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Disparities in Women’s Health in Usa

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Disparities in Women’s Health in USA
José Francisco Pereira
AKA Frank Pereira
COH 601
Prof. GinaMarie Piane, MPH, DrPH, CHES

The United States of America still have a long way to go until able to reduce the country disparities related to maternal and infant mortality. With a population distributed in an uneven geographic area that requires specific healthcare delivery related to ethnicity, lack of education, lack of primary care provider and prejudice, it becomes a difficult task. As reported by The Office of Minority Health of the U.S. Department of Health& Human Services (HHS) the largest population concentration of Hispanic/Latino is in San Jose, California, and African American is in Michigan. The City of San Jose or the state of California has not provide specific vital/healthcare information to the HHS and Michigan reported Infant Death Rates as fallow: White – 1997= 6.1 (±0.5), 2007 5.8 (±0.5) whit a decline of 0.3 (±0.5); African American – 1997= 17.6 (±1.7), 2007 16.5 (±1.7) whit a decline of 1.1 (±1.7); Others – 1997= 4.7 (±2.2), 2007 10.7 (±2.2) whit a increase of 6 (±0.5). The HHS reported a total infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in the United States shows for 2005, still showing a relative disparity between African Americas (13.6), White (5.8) and Hispanic/Latino (5.6). HHS showed that Hispanic/Latino had the lowest rate and the Afro American the highest rate (afro American/ white ratio = 2.3). The report shows a radial infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births higher for African Americans than any other ethnic group in the United States with Low-Birthweight (304.9) being the leading cause fallowed by congenital malformation (167.5), maternal complications (106) and Sudden infant death syndrome (99.4). Also that African American and Hispanic/Latino had the a low percentage of mother receiving prenatal care starting in the 1st trimester (both with 0.9 ratio to white) and 3rd trimester (African American 2.5 / Hispanic/Latino 2.2 ratio to Whate). In conclusion, the report was able to demonstrate that areas with a large concentration of African American is able to demonstrate a better infant survival rate (i.e.: Michigan) but not causing a significant impact in the total infant mortality rate in the country. More attention needs to be direct to prenatal care to African American due their racial comorbidity and lack of financial support.

Glossary
Prejudice: “Legal Dictionary” - 3 a : an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics prejudice per se —Railroad H. Bork> b : an attitude or disposition (as of a judge) that prevents impartiality prejudice…against him —U.S. Code>; “Cultural Dictionary” - A hostile opinion about some person or class of persons. Prejudice is socially learned and is usually ground in misconception, misunderstanding, and inflexible generalizations. In particular, African-Americans have been victims of prejudice on a variety of social, economic, and political levels. (See civil rights movement and segregation.)

References 01. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/prejudice?o=100074. Retrieved 2010-04-13. 02. " Infant Mortality/SIDS and Hispanic Americans ". The Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Content Last Modified: 8/31/2009 12:40:00 PM. http://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=54&ID=3329. Retrieved on 2010-04-14. 03. " Infant Mortality/SIDS and African Americans ". The Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Content Last Modified: 8/31/2009 12:35:00 PM. http://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=51&ID=3021. Retrieved 2010-04-14.

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