...The effects to the environment and humankind caused by war Cause and Effect Essay Professor Kelly Gehlhoff Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for English 112 English Composition Two Pueblo, Colorado May 2012 Abstract War causes devastating and often irreversible effects to both humans and the earth. Throughout history, armies have burned the enemy’s crops, rivers have been damed, and water supplies have been poisoned, all in the name of war. The consequences these wars have on humankind include death, injury, dislocation, and malnutrition, which falls hand and hand with the destruction of the environment. Warfare is a terrible thing, bombs destroy life, tanks and other military vehicles damage ecosystems beyond repair, battleships pollute the oceans, and chemical and nuclear weapons have the potential to end life on this planet. The effects to the environment and humankind caused by war In the recent past there have been tragic results of war on the environment and humans, from World War I to the present day Gulf Wars. The ultimate fear is that war will have taken such a toll on the Earth, its inhabitants, and its natural resources that there will not be a world left for humankind to live in. Armed forces destroy their own ecosystems, as well those of the enemy, to win wars. Forests may be stripped of all timber to eliminate hiding places and oil wells, fresh water, crops, land and the animals are ruined to...
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...and making sure that they are allowing for economic growth. This paper will look at 3 oil companies that are familiar to the United States. The paper will also look at the recent Gulf of Mexico oil spill and look at any ethical concerns. It will discuss how an oil company can follow corporate social responsibility (CSR) tools to lessen their environmental footprint. Ethical Responsibility with Oil Companies All companies in the world have the responsibility to operate in a manner that follows the laws of the government. All of these companies also have a social responsibility to follow ethical laws. Along with all the other types of companies, oil companies have the social responsibilities to protect the environment, to research sustainable energies, to safely explore and produce in new areas, and they also have responsibility of fostering economic growth. It is important for oil companies, perhaps more important than other companies, to hold up to these social responsibilities because if they don’t find new ways to produce energy, future generations could run out. There has been much talk in the last few months regarding oil companies and if they are being ethical when making decisions. The last big black eye for the companies, BP in particular, is the disastrous environmental oil spill in the gulf. Since the beginning of the spill, the rumors have been swarming regarding the decisions that have been made prior to oil spill. Did they overlook safety procedures? Did they ignore...
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...IRAQ-KUWAIT War Negotiation Style and Frameworks by Steven Roberts A case study that shows how important it is to consider whether or not to accept concessions (nhượng bộ đất đai) by taking a reasonable perspective and framework. | Bottom of Form On a scorching (nắng cháy) summer day in August, 1990, the citizens of Kuwait stared in puzzlement (tình trạng rối bời) at the encroaching (xâm phạm), dusty streams of what appeared to be a pending desert sandstorm, creeping ominously (đáng ngại) towards them from across the forbidding dessert. To their dismay (mất tinh thần) and horror filled eyes, the quaking (kinh hãi) citizenry (toàn thể công dân) had become helpless witnesses to the advancing units of Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi army, relentlessly engaged in the illegal invasion of their homeland. There had been no warning of this pending disaster. Kuwaiti resistance was swept aside much like one casually brushes away a crumb from one’s lapel. (sự kháng cự của Kuwait đã bị đánh bật như phủi sạch hạt bụi trên ve áo) After six days, Hussein declared that he had annexed (thôn tính) Kuwait. The world was stunned (sưungr sốt) by Hussein’s audacity(trơ trẽn táo bạo), and the Middle East became very anxious about what the future may hold for this unsettled region. By August 30, the Arab League, called by President Mubarak of Egypt, attempted to defuse (xoa dịu) this potentially explosive crisis through deft negotiation. (khôn khéo) The Arab League proposed to Hussein that if he would...
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...70,000 are disabled.20% of those deaths were suicides. According to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 28 of the workers at Chernobyl died in the four months following the accident. | Since then, thousands of kids have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, and an almost 20-mile area around the plant remains off-limits. Reactor No. 4 has been sealed off in a large, concrete sarcophagus that is slowly deterioratingThe environmental group Greenpeace places the eventual death toll at 93,000 cancer deaths worldwide. More than 5 million people live in areas that are considered to be "contaminated" with radioactive material from the accident | Some people have returned to the affected area with their families in order to take advantage of the government's compensation benefit.Late in 1986, Union Carbide filed a lengthy court document in India detailing the findings of its scientific and legal investigations into the cause of the gas release | March 24, 1989 | Exxon Valdez | American oil tanker Exxon Valdez hit Bligh Reef in remote Alaska. The impact released 11 million gallons of oil and polluted the coastline for 500 miles in Alaskan seawaters. The incident happened after ship captain Joseph...
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...pipeline carrying as much as 830,000 barrels a day of a particularly dirty form of oil, expected to reach refineries in Port Arthur, Texas on the Gulf of Mexico. I hear the sound of disaster headed to us faster than a locomotive. Montana is full of pristine water ways and unspoiled lands. The greekgroke web site says sending bitumen down a pipeline is especially problematic and damaging: it’s a more acidic form of petroleum that requires more heat and pressure than conventional oil, which increase pipeline stress to keep it moving. (Chameides) How can this create anything but a hazard to the communities and environments of the states the pipeline is proposed to cross? The Environmental Defense website says Canada’s own environment commissioner says there is a lot the federal government doesn't know about the environmental effects of the oil sands, despite having spent close to $10 billion over the last three decades on climate-change programs. (Staff) Canada’s environmental record has been given a double blow, from a scathing federal audit and a European Commissions assertion to blacklist oil sands products. (Staff) Why would our government even consider putting toxic oil sands across the United States? Canada should use its own refineries and ports that are already established, especially in view of Canada not knowing the full impact the oil sands have on its ecosystems. Pipeline and refinery expansions are taking place with inadequate oversight and information...
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...1. SS Notes 7: Iraq-Kuwait conflict Causes of conflict Factors: Economic problems, oil production and dispute over territoryEconomic problems: Iraq had previously fought a war with Iran, which drained its reserves. As aresult, Iraq’s economy was severely weakened. Iraq also had debts to other countries such as the USand France. For example, Iraq owed about US$80 million in debts. Iraq thus had to find ways to payoff its debts and saw Kuwait as a potential solution. Thus the economic problems of Iraq are animportant cause of conflict between Iraq and Kuwait.Oil production: Iraq’s main source of income is through the sale of oil. Oil production wasmaintained by OPEC, to prevent a decline in oil prices. However, Kuwait ignored its quota, thus theprice of oil dropped from US$18 to US$7 per barrel. This loss of revenue for Iraq meant that it wasunable to pay off its debts through the sale of oil. This prompted Iraq to look for alternative ways tosettle their debts and looked to Kuwait as a potential solution. Thus oil production is an importantcause of the Iraq-Kuwait conflict.Territorial dispute: Some borders in the region were not well defined as both Iraq and Kuwaitinherited their borders from the British. There were thus clashes between the two countries as theyboth wanted certain territories for themselves. An example is the Rumaila oilfield. The Rumailaoilfield was shared between both countries as its borders were not clearly defined. However in 1990,Iraq claimed that Kuwait...
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...Bp also known as British Petroleum “is one of the world's leading international oil and gas companies, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemicals products for everyday items.” This establishment has over 80 operations under its umbrella ranging from the United States to Australia. Oil companies such as BP constantly try to find the next best way to dig and find oil underneath the surface of the earth. Not only do they have well educated persons there to help measure, dig, etc., but they also have a great number of technological resources. The resources that are used include: 3D film that Geologists look at in a room called the HIVE (highly immersive visual environment). In this room, all persons that deal with finding oil come together and view this film to help determine where to drill and how successful they will be in doing so (BP). Finding oil is a science, there isn’t much guessing done without tools and maps to find it. Before there were a host of technology-based programs, oil companies had to search for oil by finding natural oil bubbles that came to surface in what is called a seapage (BP). Even then, there were no true promises that if the drilling began that they would strike gold, they just hoped that there was something deep beyond the earth’s surface. According to BP, “drilling is the only sure way to find out whether there is oil or gas down there”. There are also precautions that are...
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...where Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was located. Impact of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons gave information on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Which is the largest marine oil spill in United States history. It estimated the amount of oil spilled into the ocean the Federal government accepted estimate of 4.1 million barrels of oil and 7 million was supported by independent researchers. Furthermore, an estimated 2.1 million gallons of dispersants were applied at the ocean surface and the wellhead. This study demonstrated that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and contributed to temporary increases in the bioavailable concentration of PAHs. Additionally, the data provide measures of potential exposures to PAHs in ecologically sensitive coastal areas, accessed by large human populations, which can be incorporated into ongoing studies in a variety of fields. Oil Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: Implications for the Mississippi River Delta Ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill summarized the general knowledge of oil spill impacts on coastal marshes. Relative to the chemistry of oil and its related toxicity; the capacity of microbial processes to degrade oil and reduce toxicity; the responses of wetland vegetation, benthic biota, and marsh-dependent fishery resources to oil; and impacts on ecosystem services on which humans rely. Ecological Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Implications...
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...Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A StateCorporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Elizabeth A. Bradshaw Western Michigan University, brads2ea@cmich.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Bradshaw, Elizabeth A., "Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill" (2012). Dissertations. Paper 53. This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact maira.bundza@wmich.edu. DEEPWATER, DEEP TIES, DEEP TROUBLE: A STATE-CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ANALYSIS OF THE 2010 GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL by Elizabeth A. Bradshaw A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology Advisor: Ronald C. Kramer, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN June 29, 2012 Date WE HEREBY APPROVE THE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY Elizabeth A. Bradshaw ENTITLED Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS...
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...Title of Paper Courtney Gardner University Of Phoenix Comm 215 Dr. Thomas Chamberlain What’s really important to America oil or our future? In today’s world, trying to remember exactly what is important is more of a challenge then it sounds. With the consent changes in the economy for good and bad, environmental issues and the ever so important war on terror as a result the leadership in this country is constantly of scrutiny and being told its not doing the jog we elected them to do. We never really stop and ask ourselves what is really important to us as a country and a people, and what can we do to help the government get those tasks done. The economy is not in the best of shape and unemployment is at a high like never before and the leadership is busy pointing the finger and off putting blame on the adjacent dept. or political party. And yet we can only focus on the oil spills and the cleanup. With the recent hike in crime in the nation due mainly to the unemployment that has plagued America for the last couple of years, and the threat of families losing their homes, who is at fault is at very least not important or relevant at all. Public perception about the economy is of great importance in politics and how it is conducted. Take for instance what is stated on the option and attitude forming factor of perception over reality the American...
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...Devereaux Jennings University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R6 CANADA dj1@ualberta.ca 780.492.3998 Forthcoming in the Journal of Management Inquiry October 2010 The authors would like thank Marvin Washington and one anonymous reviewer from the Journal of Management Inquiry for helpful feedback and encouragement in the writing of this article. 1 ABSTRACT This paper argues that the BP Oil Spill is, potentially, a “cultural anomaly” for institutional changes in environmental management and fossil fuel production. The problem as defined by the spill’s context, the potential solutions provided by the competing logics in that context, and the selection of problem-solution bundles through the fortuitous timing of events and more calculative efforts of institutional entrepreneurs within that context have come close to acting as a catalyst for deeper change; but not quite. For reasons we discuss, true change in our approach to handling issues related to oil drilling, oil consumption and environmental management have yet to occur. 2 THE BP OIL...
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...Colton Monts Professor Lennis Polnac English Composition I 20 February 2014 Environmental Destruction The environment has always been a major concern with the mass-utilization of its recourses by the human race. It is safe to say that the environment is not what it used to be. With human advancement comes more responsibility, thus requiring more care for the earth.(Variety 3) The safety the environment is essential for living and maintaining healthy inhabitants. There are many obstacles facing the environment; in order to understand how to promote sustainability, it is my aim to identify its most critical challenges. Overpopulation It is human nature to expand and reproduce; however, when humans invade an open space, they tend to lose the free services that nature provides. This population growth is viewed as the fundamental cause of environmental decay. While it is an important source of development, it can also be devastating to the environment. (Variety 3). In many places throughout the world population is exceeding its means in which the environment cannot sustain a healthy habitat for all. The ratio of humans to resources is becoming unbalanced, thus causing the scarcity of nature before it can replenish itself. Take China for example, overpopulation has become a serious concern since the end of World War ll. An article by Riviera relays her experience in Beijing in 2013 during its worst pollutant pandemic since 1954. She describes, “The acrid smell of...
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...deceleration during the period post 1965. The next decline in economic performance was due to oil shocks and currency devaluation prior to New Economic Policy of 1991. Apart from this the economic performance was affected by crises such as the Asian Financial Crisis and the global financial crisis of 2008. During the period of 1965-66, the economic performance deteriorated and there was a huge trade deficit. Subsequently there was currency devaluation to the extent of 56.75%. This was due to reasons like the war with Pakistan and China and the drought that hit the country. The first oil shock in 1973 resulted in a decline in economic performance but was absorbed by buoyant exports. The second oil shock of 1979 was more severe and the government has to resort to heavy borrowing. This was further aggravated by the Gulf war in 1990-91. Despite the recovery in 2009-2010 and 2010-11, the economic performance on the country deteriorated in 2011-12 due to adverse external environmental factors and low domestic investment. In addition to observing the trend in national income, it is also necessary to look at the structural shift of the economy over the years. The Indian economy has shifted from an agrarian economy with a decline from 57% in 1950-51 to 40% in 1980‐81 to 24 per cent in 1995‐96. During 2009-10, it was 16%. The industry sector has remained fairly stable at around 25% since 1987. With respect to services, four services, namely trade, transport, banking and communication have contributed...
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...In this Sustainability Review, we look at how we are working to enhance safety and risk management, earn back trust and grow value, following the Gulf of Mexico accident. Stakeholder voices External and internal stakeholders have been essential in shaping this report. Many of their insights and opinions are highlighted here and online. We also include observations and a summary statement from our external assurance provider, Ernst & Young. During our work we interviewed staff responsible for engaging with external stakeholders and reviewed evidence of how information from these dialogues is captured. We have also attended a selection of briefings to investors and two of the roundtable discussions held in 2011 to understand the perspectives of various thought leaders on how BP should evolve its reporting and communications. We noted that stakeholders welcome this dialogue but there remains a desire for more comprehensive reporting on how BP is changing. Ernst & Young Observation Find out more online This Sustainability Review is a summary of information that is expanded upon online. Our website, bp.com/sustainability, is an integral part of our group sustainability reporting, and covers our sustainability issues in more depth. The website includes detailed information about our environmental, social and safety performance – through additional data, commentary and case studies. Find out more online...
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...Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and BP Environmental Clean-Up Deb Schoenwether MGMT 312 Creativity & Innovation December 8, 2010 Submitted By: Joe Panayiotou Angela Merryfield Sonya Meggs Lisa Parker Kristi Mathews Introduction: (Lisa Parker) On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on an offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 28 people. It was later found that the wellhead was damaged and was leaking oil from the British Petroleum (BP) Oil Refinery into the Gulf of Mexico. In a report on the incident issued by BP on September 8, the company admitted that there were weaknesses in the cement design and testing. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. BP is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. BP is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its largest division is BP America, which is the biggest producer of oil and gas in the United States and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. (Wikipedia, 2010) This significant oil spill poses a serious threat to people, industries, businesses, wildlife and beaches along the coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The spill continues to cause extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats as well as the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries. BP states that they will recruit a series of teams to clean-up the shorelines and workers will receive safety training before clean-up takes place...
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