...and the true message of feminism has been debated over and over again. In the end, it is simply equality for both men and women, just as Google stated. However, people have varying opinions on the place of a woman in the world, and whether or not the feminist movement is valid in a world where women are seemingly equal to men and on the rise to dominance over them. In this research paper I will present the arguments of the Catholic Church through the Catechism and three practicing Christians...
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...evident that Farwell believes that Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own” is a poor attempt, by the author, to write with an androgynous mind. Farwell believes that Woolf does not balance the two different perspectives of male and female, rather, she fuses, or merges them into one dominating argument. Farwell not only uses her own ideas and opinions to make her argument, but she also uses the ideas and arguments of other known writers and authors such as Coleridge, Nancy Topping Bazin, Herbert Marder, and other authors who have been given much praise and credibility due to their intellectual writing. She uses the ideas and arguments of these writers to support her overall argument which states the following: “The irony is thick as the tone falters between objective and subjunctive. Her anger, [referring to Woo lf] is not suppressed.” Farwell is telling her reader that Woolf is writing in the state of androgyny, but in actuality, is expressing negative emotions that do not allow her to completely argue or state her opinions or thoughts within her book. Farwell makes the argument that Woolf is a good writer but does not contain the correct amount of subjectivity to be able to argue on a “feminist” perspective without sounding like she is angry or upset with the counterpart, who, in this case, is the male figure. Regardless of the fact that she doesn’t think Woolf has the headstrong characteristic in her writing or clear enough vision of what she is trying...
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...of literature being analyzed and author interviews or essays. Secondary sources are foundational essays of the theoretical approach, contextual sources of the text’s and author’s time period and life, critical reviews and essays that vary in topics and approaches to reading the text and/or theory. Required Steps to Approaching this Essay: 1. You will include existing interpretations (minimum of 3 sources; must be from a peer-reviewed scholarly journal). There are many ways readers interpret text(s) in part or in whole, so one way to narrow the search is to find particular theoretical interpretations as a focus as well. For example, you may choose feminism as the theory and see how various feminists have interpreted your chosen text(s). POTENTIAL TRAP: focusing on another’s argument rather than your own. 2. You will include cultural/historical context for making the literature matter (minimum of 2 sources; these can be biographical, historical, or cultural sources depending on the paper’s focus). Not only is the author’s cultural/historical information a possibility to look into, but also the context presented within the text itself may prove useful. POTENTIAL TRAP: using the essay as merely an information dump rather than using the context to argue an interpretation. 3. You will include primary sources (that means the literature itself and any author interviews; minimum of 3 sources). Possible Approach to this Essay: 4. You may focus on using the literature as a springboard...
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...What is -- and How to Write -- a Historiographical Essay (c) Muskingum College, Department of History, 2005 Defining Historiography: Historians do not always agree about how to interpret the events and people that they study; this leads to multiple explanations, which at times, are diametrically opposed to each other. As students progress into upper-level courses in the Department of History, they must move from the mastery of facts and analysis of primary sources encouraged by lower-level courses to a richer and deeper understanding of how history is written and the fact that events and ideas are open to interpretation. Within History 420 (Readings in History), students then move into another level of explanation, where they read intensively on a topic and provide their own historiographical explanations for a series of events/ideas. Therefore, historiography can be described as “the history of history.” What this means in practice is an exploration of a specific topic, and how historians have explained events or people over time, i.e. how their explanations have changed due to their own worldview and/or ideological bent, due to re-interpretation of previously-viewed sources, due to the availability of new sources, previously unexplored, and/or due to the application of different questions and/or methodologies to sources. Revision of prior interpretations of the past is an implicit and important element of historiography. It requires students to not only be able...
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...Fallacy Exercises, part 3 I. Identify the fallacies committed by the following arguments, giving a brief explanation for your answer. If no fallacy is committed, write "no fallacy."[1] NOTE: If an argument is followed by “IGNORE” it is an eample that we didn’t cover and you are not responsible for it. 1. Either we require forced sterilization of Third World peoples or world population will explode and all of us will die. We certainly don't want to die, so we must require forced sterilization. False Dichotomy. These aren’t the only two possibilities. People could control the population by other means. 2. James said that he saw a picture of a beautiful girl stashed in Stephen's locker. We can only conclude that Stephen has broken the rules, because girls are not allowed in the locker room. Accident – the rule applies to real girls, not pictures of girls. 3. Why is it so difficult for you to reach a decision? Complex Question. The thing being assumed is that it is difficult for the person to reach a decision. 4. People who lack humility have no sense of beauty because everyone who has a sense of beauty also has humility. Circular argument. The conclusion says nothing different than the premise. 5. Butane is combustible. Therefore, it burns. Circular argument. “Combustible” means “burns”. 6. Honey, this postcard just arrived, and it says we have won a free airline trip. All we have to do is call the toll-free number...
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...Fallacy Exercises, part 3 I. Identify the fallacies committed by the following arguments, giving a brief explanation for your answer. If no fallacy is committed, write "no fallacy." NOTE: If an argument is followed by “IGNORE” it is an eample that we didn’t cover and you are not responsible for it. 1. Either we require forced sterilization of Third World peoples or world popula¬tion will explode and all of us will die. We certainly don't want to die, so we must require forced sterilization. False Dichotomy. These aren’t the only two possibilities. People could control the population by other means. 2. James said that he saw a picture of a beautiful girl stashed in Stephen's locker. We can only conclude that Stephen has broken the rules, because girls are not allowed in the locker room. Accident – the rule applies to real girls, not pictures of girls. 3. Why is it so difficult for you to reach a decision? Complex Question. The thing being assumed is that it is difficult for the person to reach a decision. 4. People who lack humility have no sense of beauty because everyone who has a sense of beauty also has humility. Circular argument. The conclusion says nothing different than the premise. 5. Butane is combustible. Therefore, it burns. Circular argument. “Combustible” means “burns”. 6. Honey, this postcard just arrived, and it says we have won a free airline trip. All we have to do is call the toll-free number to claim it. If we call the number, we can...
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..."Oh, shut up!" says Claudia, blushing."1 may read the astrology column, but I certainly don't believe it. I just read it for fun. But, the fact is, during the past twenty-five years there have been thousands of alleged sightings of UFOs, and not a single one has led to any solid evidence of their existence. What do you make of that?" "I think we should look at this situation the other way around," Ralph says."Up until now, nobody has shown that UFOs don't exist, so I think we should give those people who claim they have seen them the benefit of the doubt. We should believe in UFOs and extraterrestrials until the sightings are proven false." "Well, okay. Let's suppose,just for the sake of argument, that I admit the existence of UFOs and t~eir little green drivers. How are we supposed to respond to them? What are we supposed to do?"C1audia asks. "For starters, we should extend an open invitation to them," answers Ralph."They may come from a dying planet where millions of their compatriots desperately strug gle for survival.Their sun may be burning out, their water supply exhausted, and their soil poisoned with toxic chemicals. Surely they deserve a second chance on a new planet." "Maybe so," Claudia says in a patronizing tone."And now that you mention it, we probably have a legal obligation to let them in. Our current immigration laws say that we have to admit at least ten thousand applicants annually, from every major nation. If those aliens would just sign the right papers, we'd...
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...argumentative often argues or like arguing. Argument: n. a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc. When you have an opinion and try to convince your listener or reader to accept your opinion, you are agreeing with or disagreeing with something. For example: In an everyday situation, you may try to convince a friend to go somewhere or in a composition or speech class, the instructor may make an assignment in which you must support or oppose the use of nuclear energy to produce electricity. If you agree or disagree on an issue, you will want your reader or listener to accept your point of view. There are a few types of argumentative compositions such as: 1. Advantages and disadvantages 2. Expressing opinions/providing solutions to problems 3. Expressing arguments for and against a topic 4. Compare and contrast something or somebody PURPOSE of ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS * An argument follows when two groups disagree about something. * People can have different opinions and can offer reasons in support of their arguments. However, sometimes it might be difficult to convince the other group because the argument could be based on a matter of preference, or religious faith. * Therefore, arguments of preference, belief or faith are NOT the type of arguments. The kind of argument that can be argued logically is one based...
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...(McElroy.W 1995. XXX: A Women’s Right to Pornography). Comment on this statement examining both sides of the argument. Pornography is any type of material that depicts erotic behaviour and is intended to cause sexual excitement in its audience. It is an issue that has been under constant debate in our society and there are many arguments for and against pornography it has been extensively debated whether pornographic material should be legally protected or banned. Those who believe pornography must be protected argue that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, including sexual expression. A strong defender to this view is McElroy, who reflects this in her writing of “XXX: A Woman’s Right to Pornography”. Opponents of McElroy’s view raise moral concerns, arguing that the First Amendment does not protect expression that corrupts people's behaviour, therefore defending the suppression of pornography because it perpetuates gender stereotypes, as women are reduced to nothing more than sex objects which promotes violence against women and that men are viewed as “naturally” oppressive and violent and they are ruled by their sexual natures. Opponents also believe that even if pornography is viewed as speech it should be treated as a low value form of speech that is not entitled to First Amendment protection. According to the Radical feminist view, men are socialized to have sexual desires and to feel entitled to have those desires met, whereas women...
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...These unrealistic expectations of women set by society have had a profound effect on women. The feminist movement urges women to dismiss these expectations and for women to just be themselves. Feminism is needed in order to get rid of the ridiculous expectations of women in society such as “effortless perfection” in order for women to be truly successful in society. Every movement has opposition and feminism definitely has its opponents. One of the biggest arguments against feminism is that women already have equal rights so feminism is no longer needed. One of the reasons women actually do not have equal rights still today is because the Equal Rights Amendment has still yet to be passed. This amendment would make it illegal to discriminate in the work force on the basis of sex (King). Another argument against feminism is that feminists are deemed angry and aggressive. Yes, feminists do get angry sometimes, but it is because many of the inequalities that women go through are rough and painful. It is also a common misconception that men cannot be feminists. This is untrue because the ideals of feminism are not only for women but also for men. Once again feminism is not about women being better than men;...
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...In Gloria Steinem’s writing, she focuses on the so-called ‘supremacy’ of men over women. This argument is given proof by her writing which primarily tackles gender and racial issues. Gloria Steinem is a leading figure in women studies. She is considered as an advocate of women’s rights; an American feminist icon who became the founder and original publisher of Ms. Magazine. In magazine became an instrument in reaching out to the women in the society. As a feminist, she writes about things that reach out to the mind of the women who are victims of oppression. As part of her movement as a feminist, she writes “supremacy Crimes”. The essay practically talks about the superiority of men over women. Steinem establishes a...
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...Feminism in Multicultural Societies An analysis of Dutch Multicultural and Postsecular Developments and their Implications for Feminist Debates Eva Midden A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of PhD at the University of Central Lancashire May 2010 Student Declaration Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution Material submitted for another award I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work Signature of Candidate Type of Award School ___PhD_________________________________ ___Centre for Professional Ethics___________ 1 Abstract It was long assumed that both multiculturalism and feminism are connected to progressive movements and hence have comparable and compatible goals. However, both in academia and in popular media the critique on multiculturalism has grown and is often accompanied with arguments related to gender equality and/or feminism. According to political scientist Susan Moller Okin for example there are fundamental conflicts between our commitment to gender equality and the desire to respect the customs of minority cultures or religions. If we agree that women...
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...The Power of Logic The Power of Logic FOU RTH E DITION Frances Howard-Snyder Daniel Howard-Snyder Ryan Wasserman WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2002, 1999, by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 ISBN: 978-0-07-340737-1 MHID: 0-07-340737-2 Editor in Chief: Michael Ryan Editorial Director: Beth Mejia Sponsoring Editor: Mark Georgiev Marketing Manager: Pamela Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Briana Porco Production Editors: Melissa Williams/Melanie Field, Strawberry Field Publishing Cover Designer: Ashley Bedell Cover Photo: © Dan Trist/Corbis Media Project Manager: Thomas Brierly Production Supervisor: Louis Swaim Composition: This text was set in 10.5/12.5 Goudy by Aptara, Inc. Printing: Printed on 45# New Era Matte by R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Inc. Credits: The credits section for this book is on page 647, following the Answer Key in the back of the book, and is considered an extension of the copyright page. ...
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...Just Begun” to inform readers about two big myths of feminism and to prove both myths false. Steinem also used two key elements of Women’s Studies and feminism throughout the article, liberal feminism and the intersectionality. The use of these elements helped execute her purpose of the article in a clear and understandable way. Gloria Steinem used this article to persuade readers that the myths about feminism are not true. She used facts throughout the article to convince readers, but also to inform them. According to Steinem (2014), the myths that feminism is only for White middle-class women and that we live in a time where racism and sexism are extinct, so we no longer need feminists or the feminist movement are the two worst myths about feminism (p. 27). The second myth, feminists and the feminist movement are no longer useful because racism...
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...Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of feminist standpoint theory. Feminist standpoint theory is a theory which argues that the social science which is feminism should be practiced from the standpoint of women, or from particular groups of women, as some believe that women are better equipped to understand and comprehend certain aspects of society and the world. A feminisms standpoint epistemology proposes that it makes women’s experiences the main point of thinking, rather than it being a man’s. Nancy Hartsock is a female philosopher and is widely known for her work in feminist epistemology and standpoint theory, particularly her Feminist Standpoint essays. Hartsock came up with the theory that standpoint feminism is founded in Marxist ideology. She argued that feminist standpoint could be developed from Marx’s understanding of experience, and could be used to criticise patriarchal theories. She also adds how a standpoint view of feminism is essential when examining the systematic oppressions in a society in which standpoint feminists claim devalues and disregards women’s knowledge. Standpoint feminism draws on the idea that because women in all different types of societies all have significantly different lives and roles to those than men have, they believe that because of this, women hold a different type of knowledge. As women are a subordinated group, it allows them to see and understand the world different and in ways that differ completely and challenge...
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