sending e-mails, and much more. Nearly all of today’s computers use some type of microprocessor, or single chip CPU, so the older classifications of microcomputer, minicomputer, and mainframe computer to classify computers are no longer used today. Computers are now categorized based on their intended use and physical sizes. Typical categories include personal computers, handheld computers, workstations, videogame consoles, mainframes, supercomputers, and servers. A personal computer is one designed to meet the computing needs of an individual person, usually those computers for e-mail, word processing, and internet access. Personal computers can be desktop computers, notebooks, or tablet computers. A personal computer system usually contains a system unit, display devices, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, CD and DVD drives, sound card and speakers,...
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...Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Identify the various types of software Define the term computer and identify its components Describe the categories of computers Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Introduction to Computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Identify the various types of computer users Discuss computer applications in society Recognize the difference between installing and running a program 1 2 A World of Computers What Is a Computer? What is computer literacy? How is a computer defined? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses The computer Computers are everywhere first, Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, and symbol then, Processes data into information (Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful ) finally, Produces and stores results 3 4 The Components of a Computer What is the information processing cycle? What is an _____ device? input Hardware used to enter data and instructions Input Process Output Storage Communication 5 6 1 The Components of a Computer The Components of a Computer What is an ______ device? output What is the system unit? Hardware that conveys information to a user Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data 7 The Components of...
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...POSDCORB (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting) categorization by Luther Gulick led to a set of formal organization functions such as control, management, supervision, and administration starting in late * Classification of organizations into departments like Accounting and Human Resources reflects the breaking of complex tasks into smaller manageable tasks that could be assigned to a group of people who could then be held responsible. * HORIZONTAL SILO: VERTICAL SILO: 2. What is the relationship between organizational functional silos and IS functional silos? ANSWER: The only relationship that exists between organisational function silos and IS function silos is that they both serve to fulfil the needs of a department. * Organizational functional silos are termed as independent unit and the changes that made in these silos are not allowed to be shared between other departments in that organisation. * IS functional silos are much different from that of organisational silos because there is no online sharing of data. 3. Compare and contrast centralized, decentralized, and distributed IT architectures....
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...Mobile/ Communication / Consumer Electronics Within the last one hundred years communication between two people on the opposite sides of the Earth have tremendously improved. A hand written letter from America could take up to several months to reach the hands of its recipient in Europe or Asia. Nowadays terabytes of data can be sent the same distance in nearly in instant. Cell phones and the internet have connected people from all parts of the Earth. I personally have been able to turn a pen-pal who lived in Sweden to a valuable friend thanks to the technology we posses today. Although it has been able to connect people all over the world to each other it has created a distance between personal encounters. There has been an increase of people who would rather be connected to their social media outlets rather than spend quality time with their friends in person. People prone to their smartphones or tablets can be seen in restaurants and casual places. I have also experienced instances where my friends or significant other focus' a significant amount of their energy on their smartphones rather than the people in front of them. 1f...
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...noter Introduction to Computer The word computer is derived from the Greek work “compute” which means to calculate and it is a device that can perform arithmetic operations and take logical decisions. Computer is an electronic device; used to convert Data into Information, it takes input (data) through input devices process it into CPU, stores it and also displays the result through output devices. A computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are; it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). Modern computers are electronic and digital. CPU The actual machinery; wires, transistors, and circuits are called hardware while the instructions and Data are called software. All the general-purpose computers require the following hardware components: Central processing unit (CPU) The “heart” or “Brain” of the computer, the component that actually executes instructions is known as CPU or Central Processing Unit. Memory It is also known as main memory, primary memory or simply RAM (random access memory). It is volatile type of memory. It enables a computer to store data and programs temporarily. Input devices Devices used to input the data and instructions into the computer system. Usually a keyboard and mouse are used as input devices. Output devices Devices used to...
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...Tech Guide 1 Hardware TG1.1 Components of a Computer System TG1.2 Evolution of Computer Hardware TG1.3 Types of Computers TG1.4 Microprocessor and Primary Storage TG1.5 Input/Output Devices TG1.1 Components of a Computer System Computer hardware is composed of the following components: central processing unit (CPU), primary storage, secondary storage, input devices, output devices, and communication devices. Communication devices are covered in detail in Tech Guide 4. The input devices accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand. The output devices present data in a form people can understand. The CPU manipulates the data and controls the tasks done by the other components. Primary storage (internal storage that is part of the CPU) temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing. Secondary storage (external storage such as flash drives) stores data and programs that have been saved for future use. Communication devices manage the flow of data from public networks (e.g., Internet, intranets) to the CPU, and from the CPU to networks. A schematic view of a computer system is shown in Figure TG1.1. REPRESENTING DATA, PICTURES, TIME, AND SIZE IN A COMPUTER ASCII. Computers are based on integrated circuits (chips), each of which includes millions of sub-miniature transistors that are interconnected on a small (less than l-inch-square) chip area. Each transistor can be in either an “on” or an “off” position...
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...technology, networking and telecommunications technology, and technology services. 2. What are the major computer hardware, data storage, input, and output technologies used in business? * Computer Hardware: Mainframes, midrange computers, PC’s, workstations, and supercomputers. * Data Storage: Magnetic disk, optical disc, magnetic tape and storage networks. * Input devices: Keyboards, computer mice, touch screens (including those with multitouch), magnetic ink and optical character recognition devices, pen-based instruments, digital scanners, sensors, audio input devices, and radio-frequency identification devices. * Output devices: Display monitors, printers, and audio output devices. • List and describes the various type of computers available to businesses today. * Mainframes are a large-capacity, high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly. * Midrange computers are servers computers are specifically optimized to support a computer network, enabling users to share files, software, peripheral devices (such as printers), or other network resources. * PC’s are desktop or laptop machines. * Workstations are desktop machines with powerful mathematical and graphic capabilities. * Supercomputers are sophisticated, powerful computers that can perform massive and complex computations rapidly. • Define the client/server model of computing, and describe the...
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