...Executive Office of the President created the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), as a response to the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. The purpose of the ONDCP “is to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nation's drug control program. The goals of the program are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences” (The White House, 2006). Each year the policies are updated to reflect the current trends within the illegal world of drug trafficking. Drug use in the last decade has nearly doubled. The Bush Administration updated the policies in February 2006 to achieve the primary goal of reducing drug use within the United States. The President’s strategy focuses on three principal elements: stopping drug use before it starts, healing drug users, and disrupting the market for illicit drugs. This paper will discuss the specifics, origins and goal of the third strategy, “Disrupting the Markets”. The writer will also discuss resources and costs involved for effective implementation and maintenance. Finally, this paper will provide information on the effects of drug use on the community, ethical implications and suggestions to improve this particular strategy. The policy of “Disrupting the Markets” attempts to stop drug trade by attacking the economics of the system. This element of the Bush Administration strategy provides details on progress being done domestically...
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...Lam This paper will be regarding the topic on “How to Fix the Skids” for Applied Law Enforcement class instructed by Al “R.C.” Arsenault. “Skid row” or “the skids” is located on the 100-block of East Hastings Street in Vancouver, British Columbia; right between Chinatown and Gastown. The Downtown Eastside is also where the safe drug injection site called Insite is located. Through this paper, a few solutions will be discussed on what actions should be taken in order to “fix the skids”. A few issues that will be discussed include: the cost of drugs, harm reduction, drug rehabilitation programs, drug importation, revisal of criminal justice system, and criticisms. According to Wikipedia, Vancouver was for many years the main port-of-entry for the North American opium supply resulting in the rise in popularity for the usage of opium and heroin. During the Great Depression, a pattern of social decay became well established in the Downtown Eastside due to the gathering of the unemployed and poor amongst the area. During the 1970’s, the alcohol and poverty problems in the area was made worse by the expansion of the drug trade which included the importation of crack cocaine. Currently, Downtown Eastside is infamous for its open drug trade and drug-related deaths. Wikipedia explains that Vancouver's Skid Row has the highest per capita heroin-related deaths and the highest rate of HIV and Hepatitis C infections in North America. Contrary to many beliefs, drug addiction is...
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...Drugs and technology While it is almost impossible to get an actual percentage of people affected by drug addiction, the use continues to grow. Most people will admit to trying some form of illegal drug, but addicts have a hard time even coming to grasp that they are addicted. Our society has been struggling with addiction for hundreds of years. Those affected vary in age, and are not limited to adults. According to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011), there are approximately 27 million Americans today that either use illicit drugs regularly or are “heavy drinkers”. Sixteen million of these are in need of immediate treatment for their addiction problem. By the age of 18 almost 12 percent of young people in America are addicted to drugs. Statistics also show that about 70 percent of users who are employed contribute significantly to absenteeism in the work place, workplace accidents, workplace injuries, decreased productivity, increased insurance premiums, and large employee turnover and violence in the workplace. The total estimated cost to our society in America for substance abuse exceeds 250 billion dollars per year. Addiction has become prominent as one of the worst health and social problems in the United States today. (coachinginternational.com) Through the last two decades, addiction rates in the United States have increased significantly because of the advancements in Information Technology. Social networking, internet access...
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...RESEARCH PAPER General Topic: America’s War On Drugs Research Paper Question: How is the elimination of Drug supplies going to affect the economies and social concerns involved in the trade? Research Thesis Statement: The total elimination of illegal drugs in circulation will decrease employment in the US and increase unemployment in Afghanistan and Colombia. ABSTRACT: The "War on Drugs" is a campaign undertaken by the Federal government of the US with the assistance of participating countries such as Co lombia and Afghanistan , intend ed to reduce illegal drug trade to curb supply and diminish demand for certain psychoactive substances deemed harmful by the government. This initiative includes a set of laws and policies that are intended to discourage the p roduction, distribution, and consumption of targeted substances. COST: The U.S. government estimates the cost of the War on Drugs by calculating the funds used in attempting to control the supply of illegal drugs, in paying government employees involved in waging the war on crack, and to satisfy rehabilitation costs. This total was estimated by the U.S. government's cost report on drug control to be roughly $12 billion in 2005. Additionally, in a separate report, the U.S. government reports that the cost of incarcerating drug law offenders was $30.1 billion — $9.1 billion for police protection, $4.5 billion for legal adjudication, and $11.0 billion for state and federal corrections...
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...Mexico: Drugs or Democracy Introduction Illicit drug trade between Mexico and the United States, estimated between $17 billion and $38 billion a year in 2009 by the Drug Intelligence Center, has a long and storied past. Cartels operated with relative impunity from government prosecution during the seventy year reign of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, (PRI). The movement from an authoritarian government system of the PRI to the liberal democracy initiated by the election victory of the National Action Party, (PAN), candidate, Vicente Fox, in 2000, disrupted the status quo. Election gains by PAN Representatives disrupted long standing agreements between the cartels and government officials which led to the increased violence that exists today. This paper will explore the history of the relationship between the cartels and the PRI. The effect of the increased violence from the cartels inhibits the efforts of PAN party officials to establish a lasting democracy. Literature Review Research shows the three distinct stages in the development of a cohesive relationship between drug cartels and government in Mexico and identifies the political and economic conditions that have allowed the drug trade to thrive. Comparing Mexico with Columbia, another narcotics state, provides an additional case study on the subject matter and highlights actions utilized successfully. A review of the current political and military efforts to curtail corruption within the government provides...
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...War on Drugs 1 Running Head: WAR on DRUGS: EFFECTS of DRUGS War on Drugs: Effects of Drugs Matthew Boone Camden County College War on Drugs 2 Abstract This paper will attempt to explore the effects of the War on Drugs by showing the way drugs have effects on people and been classified. This researcher will show how effects of drugs plays a major factor in today’s society. It will explore the cost of incarceration that play apart of today’s economy and how it has increased since the War on Drugs. This paper will also explore the term drug interdiction and how it has affected the War on Drugs. Drug interdiction is the process of confiscating illegal drugs from traffickers smuggling drugs into the United States borders. War on Drugs 3 War on Drugs Drugs have been around for years, being used for their medicinal uses, for their hallucination affects and other reasons. The same drugs are still being used today. Some argue that certain drugs should be legal considering that they are mainly plant based and therefore natural. The problem with it is people are learning ways to modify and condense the chemicals that are producing the affects wanted and making the affects stronger. Drugs are also being combined to create new drinks and drugs to be used, known as designer drugs. These new combinations can become lethal due to the drugs being condensed to intensify the effects. The United States has been fighting a war on drugs for over 100 years. In...
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...Institution Should Marijuana Be Legal? Marijuana is a drug extracted from cannabis sativa plant. It has several uses, which include smoking, fuel, and manufacturing of fiber. Smoking takes the lead in its uses and bears the identity of the plant. Large volumes of documented facts about this drug are in existence, but the legality of the drug remains arguable. In some countries such as America, the drug is illegal, while it is legalized in other countries such as Jamaica. Research has proven beyond any reasonable doubt that the spread and use of the drug among populations is deep-rooted even in countries where it is illegal. This stamps a question on the illegality of the drug and the effectiveness of its prohibition status. The beneficial documented facts about legalizing the drug critically surpass the benefits gained if it is prohibited. Everything in this world has two faces, the positive, and the negative. Individuals have personal freedom that is protected by the constitution of a given country. Prohibition of marijuana induces restrictions to the excise of this freedom by those who use it (Rosenthal, Kubby, & Newhart, 2003). The government has a right to withhold this freedom, only when its use interferes with or harms another individual. The use of marijuana has neither known direct interference effects to non-users nor does it harm the health of the user; this is unlike other legalized drugs such as alcohol. Therefore, the prohibition is illegal when it limits...
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...Journal Adejumo, G. O. (2011) Impact of Family Type on Involvement of Adolescents in Pre-Marital Sex International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. Vol.3 (1). Pp.15-19 http://www.academicjournals.org/ijpc/abstracts. Abstract This study examined the impact of home type on involvement of in-school adolescents in premarital sex in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight students from four secondary schools were randomly selected, 128 or 47.8% were males and 148 or 53% were females. Their ages range from 16-19years with the mean of 18.24years. Only 186 or 69% have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-Attitude towards Pre marital Sex Scale (ATPSS) and Parent Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescents’ involvement in premarital sex at r=.569, r2 =.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and <.05 significant level. There was a significant difference significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1degree of freedom and p <0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing...
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...Drug Trafficking in the United States Amie Woods Instructor Shelley Lawyer English Composition 122 January 23, 2012 The topic I choose to discuss is Drug Trafficking in the United States. The reason I choose this topic is, because I want to inform you about the social, and the ethical effects that drug trafficking has on upon our society. From people robbing others to families stealing from each other to leaving children without one or both parents, drugs have affected our daily lives. Some addicts spend so much time and money trying to obtain drugs or under the influence of drugs that they neglect their family, friends, and work. (World Book, 2012) I will show through statistics how drug trafficking affects our economy, and introduce you to some low-level offenders that have had stiffer sentences than others simply because of their color of their skin. Last year the United States spent 68 billion dollars on incarcerating drug traffickers, and low-level offenders. (Global Commission on Drugs) (2011) In 1972, there were an estimated 300,000 people incarcerated compared to 2.3 million today. (Global Commission on Drugs) (2011) I started the research trying to limit the topic to drug cartels’, but it was too much information, and I found myself being overwhelmed with all of it. I then changed my focus to the social, ethical, and political side of the coin, because I found it to be more intriguing and much more important. I will show you how drug dealers...
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...In this paper I will analyze the idea of voluntary exchange, and determine whether or not the mutual benefit created through free trade is socially responsible. A basic tenant of free trade is mutually beneficial exchange, a simple enough idea, but within the frame work of this “simple” idea lays a variety of taboo subjects that one might not initially expect to encounter. These subjects include but are not limited to ideas such as the decriminalization of narcotics, the legalization of prostitution, and even assisted suicide. I’ll exclusively explore the idea of voluntary exchange within drug markets, and analyze some of the social and economic costs and benefits to society. I’m going to present statistics and viewpoints that will evoke feelings...
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...This paper will describe different problems with global crimes. Describing what worldwide criminal justice systems are doing to address the criminal issues you identified. Finding and summarize a news story covering either a cybercrime or a terrorism-related crime that occurred within the last 2 years that had a worldwide impact. Discussing how worldwide criminal justice systems handled the crime. Also providing your opinion on the effectiveness of the systems' response and include suggestions for future responses to combat or prevent these crimes. Over two decades that has pasted the economy of the world have been globalized, and has it illicit counterparts. When it comes to global impact crime has risen to unpredictable levels. That crime has grown and the criminal groups have new technologies that have had a network structures that can be difficult to be traced therefore can stop the expanding of their activities (cfr2016). When it comes to global crime it is threating the safety as well as the security of all of the people around the world....
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...country but their adverse effects are felt in other countries. Human trafficking, trafficking of goods, sex slavery and torture are examples of the transitional crimes. This paper seeks to review drug trafficking as the dominant example of transitional crime in the contemporary nation-states. Drug trafficking involves production, processing, and distribution of illegal drugs and the laundering of the money obtained from the practice. Globalization of criminal activities like drug trafficking is incessantly becoming a threat to national and international security. It is a global challenge to each and every country because it generally affects health and...
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...HUMAN TRAFFICKING A SEMINAR PAPER PREPARED BY ELEGBOGUN OSERERE JULIET COURSE TITLE: CLASSICAL THEORIES OF CRIME, DELINQUENCY AND SECURITIES COURSE CODE: 800 IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER IN CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS LECTURER : PROFESSOR SOYOMBO OMOLOLU FEBRUARY, 2013. ABSTRACT With the rapidly increasing rate of migration – a by-product of a more globalised world – human traffickers have greater opportunities to exploit those who migrate to other States. First, human trafficking is driven by poverty and international productivity/living quality disparities. Second, the existing humanitarian and/or suppressive approaches cannot solve the problem. Third, the best option for solving the problem is setting up the ‘reciprocal direct investment’ (RDI) scheme between leading and lagged economies. The RDI scheme can facilitate improvements in the quality of public governance in lagged economies and...
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...Annotated Bibliography including five citations in APA documentation format, each with a brief summary paragraph: in your own words, write a two-three sentence summary the source’s main point and identifying key expert views or evidence which will help support specific points in your outline. Human Trafficking in the United States of America I.Introduction I’ve chosen to cover this topic because now more than ever news specials are being broadcast and even though each story as similar as the next they’re very captivating. The statistics on this issue is overwhelming and it involves just about every type of criminal act known. It’s become an absolute phenomenon in the United States of America. Criminal Justice entails the following in a criminal activity; gathering evidence, apprehending the accused, conducting a trial, making defense, judgment after proving the crime and eventually punishment. There are many crimes that deserve criminal justice (Legal-Explanations.com, 2004-2007). Human trafficking which is nothing more than modern day slavery is just one of many heavy crimes that deserve it. II. Body A. Trafficking doesn't happen in other parts of the world somewhere else; sufferers of trafficking are right here in the United States, suffering horrendous human rights infringements. The United States did not set in motion the monitoring of trafficked individuals until 1994; it began being covered in the Department’s Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices...
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...been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations aiding abused and procured prostitutes. The most important of these efforts are the ones done for the safety, social welfare and rehabilitation of the women unwillingly involved. II. Body Trafficking is a crime against humanity. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) defines trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of...
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