...inspirational speech by a brilliant actor, Michael J. Fox, not only signifies his strong attitude but also describes the most disheartening detail of the crucial Parkinson’s disease. Like Michael J. Fox, one could have a confident thought towards everything or a cold perspective. Once this disease is introduced in life, it is stuck there. Current research has revealed the causes, symptoms, and the most effective methods of treatment for this debilitating disease. Although there is no cure, advances have been made to give the patient a more quality life....
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...year 1817, a man named James Parkinson diagnosed the disease once known as ‘shaking palsy,’ as Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a central nervous system disorder that affects around 1.5 million people in America alone. James Parkinson was a doctor in London where he wrote a paper about the symptoms of Parkinson. Symptoms for Parkinson’s disease are tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Usually these symptoms are caused in result of degeneration of nerve cells in the Mostly older people have a better chance of catching the disease than younger adults. Parkinson’s disease typically begins between the ages of 50 and 65, hitting about 1% of the population in that age group. For many decades there was not...
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...Parkinson’s Disease Part 1 Melissa Whisman King University NURS 3005 Pathophysiology Jessica Belnap Parkinson’s Disease Part 1 Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder. It is second only to Alzheimer’s disease in commonality (Lees, A. J.,2011). Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive degenerative disorder and is usually idiopathic. The first extensive description of Parkinson’s Disease was written over 2 hundred years ago. In 1817, English physician James Parkinson write an essay describing six causes of a condition called paralysis agitans (Lees, A.J., 2011). The essay, titled “Essay on the Shaking Palsy” described characteristic traits such as resting tremor, abnormal posture and gait, paralysis, and decreased muscle strength, and the way the condition progressed over a period of time (Lees, A.J., 2011). Early neurologists such as Trousseau, Gowers, Kinnier Wilson, and Erb made contributions to the knowledge of Parkinson’s disease. But the most noteworthy was Jean-Martin Charcot. His specific studies between 1868 and 1881 proved to be the turning point in gaining knowledge about the disease (Lees, A.J., 2011). During this particular period of time, Charcot was able to distinguish between muscle rigidity, muscle weakness, and the slowness of movement, also known as bradykinesia. Charcot was instrumental in renaming the disease in honor of James Parkinson. In 1912, Frederic Lewy observed microscopic particles in the...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cellular Disease: Parkinson’s Disease One characteristic that all living beings share is the fact that they are considered to be highly organized, complex creatures. One of the most complex creatures are human beings. The human body contains thousands of genes, proteins and other cellular membranes. Each cell responds to chemical signals from the body or the environment and modifies its behavior in response to signals (Tremblay, 2010). When these cells behave differently from their intended design, the dysfunction is called cellular disease. Cellular disease can include a mutation of the DNA cells, an increase of the amount of cells, insufficiencies in existing cells, or loss of vital cells. Parkinson disease is considered to be one of the most common cellular diseases. It affects the nervous system and causes its victims to experience loss of muscle control. The disease takes place when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. These nerve cells produce a chemical called dopamine that sends signals to the part of the brain that controls movement. It allows muscles to move smoothly and operate as intended (WebMd, 2005). When the cellular disease known as Parkinson’s is present, these nerve cells break down causing a scarcity in the dopamine that is being produced. When there is a deficiency in dopamine, the body tends to move uncontrollably. Parkinson disease is considered a chronic illness. As time progresses...
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...Disorder Paper LaTridia M. Chambers Psych/575 November 15, 2012 Dr. Fred Benner Disorder Paper One of the mostly commonly know neurological disorders within society today is Parkinson’s disease. It is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder (Healthwise, 2010). As of today there isn’t a known cure for Parkinson’s disease. Most patients are diagnosed after age of 60, but symptoms can begin much sooner. The most well-known case of this happening is the case of celebrity Michael J. Fox that was diagnosed at the age of 30 with Parkinson’s disease (MedicineNet, 2004). In order to understand treatment methods, it is essential to understand the history, causes, symptoms and pathology of Parkinson’s disease. The disease received its name from James Parkinson, an English doctor (Jankovic, 2008). Parkinson wrote a paper in 1817 entitled “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy.” In the essay, Parkinson reviewed the cases of 6 of his patients who exhibited symptoms of what is now known as Parkinson’s disease. The disease is complicated to explain. It is caused by a defect in nerve cells in the brain. In normal brains, nerve cells make dopamine. Dopamine in turn is the chemical that tells parts of the brain to send signals that control movement. The disease takes place because there is a deficiency of dopamine because of a defect with the nerve cells that create the chemical (Freed, 2001). Dopamine in a healthy brain travels between two areas of the brain: The Substantia Nigra...
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...Diseases are sometimes extremely devastating and cruel. Some diseases move very rapidly while others are slow and painful. Treatments are sometimes useful yet other times nothing can stop the silent beasts that lurk in the body. Parkinson’s disease is a slow moving disease that slowly corrupts the brain. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic motor disorder that causes tremors, rigidity, slowed body movements, unstable posture and abnormal gait. This happens when neurons, nerve cells, in a part or the brain called the substantial nigra gradually die. These cells normally produce dopamine, a chemical that helps relay messages between areas of the brain that control body movement. The death of the cells leads to abnormal low levels of dopamine, and causes difficulty in controlling muscle tension and muscle movement both at rest and during periods of activity. PD as of now affects about 500,000 Americans, with about 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year. It is generally a disease that affects people of late or middle age at about age 60 however about 5 percent of patients have early-onset PD and are younger than 40 years old when symptoms begin. PD is slightly more common in men then women. So far scientists have not determined the reason why some people develop PD and others do not. Some experts blame a process called oxidation. During oxidation unstable molecules that areproduced in the brain as a result of its normal chemical reactions which ultimately damage the brain. Another...
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...the world. This essay will focus on the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It is obvious that exercise helps people prevent a variety of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, depression and Parkinson’s. This also raises an argument on whether government should play an important role in promoting physical activity. This essay will clarify that it is reasonable for the state to take responsibilities in order to make sure that social health would be improved in the following years. 1/ Introduction A healthy lifestyle and longer lives are always the target that everyone wants to achieve, specifically; it is obvious that one of the most effective ways to do this is through exercise. Exercise generally means physical activity that makes your body strong and healthy. In addition, exercise also benefits mental health, especially in stressful work conditions which can affect individuals who lead busy lives. Therefore, in my opinion, it will be reasonable for the government (the state) to be responsible for ensuring regular exercise of all citizens. This essay consists of three main parts which will discuss the reasons why physical activity is beneficial to everybody. Firstly, the piece shall discuss the positive effects that exercise brings to our physical health. After that, it will focus on mental health as it is clear that physical activity plays a crucial role in keeping our mind active and productive. Finally, as a result, the essay shall represent...
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...University of Phoenix Material Neurological Structures and Functions Worksheet Short-Answer Essays 1. Describe why humans have a blind spot. Humans have blind spots because of the optic nerve information that is sent to the brain from the retina is through the optic nerve. Well the nerve has to have a way to exit the eye, that exit is where the blind spot is. 2. Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones. The retina is what houses the eye’s rods and cones. The eye has about 6 million cones and 120 million rods. Both rods and cones get their names from their shape. Rods do not provide color vision, and are sensitive to dim light. Cones function well in the day and provide color vision. 3. Describe the trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color vision. The opponent-process theory of color vision states how some of our color combnations are some that we never see like reddish-green or yellowish-blue. This theory says that color is basically ran by wo opponent systems which is blue-yellow, and reg green mechanisms. The trichromatic theory of color suggests color vision is formulated by the actions of three different receptors. People who have normal vision of color should have three wavelengths of light to make different colors. 4. Trace the process of interpreting auditory information from the stimulus to the interpretation. When a sound is heard the energy from the sound is changed into nerve impulses...
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...approved Amendment sixty-four. Amendment sixty-four was approved to legalize and retail the sale of marijuana (Hudak, 2015). The amendment was passed even though there was opposition from everyone on the state level as well as law enforcement. In this essay it will be explained to you the medicinal, manufacturing and economical values of legalizing marijuana. Medicinal marijuana has shown promising therapeutic effects in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease as well as rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple cannabinoids including delta nine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol make up most of the chemical additives of marijuana and have been proven to be much less addictive than alcohol (Grotenhermen,2015). Inhalation through smoking and vaporization are the most common route to administer medical marijuana. Other methods have included rectal, transdermal, and intravenous ways routes as well. Medicinal Marijuana has also been found to help the appetites of HIV/AIDS as well as cancer patients. The cannabinoids in medicinal marijuana have pain reducing properties when given to patients who suffer from numerous ailments and medical conditions, including but not limited to Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and glaucoma. Tests have been successfully conducted on patients who use medicinal marijuana since the 1990’s (ProCon.org, 2015). Medical marijuana has been proven to help in the natural insulin regulation of diabetics. Hemp is the stems of the marijuana...
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...the ease of navigation through the links contained on the site. This essay will address these issues and more. The links on the site are set up in a manner that makes them easy to find and easy to use. Once you get to the website there are links at the top of the page that take you to various issues that are leading to the way of life many people are currently living. Food, community, health, transportation, and design are all areas in which people can make changes for the better in order to lead a more healthy lifestyle. Each link contains large amounts of information that makes finding the answers that people look for easy. Dr. Jackson has spent the vast majority of his professional life studying the impact that auto-centric lifestyles have on the people of various communities. He spent many years with the Center of Disease Control. One of his core beliefs is that because of people’s reliance on cars and poor eating the current generation of children’s life expectancy is going to be less than that of their parents. The information contained on the website is easy to find and easy to understand. The various categories that anybody is interested in are clearly visible and easy to use. Finding information on how often the website is updated was a bit challenging. The websites offered many videos that go into detail on various health topics such as obesity, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. The videos were easy to understand and contained more than enough information...
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...In this short essay, I will be attempting to define difference by describing the concept in my own words with the inclusion of examples. Difference may allude to several variants, including behavioural, physical, anecdotal or a set of beliefs. Groups based on age, sex, class, religion and ethnicity all differentiate when relating or corresponding to those variants (Blakeley and Staples, 2014, p. 25). Physical variants may refer to the elderly, who are susceptible to different diseases and health related issues (e.g. Parkinson's, Arthritis, Alzheimer's) than those in their teens or early adulthood. Difference can be examined through individual or group choices. People may have different tastes and choices in clothes and restaurants. Others may prefer to choose different methods of travel. Certain groups of people may use different shops and stores. On City Road, the older generations typically use the Taste Buds Café, for it's friendly and secure environment where the elderly are made to feel welcome. The same people who use the Taste Buds Café may be different to those who use The Municipal Club, which is frequented by a small community of nostalgic pub goers who reminisce on times gone past (The Open University, 2015). Xquisite Africa and the Mackintosh Centre may appeal to people from different ethnic backgrounds and groups due to their differing identities and cultural connections (Blakeley and Staples, 2014, p. 25). Those looking to tap into their African heritage...
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...Stem Cell Research Essay Stem Cell research is a highly controversial topic in the world of science. Many people disagree with and oppose the research because of their belief that the research is unethical. The laws regarding the research of Stem cells vary from country to country. Many countries have very strict laws on the research and some have completely banned it. There are many organizations and scientists that are pushing for the research and study of the stem cells. These viewpoints establish that Stem cells can be very beneficial for human use. There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic, tissue and induced pluripotent (Euro Stem Cell, 2012). Embryonic stem cells are used because they do not have a designated function...
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...Hannah Farelli Block 4 Mr. Zigerelli Grammar/Composition 6 March 2014 Persuasive Essay Does coffee help improve one’s performance in school or at the workplace? According to several sources, such as the makers of the infamous Livestrong brand and researchers at Mayo Clinic, it does. Caffeine not only aids in motivating one to wake up faster but also spurs cognitive performance, improve memory, and concentration. Combatting fatigue from rising early in the morning, coffee also helps improve alertness as well. The caffeine in coffee has proven successful at improving both selective and sustained attention. A study done by the ISIC gathered two test groups. One group was habitual coffee drinkers; those who consume coffee on a regular basis as a part of their daily diet. The latter group, the non-coffee drinkers, was those who do not utilize coffee in a consistent diet. In those who habitually consumed coffee, the dosage of caffeine needed to increase performance levels was 400mg. In the non-habitual consumers, the dose was 200mg. These test subjects proved that caffeine consumption helped deter sleep inertia, therefore decreasing the amount of mistakes or accidents in the workplace. Sleep inertia is characterized by grogginess and lack of motor dexterity and is the usual cause of one desiring to return to sleep upon awakening (ISIC, 2004). Furthermore, the positive effects of caffeine can be found in attentive performance. ESFA, a selective group of scientists, reviewed...
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...Bioloical and psychology essay psy 340 wk 1 individual assignment Biopsychological Essay Biological psychology is combining psychology with biology and studying what kind of impact biology plays in our behavior. In other words, how does the physical brain affect our psychological behavior? It is a biological approach to the study of psychology. This has also been referred to as psychobiology, behavioral biology, or behavioral neuroscience Biopsychology did not develop into a discipline o f its own until the 20th century. While the exact date s not clear, in 1949 the publication of “The Organization of Behavior” by D.O. Hebb. This publication was significant in its emergence in bringing biopsychology to the forefront of study. In this book Hebb's theory was about the complex psychology such as perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and memories might have a strong influence from actual brain activity. Hebb based his theories on experiments of humans and laboratory animals, clinical case studies, logical arguments, and his own observations of daily life. To go back even further, we can look at Aristotle, or Plato. While it may not have been considered as a study of it’s own, we should not forget their early contributions. It is the very beginning of taking a look at the brain as the key to all thoughts, behaviors, and philosophical thoughts. Aristotle looked at the brain in ways that were not yet considered. Opening a new world of psychology or at least...
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...Final Essay Katie Beauchamp COM/155 June 16, 2013 Dr. Andrews Many people know someone who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. It is confusing how some people use these names interchangeably. While Alzheimer’s disease and dementia have similar characteristics, the treatment for the disease is based on symptoms as well as how the diseases are acquired. Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia so they are very closely related. (Fraller, 2013) Knowing the slight differences between the two diseases could, in some cases, mean a cure. Both Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are caused by a dysfunction in the brain. In Alzheimer’s disease, there is a loss of brain cells brought on by age. Studies have shown that 10% of all people over the age of 65 and 50% of people over the age of 85 have Alzheimer’s. Out of all those people, only 1% of them inherited the disease. Someone who has experienced multiple head injuries or high insulin levels are also at a greater risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s. On the other hand, dementia is caused by changes to the brain. These changes may be caused by a stroke, brain tumors, or even head injuries. Diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, hyperthyroidism, B12 deficiency, and fluid build-up on the brain have also been known to cause dementia. (Healthwise Incorporated, 2011) Once the causes of the two diseases have been determined, it is important to discuss the symptoms. The similarities between the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease...
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