...Feminism is the fight for equal rights of both genders. Feminists try to gain the rights that women have been deprived of, but men have always seemed to have. Much of the world portrayed women as dispensable house wives before the turn of the 20th century. It wasn’t until the idea of a global war that women started to gain importance and value throughout society. Women worked in the factories and other various jobs during the war. They enjoyed the independence they experienced from receiving their own paycheck. Preceding the war, women began to riot and march as groups that stood for equal rights of both genders. These women impacted today’s society and the rights of women with their perseverance for change. They liberated and gained civil rights for women that lead to equal rights in many countries throughout Western Europe. Women changed the social, economic, and political factors of the world with their movements, which in turn, entirely changed the way they were perceived and valued. Socially, women suffered in the pre-war era. Women worked in their homes for most of their lives. They had no control over matters like reproduction or daycare because no methods were presented to them. Birth control was non-existent and day care wasn’t needed because women were expected to be at home during the day. Women had no control over their own body; they were forced to have children they didn’t want because of conflict with their spouse and were also forced into having illegal abortions...
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...Across the world, humankind is synonymous about the fear of the big F-word: feminism. This fear generally emanates from the misconception about the true definition about the people supporting this movement. The definition of feminism has been distorted over the years, molded to fit the stereotype of a “feminist”. Feminist: A person who believes in the social, political, economic, equality of the sexes. A feminist is often associated with the stereotype of an irate, manipulating man-hater although, only the few minority actually fall into this generalization. Feminists can come in all sizes: ebony, white, Asian, female, male, European, masculine, feminine etc. Many people do not understand the significance of feminism in our world and to do...
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...Kiana Rivera ENG 101/1:00 Shafer FEMINISM IS THE RADICAL NOTION THAT WOMEN ARE PEOPLE Bra-burning and man-hating extremists, feminists are branded as insane, radical women who want to establish a matriarchy. While some feminists are angry and some hate men, not all feminists do. Actually, according to Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner in The F-Word: Feminism in Jeopardy, feminism “simply means the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.” (Feminism, Oppoising Viewpoints, pg 14) We only ever hear of the negative associated with feminism. When anti-feminist people are asked questions, most don’t understand why they believe that feminism is wrong and extreme; they do not understand why it is so vitally important, and why, even in 2013, it is still a relevant issue. Although there's a lot of information about feminism out there, much of it is judgmental, misinformed, or quite simply false. Women should have equal rights as men, and taking a stand to achieve this ideal with feminism is what’s slowly accomplishing this goal. According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, feminism is “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities; organized activity in support of women's rights and interests.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, pg 1) In an article by Rachel Fudge, published in 2005 she brings up a very valid point on the issue of feminism and the many years that is has been around: “Despite 150 years of activism in pursuit of women's...
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...Conventional Gothic gender roles are challenged by Carter through the tongue in cheek nature of some of the stories in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ most notably, Puss in Boots in which the supposed ‘innocent’ and ‘naïve’ female wants to kill her husband in order for new love. Not only this, Carter also uses the theme of feminism to challenge stereotypical female roles in stories which inadvertently also happens to challenge the roles of women in Gothic literature. Her use of feminism seems to be a result of her upbringing where she was heavily influenced by the first and second wave of feminism that achieved gains in gender equality giving way to more sexual liberation and freedom for women. One of the stories where conventional gothic gender roles are most notably challenged is ‘The Tiger’s Bride’ where the female, the daughter of a man who gambled her away to a beast, is the protagonist of the story and seemingly in charge of her fate, whether it be sexual or in loyalty. This mirrors ‘The Taming of the Shrew’, where Katherina is initially in charge of her fate and her sexual fate before she is “tamed” by Petruchio, the story also juxtaposes ‘The shrew’ as it is her who is tamed, while in ‘The Tiger’s Bride’ the protagonist is the one who tames the beast by choosing him over her own father. The contrast in storylines emphasises how gender roles in general have been severely challenged by Carter, giving the effect of female empowerment especially contrasting the male empowerment in ‘Taming...
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...On February 1st 1945 women’s suffrage was finally introduced in Italy. On June 2nd 1946, Italian women voted for the first time for the national referendum, which was the choice between monarchy and republic, and for the constituent Assembly. Twenty-one women were elected and took part in creating the Italian Constitution . The women elected sustained the principles of equality and obtained important results regarding labor, wages and maternity. However women’s votes did not lead to an increase in their representation in Parliament. Starting from the year 1945, the amount of female members in the Parliament decreased, reaching a low stage in 1968, and that occurred because women were making up only 3 percent of deputies . Furthermore equal...
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...Cesare Lombroso: “Father of Criminology” Biagina Wickham Le Moyne College CJS 221 Abstract Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) was known as “the father of criminology.” He was an Italian that was convinced that serious and violent offenders had inherited criminal traits. He created a strict biological determinism and this allowed for a jumping off point for other criminologists. Cesare Lombroso is known as the “father of criminology”. He branched his research off of positivism and the studies of J.K. Lavater, Franz Joseph Gall, Johann K. Spurzheim, and the classical criminology work of Cesare Beccaria. Classical criminology brought forth a closer look at criminals and their behavior and Beccaria was the “first [to call] public attention to those wretched beings.(CRIMINALMAN)” Lombroso viewed the Classical School of Criminology as being based “on the assumption that [most] criminals are endowed with intelligence and feelings like normal individuals, and that they commit...
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...The campaign for suffrage - a historical background Today, all British citizens over the age of eighteen share a fundamental human right: the right to vote and to have a voice in the democratic process. But this right is only the result of a hard fought battle. The suffrage campaigners of the nineteenth and early twentieth century struggled against opposition from both parliament and the general public to eventually gain the vote for the entire British population in 1928. ------------------------------------------------- Who took part in the campaign? The first women's suffrage bill came before parliament in 1870. Soon after its defeat, in 1897, various local and national suffrage organisations came together under the banner of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) specifically to campaign for the vote for women on the same terms 'it is or may be granted to men'. The NUWSS was constitutional in its approach, preferring to lobby parliament with petitions and hold public meetings. In contrast, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), formed in 1903, took a more militant view. Almost immediately, it characterised its campaign with violent and disruptive actions and events. Together, these two organisations dominated the campaign for women's suffrage and were run by key figures such as the Pankhurstsand Millicent Fawcett. However, there were other organisations prominent in the campaign, including the Women's Freedom League (WFL). These groups were often...
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...Maria Montessori Shadaya Cox University of Scranton Abstract This paper is about Maria Montessori and all she did to expand Early Childhood Education. She opened the world’s eyes to education for both normal and mentally deficient people. She paved the way for women in a male dominant world. She was also the first woman in Rome to get her medical degree at the University of Rome. Maria Montessori was an Italian woman born in 1870. She was born during "a time of extreme repression of women in Italy as elsewhere" (Bloom, Martin. "Primary Prevention and Early Childhood Education: An Historical Norte on Maria Montessori." ProQuest Education Journals (n.d.): n. pag. Print.). Maria was "a woman who wanted to shape her own destiny and life" (Peltzman, Barbara Ruth. "The Montessori Method. The Origins of an Educational Innovation." (n.d.): n. pag. Print.). She is known for being the first woman to receive a medical degree from the University of Rome. Initially, she was not admitted to the school because of her gender. Her own father was against the idea of hew pursuing a male dominant career path. Nonetheless, he still escorted her to and from classes each day, as it was ill advised for attractive young girls to be seen alone in public. Montessori drew on the writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau was a "Swiss educator who worked with culturally deprived children" (Bloom, Martin. "Primary Prevention and Early Childhood Education: An Historical Norte on Maria Montessori." ProQuest...
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...This creates an obvious loss of identity for the individuals in the society, however this is not only the case for individuals. There are global examples of this as well, for instance the example of the European Union. The European Union is a great example to show the unity of nations and the interrelations between these states that help the European countries come to certain understandings about their political, economic or social well beings. However, countries such as Italy are now not pleased with the Union, where a substantial amount of the nation does not necessarily trust it anymore because they did not get the certain outcomes that they wanted and possibly may have felt like they were losing their own identity as a nation. This is made clear through the argument that many Italians are pushing to move away from the Euro currency, which is something that fundamentally connects the nations within the union, because they believe that it “has destroyed...
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...Realism in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Churchill’s Top Girls Nineteen-century Europe held rigid conventionalisms of class division, social order and gender roles. Society hid behind the mask of hypocrisy in an attempt to preserve bourgeoisie’s position of power. In that concern, conceptions of ‘liberty of the spirit’[1] and ‘liberty of thought and of the human condition’[2] came to question. Thus, Henrik Ibsen drew attention to the threat to ideas of freedom and public opinion by giving life to A Doll’s House (1879). He aimed to critique constraints of Victorian society rather than vindicating the rights of women. In that sense, in a speech given in his honour by the Norwegian Women’s Rights League on 26 May 1898 he stresses: ‘Whatever I have written has been without any conscious thought of making propaganda. […] To me it has seemed a problem of humanity in general.’[3] Ibsen clearly states he strove to expose the manipulation of individuals’ liberties as he worked for the human cause. In Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls (1982) the aim of the play is to reveal how the fulfilment of women’s self-realization needs in the personal and social spheres is achieved by compromising humanity and morality. In the end, what ‘The New Woman’ gets is disillusionment and loneliness as she finds herself in a predicament: mother or career woman, sensitive or hardened. In Top Girls what is represented is the price women pay to go up the corporate ladder in a male-dominant world. Thus, I will...
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...This essay is an attempt to examine A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, within the critical theoretical framework of Chris Weedon’s essay, ‘Feminism and the Principles of Post Structuralism’. At the heart of feminist post structuralism lies the theory of post structuralism itself. The theory offers a way to study the conditions of how knowledge is produced. To understand an object it is necessary to study both the object and the systems within which it is produced and lives. Post-feminist structuralism seeks to examine the production of knowledge as it impacts on gender. The pervasiveness of male discourse is a particular target for post-structuralist feminism. What I hope to achieve is an analysis of the theory in relation to the character of Catherine Barkley and her romantic relationship with the novel’s narrator and protagonist Frederick Henry. For poststructuralist theory the common factor in the analysis of social organization, social meanings, power and individual consciousness is language. Language is the place where actual and possible forms of social organization and their likely social and political consequences are defined and contested. Weedon in Storey, ed. (555) However, within Hemingway’s novels language is used to different effect, or rather the omission of it is. Hemingway’s aversion to theory is discussed in Owens-Murphy’s essay on pragmatism. She quotes Scott Donaldson as saying both Hemingway and his characters...
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...Camila Ambros Dr. C.M. Clark ENC 1101 HC December, 10 2014 Women Writings in Franco’s Regime Feminism is a movement in which the active participation of women expresses and targets the aspirations and decisions regarding social organization and the life of women. The movement arose in the sixties of the twentieth century in similar way in different countries. On one hand, it connects with that first feminism that focused on the suffragists and the claim of political rights, whose momentum was partly buried as one of many consequences of the two world wars. On the other hand, it is part of a wider movement based on the protest of the young people, who raised the need for a better democracy, comprising and transforming the understanding of the political activities and the way decisions were made. However, in Spain the situation was different. Spain presented specific features because unlike France, Germany, Italy or the United States, which were already starting to evolve the fight for the equalization of women in society, Spain was living under a dictatorship that was established after a military coup and the civil war, which overthrew the form of government of the Republic. The dictatorship limited women from expressing themselves freely and living their desired life. It restricted them from showing society their importance in the world and letting men see how both are equal. The sixties in Spain was a time that excited many women writers to speak about their situations...
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...The olympics originated from Ancient greece, it was created to display each city-states athletic talents. The tradition evolved into the modern Olympics beginning in 1892 which helped mold many factors that is being used in modern olympics. For instance nationalism has a huge effect on the Olympics, based on what the documents given have shown. The olympics were also used to help countries display their power, feminism, and to create peace among each country. All of these elements that were listed provide to the fierce nature of the olympics. Having documents that display what a majority of the country’s citizens help visual the majority of the world’s view on the games and if they are beneficial. First the olympics helped countries create peace among each other. Wars between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have divided the world, for instance the cold war, WWI, and WWII. The reason the Olympics helped countries create peace is through the friendly athletic competitions that forced countries to unite together. Furthermore, Pierre de coubertin the founder of the modern Olympics view was to unite and revive the olympics, another view he had is to “reduce the chances of war”( Document 1) and to create ally’s through the olympics. According to...
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...Interpreting the Risorgimento: Blasetti's "1860" and the Legacy of Motherly Love Author(s): Gabriella Romani Source: Italica, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 391-404 Published by: American Association of Teachers of Italian Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3656100 . Accessed: 22/09/2013 08:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Association of Teachers of Italian is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Italica. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 149.150.51.237 on Sun, 22 Sep 2013 08:43:40 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Blasetti's the Interpreting Risorgimento: 1860 and the Legacy MotherlyLove of Alessandro Blasetti's1860has recentlybeen the focus of literaryand film criticism,which analyzedvariousaspectsof the film, including the didactic and ideologicalnatureof the director'sintelpretationof the For Risorgimento.1 his reading of this memorableItalian past, Blasetti used both domestic and foreign...
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...The Hunger Games: Action-film feminism is catching fire Lisa Schwarzbaum Burning up Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is both strong and vulnerable – a new kind of action heroine who has powered The Hunger Games: Catching fire to a $158m US debut. (Lionsgate) Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is a new type of female action film icon, and moviegoers should be very excited about that, writes Lisa Schwarzbaum. As Catching Fire ignites on movie screens around the world, this is what we know about the 21st Century heroine called Katniss Everdeen: she is strong but also soft. She is brave but she has doubts. She is a phenomenal fictional creation, yet is real enough that moviegoers can draw inspiration from her values, her resourcefulness, and her very human inner conflicts. And she is played by Jennifer Lawrence, who appears not only to be handling her current duties as Hollywood’s finest model of well-adjusted millennial female stardom but doing so with charm. Everdeen and Lawrence: golden girls both. Personified in Lawrence’s lithe movements and cool, focused gaze, Katniss is a brave, resourceful and independent-minded fighter; but she is also a troubled and vulnerably guilt-ridden human being. Nina Jacobson, the producer of the Hunger Games film franchise, puts it this way: “She is a singular heroine in that the burden of survival weighs on her. She has a ton of survivor’s guilt. And she keeps surviving.” Girl on fire It is strange that behaving like a well-adjusted...
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