...Chronic anaemia may result from the malnutrition in dominant EB in recessive forms of EB there is still research being conducted. The rate of anemia is normally higher in EB affected persons than non EB affected persons. There are many reasons the anemia occurs in the EB population. Iron deficiency and protein loss from unhealed wounds are main proponents. Blood transfusions are a tricky topic for this area as some populations may have an iron overload such as those predisposed to sickle cell anemia. Other complications include chronic blood loss from scarring resulting in reduced hemoglobin (Hwang, Shelley Ji Eun et al. 2015).Cardiomyopathy may result as a complication this is where the heart has has a difficult time pumping blood to your...
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...ASSIGNMENTS 2 DISCUSSION ESSAY Topic: Iron deficiency anaemia is a condition which affects many women during pregnancy, in developing countries. Discuss the causes and effects of iron deficiency anaemia on both mother and baby. Introduction Anaemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health problem and it affects more than 56 million women worldwide (Imdad, & Bhutta, 2012). The world health organisation estimates that 58% of pregnant women in developing countries are anaemic. The greatest burden of anaemia is borne by Asia and Africa where it is estimated that 60% and 52% of women, respectively, are anaemic, and between 1% and 5% are severely anaemic (Guidotti, 2000). Multiple factors lead to anaemia in pregnancy, nutritional iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia (Guidotti, 2000). Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is due to insufficient iron, without enough iron, human body can't produce enough haemoglobin, which a substance in red blood cells, so that they cannot carry oxygen to body tissues (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Yong children and pregnant and postpartum women are the most commonly and severely affected because of the high iron demands of infant growth and pregnancy. IDA in pregnancy can be a risk factor for preterm delivery and subsequent low birth weight, and possibly for inferior neonatal health (Allen, 2000). This essay will discuss some of the causes and effects of iron deficiency anaemia on both mother and baby. Body One of the reasons...
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...condition, which may be treated by such donation. The 1990 HFE Act didn’t contain specific legislation with regards to the treatment of ‘saviour siblings.’ However, a number of high profile cases soon occurred to emphasise the need for clear-cut regulations surrounding the concept. Furthermore, the 2006 Department of Health review of the HFE Act 1990 recommended that the creation of saviour siblings be permitted in order to ‘enable the identification of a tissue match for an older sibling suffering from a life-threatening illness, where umbilical cord blood is to be used in treatment. ‘HFE Act 1990 recommended that the creation of saviour siblings be permitted.’ For children with life-limiting blood disorders such as Diamond Blackfan Anaemia, one of the best available treatments is a transfusion of stem cells from cord blood provided by a tissue-matched donor. Pre-implantation tissue typing (PTT) offers parents the chance of conceiving a child who is a tissue match with their older sibling. Using a tissue-matched donor who is a close relative of the recipient often means that treatment is more likely to be successful. Although this treatment can be mentally damaging, it saves the life of a much-loved child, without jeoperdising the health of the donor in the long-term. Pre-implantation tissue typing (PTT) As a parent researching information regarding the treatment, it is important to seek the view of a physician or procedure supervisor. In the United Kingdom and the United...
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...Freddie Ntunga | Student ID Number: 21608670 Bucks New University Abstract An Essay Discusing the ImpacT of Sickle Cells on an Individual Health & Illness across the Life Span Introduction The concept of health is purely abstract in form and therefore remains indefinable to a great extent. It may be referred to an aspect that is considered to be prima facie with regard to the fulfilment of all kinds of objectives of human life. Being healthy does not essentially refer to being disease free only, as the World Health Organiastion definition of health encompasses a state of well being from the mental, psychological, social and physical perspectives. For providing a comprehensive definition to the concept of health it is vital to focus on the various aspects of health. The definitions of health can either address the functional needs of the humans which would put more attention on the individual’s ability to deal with various kind of situations and head towards its destination or from the humanist approach it can be considered as the state of self actualization that can be linked with empowerment. Health in other words can be stated as a pulpit which begets achievement. Health is the result of the natural environment, the built up environment and the social environment that the individuals are surrounded with from the time of its very conception ( Zhang et al,.2011). The natural environment constitutes the genetic background of the individuals involving certain unique...
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...Describe how haemoglobin binds and releases oxygen, emphasising the role of cooperativity. In this essay I will be describing how haemoglobins ability to change its structure between tense and relaxed form gives it the ability to change its affinity for binding and releasing oxygen, and how this regulation, cooperativity, enables the protein to carry out its function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to respiring tissues efficiently. The structure of haemoglobin consists of 4 polypeptide chains, 2 alpha chains 141 amino acids in length and 2 beta chains 146 amino acids in length which, are both structurally similar (diatronic). Attached to each chain is a haem group which involves Fe2+ ion held in a heterocyclic ring known as porphyrin(bristol). Iron in haem is bound to 4 nitrogen atoms in the centre of the ring, leaving two binding sites, one site is occupied by a polar histidine which leaves the last site available for binding with oxygen (bristol). Haem is a prosthetic group as it is bound firmly within the active centre of the medium that it can leave the protein (book). Haemoglobin has the ability to change shape based on the environmental conditions and comes in two structures, relaxed and tense. The difference between these two structures is a 15 degree rotation between the alpha and beta dimers (davidson). This rotation changes the...
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...Myocardial Infarction Mortality 1.0 Introduction In the UK, about 838,000 men and 394,000 women have had a myocardial infarction (MI) at some point in their lives, (NICE clinical guideline 48, 2007). The latest statistics from the British Heart Foundation state that approximately 227,000 people suffer from an acute MI (heart attack) each year (British Heart Foundation Statistics Website). To put this figure in to perspective this equates to one person every 2 minutes. Mortality is at approximately 30% which is 68,100 deaths in the UK per year. The National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart disease (CHD) is a 10-year programme published by the Department of Health in 2000 and has set key standards for the prevention and treatment of CHD. Access to the right treatment for those who suffer from an AMI, is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve clinical outcomes. People with diabetes mellitus constitute a group of patients who have a higher risk of having an MI and also a poorer prognosis post infarction. The higher death and complication rates appear to be multifactorial but a significant finding in the Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) Trial showed to reduce one year mortality by 30% (Malberg et al., 1995). It’s recommended 1.1 Primary Objective To determine the relationship between HbA1c and prognosis of patients in East Lancashire having a myocardial infarction. 1.2 Secondary Objectives To assess...
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...The aim of this essay is to explore an acute deterioration in the health of an adult I have encountered during a clinical placement, in an acute care setting. The essay will begin with a definition of acute care, followed by the introduction of my patient and predisposing factors. This essay will include an explanation of the significant pathophysiological changes and related clinical manifestations and a critical analysis of the nursing interventions implemented during the acute episode of care, focusing on holistic care, rationale and evidence base. It will then describe the actual deterioration in the patient’s condition, and discuss the nurse’s role in the recognition and assessment of the actual deteriorating condition following the trusts policies. Assessment tools, monitoring, detecting and reporting will be considered. Finally this essay will include a discussion of the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the diagnosis and provision of care during the acute episode, and a discussion on whether the deterioration could have been prevented by identifying any areas of practice which could change in relation to evidence based practice. For the purposes of privacy and confidentiality, in accordance with NMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term “acute” is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration...
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...is the presence of foreign substances (pollutants) in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution is the leading cause of several diseases. During the past few years, air pollution has emerged as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Air Pollutants: Air Pollutants refer to the liquids, solids and gases that are not normal constituents of air. Presence of such substances beyond tolerable limits may be hazardous to plant, animal and human life. Air pollutants include oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended inorganic particulate matters, inorganic and organic acids, insecticides, bacteria, viruses, etc. Also read: Essay on Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects and Solution Characteristics: Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: * The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. * The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and trans-boundary transport of pollutants. * The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. * The extent of industrialization and population density. Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution includes both natural sources and man-made source (anthropogenic). A. Natural sources: The natural sources of air pollutants includes volcanic eruptions, forest...
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...Proper nutrition is a powerful good: people who are well nourished are more likely to be healthy, productive and able to learn. Good nutrition benefits families, their communities and the world as a whole. Undernutrition is, by the same logic, devastating. It blunts the intellect, saps the productivity of everyone it touches and perpetuates poverty. Stunting - or low height for age - traps people into a lifelong cycle of poor nutrition, illness, poverty and inequity. The damage to physical and cognitive development, especially during the first two years of a child’s life, is largely irreversible. A child’s poorer school performance results in future income reductions of up to 22 per cent on average. As adults, they are also at increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) period from birth to two years of age is the “critical window” for the promotion of good growth, health, and behavioral and cognitive developmentmothers are empowered to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth, breastfeed exclusively for the first six months and continue to breastfeed for two years or more, together with nutritionally adequate, safe, age appropriate, responsive complementary feeding starting at six months. Maternal nutrition is also important for ensuring good nutrition status of the infant as well as safeguarding women's health. . The Deadly Opposition to Genetically Modified Food Vitamin A deficiency has killed 8 million kids in...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CAPE ® BIOLOGY SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC A10/U2/07 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone: (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2007, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC A10/U2/07 ii Contents RATIONALE.....................................................................................................................................................1 AIMS ..................................................................................................................................................................1 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ...............................................................................................2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .......................................................................................................5 STRUCTURE...
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...Unit 21: Nutrition for Health and Social Care Unit code: L/601/2407 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose This unit aims to give learners an understanding of current thinking on nutritional health particularly relating to users of health and social care services. Learners will then be able to apply this understanding and make recommendations to improve the nutritional health of an individual. Unit introduction This unit builds on learner understanding of the principles introduced in Unit 5: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care. Improvements in the diet of individuals are increasingly being recognised as a significant factor in maintaining, or effecting improvements, in overall health. It is therefore important that people working in the health and social care sectors, or those who are responsible for the wellbeing of others, have a good understanding of nutrition and diet. This unit gives learners an understanding of nutrition from a science-based perspective and of the role that food plays in social contexts. The unit may also provide useful underpinning knowledge for the study of food hygiene and practical culinary skills. Learners will explore concepts of nutrition using the language of nutritional science. Different aspects of nutritional health will be defined and routine ways of measuring this explored. Other aspects of nutritional data will involve describing...
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...Impact of Poor Nutrition on the Academic Performance of Grade Seven learners: A Case of Zimbabwe Kudzai Chinyoka Great Zimbabwe University Department of Educational Foundations Email: chinyokak@gmail.com Doi:10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 Abstract This paper examined the impact of poor nutrition on the academic performance of grade seven learners at two primary schools in Chivi, Zimbabwe. Its main objective is to identify mitigation policies and measures designed to reduce negative effects of poor nutrition on children’s academic performance. Malnutrition remains one of the major obstacles to human well-being affecting all areas of a child's growth and development, including performance in the classroom. The study is grounded in Maslow’s motivational and needs theory. In this study, a qualitative phenomenological case study design was used with focus group discussions, interviews and observations as data collection instruments to twelve (12) grade seven learners, three (3) headmasters and four (4) teachers, purposively sampled in Masvingo province. Findings revealed that malnutrition affected physical growth, cognitive development and it consequently impacts on academic performance, health and survival of learners. Malnutrition also deepens poverty due to increased health care costs. The study also established that hungry and undernourished grade seven learners were not able to take on physical work and sporting activities...
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...Wing 2010). It is most often seen in nullparous and younger women and there appears to be a link with lower socioeconomic status, diabetes and sickle cell disease, although not with ethnicity (Hill et al 2005, Jolley et al 2012). It is more common in the 2nd and 3rd trimester (Archabald et al 2009, Hazhir 2007, Hill et al 2005) as the presence of urinary pathogens seems to increase as pregnancy advances (Hill et al 2005). There does appear to be an association between repeated urinary tract infections and sexual activity (Bernard et al 2011, Pfau and Sacks 1992). If not effectively treated, acute pyelonephritis may have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy may lead to septic shock, anaemia, respiratory insufficiency, fluid balance disorders, renal scarring, acute kidney injury, chronic renal insufficiency and death (Hill et al 2005, Jolley and Wing 2010, Jolley et al 2012, Kumar et al 2009, Nwoko et al 2012, Vasquez and Vilar 2010). They have also been associated with pre-labour rupture of membranes, preterm labour...
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...SAMAR COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION CATBALOGAN CITY _________________________________________________________________________ English Correct Usage, American vs. British English, Politically Correct Words, Confusing Words, Things to Remember When Using Numbers, Phrases, Clauses, Sentences, Punctuation Marks _________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for: ENGLISH 101 – STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH Presented by: JERRY S. PACRIN BSED – 3 (CIT) Presented to: ALONA MEDALIA CADIZ – GABEJAN, M.E. September 12, 2013 ENGLISH CORRECT USAGE There are three (3) main language styles: * Formal * Semi-Formal * Informal The diagram below illustrates how these styles are rated on a scale of 0 to 10. Rules of Language Styles The following rules apply to both written and spoken English. Know person well and on familiar terms Know person well and on familiar terms Know name of person and have exchanged greetings. Know name of person and have exchanged greetings. Know title or name of person, Never met or exchanged info. Know title or name of person, Never met or exchanged info. Don’t know anything about the person who receives letter Don’t know anything about the person who receives letter Different Styles between Formal and Informal English The followingn examples illustrate the main difference between informal and formal English. Dictionary of Formal and Informal English ...
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...PGDM 2009-2011 Business Communication II Did Slumdog Millionaire deserve the awards it got? Submitted to: Prof. Virupakshi Goud Submitted by Section C Names: Rachit Bhatia 2009156 Rachita Gulati 2009157 Declaration We, Rachita Gulati and Rachit Bhatia have prepared this report solely for our BC II project. We accept that every coin has 2 facets and we have tried to consider both the perspectives for the said scenario. But then again we might have been biased towards a single perspective. Here we declare that such an instance should be seen as unintentional. While writing this report we have included certain personal opinions and so, it must not be seen as containing derogatory remarks. Place: Nagpur Signatures: Date: 15 December 2009 Acknowledgement We would like to thank Prof. H Virupakshi Goud, Business Communication professor, for giving us this interesting and highly debated topic for the project. This helped us in attaining a lot of information about the film industry, films and awards. This project also helps us to sort out the differing view of people and thus giving a new line of thought to thinking. Thus, it helped us further in realizing the importance of considering all the facets of a situation before giving out a judgement. Abstract Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 film directed by Danny Boyle based in Mumbai, India’s most popular metropolis. The movie was critically acclaimed in the western world as well as in India. It...
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