...LastName_Lab1 (e.g., Smith_Lab1). * Submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Table 1: Water Quality vs. Fish Population Dissolved Oxygen | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | Number of Fish Observed | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 1? One pattern I observe was in the number of increments. ie….0,1,1,4,4,3,3,4,4,5. The increments would stay the same between for two observation periods with the exception of the 1st and last observation period. 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. If the amount of dissolved oxygen increases in water then the amount of fish will also increase. 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? My experimental approach to test my hypothesis would be to measure the dissolved oxygen in different areas of a body of water and keep track of the fish in those areas. Then I would compare the results. 4. What are the independent and dependent variables? Dissolved oxygen would be independent variable while fish would be dependent. 5. What would be...
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...format: LastName_Lab1 (e.g., Smith_Lab1). You should submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Table 1: Water Quality vs. Fish Population Dissolved Oxygen 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of Fish Observed 0 1 3 10 12 13 15 10 12 13 1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 1? The number of fish observed increased as the dissolved oxygen in the water increased. At 6 and 8 ppm, the number of observed fish peaked with a +4 observed fish rate per ppm. At 14 ppm there is a drop in observable fish (-4), and continues to drop as the dissolved oxygen increases. 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. If the amount of dissolved oxygen is increased by 2 ppm, the number of fish observed increases with it. 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? Control the dissolved oxygen in a body of water with a certain amount of fish. 4. What are the independent and dependent variables? The independent variable is the dissolved oxygen found in the water. The dependent variable is the number of fish observed...
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...Victoria Amber Blakeney Answer the following questions and Email it before 02/07/2015 Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of ppm—or parts per million. Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water from which the sample was taken; finally, answer the questions below. |Table 4: Water Quality vs. Fish Population | | | |Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) | |0 | |2 | |4 | |6 | |8 | |10 ...
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...the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below. QUESTIONS 1. Make an observation – Based on the data in Table 4, discuss what patterns you observe in regards to dissolved oxygen content and fish populations in the body of water? Answer = Dissolved oxygen is crucial for fishes to live, so no fish can be observed with a 0 ppm concentration of O2 (as shown by table 4). There is a significant increase in fish population when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is 6 ppm or above. The fish population seems to be at its best at 12 ppm of concentrated dissolved oxygen. 2. Do background research – Utilizing at least one scholarly source, describe how the dissolved oxygen content in a body of water can effect fish populations. Answer = Dissolved oxygen is critical to the survival of aquatic animals. According to Tsai (1970) “When faced with low dissolved oxygen, many fish species will migrate to more tolerable regions, dramatically altering the local fish community structure.“ If the dissolved oxygen levels cannot get regulated fish populations will decline. 3. Construct a hypothesis – Based on your observation in question 1 and your background research in question 2, develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water?...
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...Robinson is an exceptional study of threespine sticklebacks, which relate to ecology evolution. The original findings of researchers differ from Robinson’s field study. Robinson’s hypothesis states the threespine sticklebacks diverse phenotypes are the creation of natural selection supporting the discrepancy in the population. The variables in the study are diet and environmental conditions. Ecologists use evidence and observation to quantify results by using information from other studies and experiments. Robinson’s field study relates to evolution and natural selection, and each play an important role in ecology. Robinson’s field study should alter variables of life span, growth rate, and body size to understand the evolution of the threespine stickleback species. Original Observations of Researchers The field study by Beren Robinson is a study to determine how the threespine stickleback species of fish have evolved. The threespine sticklebacks went through an increased era of time. Only two species of threespine sticklebacks inhabit in a lake. Original observations of researchers suggest that opposing selective pressures in open-water and shallow water are factors in the evolution of the threespine sticklebacks (Smith & Smith, 2009). Robinson’s study proves a different analysis and suggests natural selection is a key factor. The study by Beren Robinson and the department of Zoology at the University of Guelph starts with the sampling of a population of threespine sticklebacks...
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...life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from and then answer the questions below. QUESTIONS 1. Make an observation – Based on the data in Table 4, describe the relationship between dissolved oxygen content and fish populations in the body of water. Discuss the pattern observed in the data set. Answer = quantitative because you can measure the dissolved oxygen and number of fish observed 2. Do background research – Utilizing at least one scholarly source, describe how variations in dissolved oxygen content in a body of water can affect fish populations. Answer = “Dissolved oxygen is necessary to many forms of life including fish, invertebrates, bacteria and plants. These organisms use oxygen in respiration, similar to organisms on land. Fish and crustaceans obtain oxygen for respiration through their gills, while plant life and phytoplankton require dissolved oxygen for respiration when there is no light for photosynthesis 4. The amount of dissolved oxygen needed varies from creature to creature. Bottom feeders, crabs, oysters and worms need minimal amounts of oxygen (1-6 mg/L), while shallow water fish need higher levels (4-15 mg/L)⁵. Microbes such as bacteria and fungi also require dissolved oxygen. These organisms use DO to decompose organic material at the bottom...
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...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study One of the major sources of protein in human diet is fish. In fact, marine animals were assumed by ancient writers to be symbols of good health. However, nowadays, marine animals are far from being representatives of good health. They are subjected to diseases just as much as their terrestrial counterparts. Disease, in fishes, is closely linked to environmental stress. In the wild, they generally have some degree of freedom to modify their environment. They can move to more suitable conditions if faced with a negative environmental change such as a reduction in oxygen level. In culture conditions, on the other hand, they have limited opportunity to choose their external environmental conditions. Most individual fish, may it be in wild or cultivated populations are infected with parasites. The number of parasites necessary to cause harm to the fish varies considerably with the species and size of the host and its health status. Many parasite species are host-specific to at least some degree and are capable of infecting one or only a limited number of host species. Parasites disease of fish (and livestock) reduces the amount of food available to people around the globe. This is why many researchers mention that it is imperative to investigate the relationship between the environmental factors which affects the parasites that affect production and quality. Even today, it remains difficult to convince governments and...
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...Introduction: Keeping aquarium or “ornamental” fish as pets in aquaria or garden ponds is becoming an increasingly popular pastime in NSW. Many hundreds of fish species, both native and exotic, are sold for this purpose by aquarium suppliers and it has been estimated that this industry is worth $350 million annually in Australia. Keeping ornamental fish is a great hobby for people of all ages, however it is important to make sure your aquarium and its inhabitants remain happy and healthy. Here are a few things you should remember: * Know your fish – Some need special conditions and diet, while others are aggressive and unsuitable for a community tank. * Change the water – Replace about a third of the water in your aquarium at least once a month. Tap water may contain chemicals that harm your fish so make sure you add a water conditioner available from your pet shop. * Remove sick fish – Diseased fish can contaminate others so remove them quickly. * Don’t overfeed – Feed only as much as your fish will eat in one minute and just once a day, or as advised by your pet shop. * Don’t overcrowd – Overcrowding increases pollution and aggression problems. Testing Aquarium Water: Water chemistry is not visible; therefore, it is vital to check it on a regular basis. The best way to make this a routine is to check on the tank chemistry while changing the water. The vital parameters are pH, nitrates, nitrites, and carbonate hardness (salinity for marine tanks). Stability...
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...Observation of Young Children I observed for two and one-half hours from 9:39 am to 11:55 am. The preschool has three teachers and a full enrollment of 24 children, ages 2 and five, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. They also have 24 children, age three, on Tuesday and Thursday. On the Friday that I visited, there were 20 children in attendance. There is a large enclosed play area outside. There is a large covered sandbox area with several toys including large plastic scoops, a large metal spoon, plastic bowls, shovels and buckets, a large play structure with a slide and climbing apparatus, a log cabin play house with several tools; such as plastic hammers, wrenches, and saws. There is a big sidewalk that goes around the yard where the children ride the tricycles. There are six tricycles but they were not out for use on the day that I observed. Inside there are many areas for playing and learning. There is a small room that has a cradle, dolls, blankets, dress-up clothes and shoes for girls, child size furniture; table, sink, dishes, and other kitchen items. Also kept in this room is a large roll of paper that can be cut to any length for drawing and painting. In this room is where one of the teachers meets for story time with her group of eight children. The large room is divided into two parts for the other two teachers and their groups when it is story time. The divider is opened when the individual group time is over. In the large room are many different activity...
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...Mandi Lurkins October 26, 2010 ENG-105 (12) Ms. Duncan Do Fish Ever Sleep? Brilliant shades of blue, green, yellow, orange and red flashed all around me as I peered into a view of life as we know it. It was as if a box of crayons had exploded, with wonderful accuracy, all around the room creating a kaleidoscope effect on my eyes. This fantasy land gave me the chance to stare face to face at nature’s natural rawness; its awe-inspiring beauty. It was nothing but a bountiful blossom of blooming colors that attracted my eye in more ways than one. I had a strange feeling of being a native in this far distant land with all elements coming forth; earth, air, some artificial fire, and most abundantly water. I was, after all, at the Rainforest Café so this scene only seems fitting. Eating at the Rainforest Café is always a great adventure, but on this particular Sunday it proved to be an eye opener for me. As the lovely hostess sat my family down at our table I began to take in my surroundings more so than ever before. I became lost in the world of tropical plants and animals. To my left was a family of gorillas looking mighty fierce and highly mischievous, especially the youngster swinging about on a vine. Straight ahead of me was a baby grey, and his large tusked mother flapping their ears and trunks about. Finally to my right was the piece that struck me with the most fascination. Perhaps it had to do with the contents inside that were actually real rather than synthetic...
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...Technological Institute Metric Tonnes Non-agricultural Market Access Natural Resources Institute Latin America Organisation for Fisheries Ministry of Production – Fisheries Export Promotion Office Sustainability Impact Analysis National Fishing Society Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Superintendency of Tax Technical Barriers to Trade World Trade Organization 2 Table of Contents Page Glossary Executive summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coastal livelihoods and development 1.3. Objectives of the study 2 6 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 2. The Baseline 2.1 Fish resources 2.1.1 Aquaculture 2.2 Government organisations 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 The Marine Institute (IMARPE) Resource monitoring and control The Fish Technology Institute (ITP) The National Fund for Fisheries Development (FONDEPES) The Ministry of Education...
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...18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective action 72 6.4. Fisheries value chain structure and dynamics 74 6.5. Value chain participants 76 6.6. Supporting markets 77 6.7. Inter-firm linkages 78 6.8. Value chain governance and power relations 79 7. Conclusions 81 References 82 Executive summary Executive summary The Trade Working Group of the Partnership for African Fisheries (a NEPAD programme) is...
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... Many fish populations around the world are declining. Many factors contribute to these declines, among them overfishing. Neubert (2005) says as long as people have fished, they have overfished, and that fishery management always has been controversial. That controversy is not surprising as it can be difficult to balance competing goals—conserve the resources while harvesting as many fish as possible. Although industrial fishing is widely responsible for depletions of fish stock in the oceans, recreational fishing also plays a part. Industrial fishers and recreational anglers have been parts of the problem. They can also contribute to the solution. Murawski (2000) finds an exact definition of overfishing to be elusive. He offers this substitute: ‘‘I shall not today attempt to further define the kind of materials I understand to be within that shorthand definition; and perhaps I could never succeed in doing so . . . but I know it when I see it.’’ Former USA Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, writing on ‘‘obscenity’’ Measuring quantities is not enough. Managing fisheries requires qualitative as well as quantitative measurements to determine whether or not a fishery has been overfished Recreational Fishing Recreational fishing can contribute to depletion of fish stocks. Where...
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...of Beren Robinson there where many important aspects of the tests performed, including how species adapt and morph during certain environmental situations. One of the main aspects was taking the species out of its natural habitat to see how they perform under specific environmental changes. In this particular study these included location change, water depth and also food type. The study also showed relation to ecology and evolution because the relationship between the species and the environment was tested to discover possible evolution along with the two being heritable. As far as evolution it displayed original characteristics along with evolved ones of the similar species once switched into a different setting. Some of the original observations found by researchers included samples from the open-water habitat differed morphologically from those species sampled from the shallower near shore waters. The question of study would have been does the constraints of the different environments pose threat or is responsible to the evolution of the species. While “Robinson hypothesized that these individuals represented distinct phenotypes that are products of natural selection promoting divergence within the population” (Robinson, 2000). The variables in this study where the three spine stickleback species from both the limnetic form and benthic form. The research findings presented in this case study was done by observing the habitat where the species lived and its food intake. Ecologists...
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...HRM16 1. When you are researching in terms of topics related to your subject HRM16, which one do you want to work on/ research on? Check the topic you want to research on: ___a. issues regarding hotels contribution on the income of the place ___b. making a program so that hotels become more profitable ___c. importance of spa, salon, & resorts in promoting tourism of place ___d. is General Santos City’s tourism booming ___e. are personalities from General Santos City brings big income to the city? 2. Cite two-five studies regarding hotel & restaurants management. It could be foreign or local study. Case Study: Restaurant downsizing Sally Smith is a manager at the Butcher Block Restaurant. Due to her extensive background in the restaurant business, she has great influence on the executive management and often makes significant recommendations for changes that are supported. The restaurant was closed two months ago after a news release issued by the regional Health Department claimed that at least twenty people had become ill apparently with the listeriosis infection after eating at the Butcher Block the month before. Listeriosis has been isolated in the feces of healthy humans, sheep, cattle and poultry, and the spread of this disease has been linked to the consumption of contaminated food production. Five of the sickened people had to be hospitalized. Although a thorough restaurant health inspection failed to prove the restaurant was responsible,...
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