...(2000), since the early 1970s, the inequalities in gender have been a very important focus to sociological research. Generally, researchers have shown that the difference in gender usually influences people’s experience of health and illness. According to Armstrong (1980), women live about average of five years longer than men but women also suffer more illnesses compared to men throughout their lifetime. The reasons for these differences have been narrowed down to two possible explanations. First of all, difference in the biological constitutions of the different sexes which means that the two different genders experiences different type of illnesses and secondly, sometimes there are gender related actions and approaches to the concept of health and illness that differs amongst gender (Annandale, 2003). In this essay, key terms such as gender, health and illness will be discussed using essay. Also, this essay will be examined in three dimensions. Firstly, the gender differences that influence people’s health and experience of illnesses will be discussed. Secondly, using evidences, gender health inequalities will also be outlined. Thirdly, the importance and relevance of a nurse being aware of these gender inequalities and differences will also be examined. The sociological definition of gender is the cultural ideas and the distinct social expectation from male and female. This is different from sex which focuses on differences based on the biological composition of the body for...
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...rights in relation to a health and social care environment. In a health and social care environment, carers and employees are expected to put the client at the centre of the health and social care provision meaning although every person is completely different, they are all entitled to equality, diversity and equal rights. The definition of diversity is ‘the state or quality of being different or varied’ (Collins dictionary). Diversity is used to describe the differences of individuals, it means that all individuals are respected and valued excluding their differences. In a health and social care setting, carers must ensure that an individual’s differences do not affect the way they are treated and cared for. There are so many different aspects of diversity that can appear in an individual. For example race, culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, even their hobbies and interest can make a person diverse. In a health and social care setting such as a hospital, every individual is diverse in their own way whether it be the colour of their skin, their age or their gender. The employees must understand than no person should not be treated any differently because of this. For example an elderly man should not be ignored and given less care than a younger male. It is important that everyone is treated equally not in the sense that they get the same care but that they get the appropriate care for them. Most health and social care teams are multi-cultural...
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...HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES IN AFRICA OKECHUKWU ONYEIZUGBE DHA8013 Action Research Health Administration 1 Capella University Abstract Objective: To summarize the current literature on racial and gender disparities in critical care and the mechanisms underlying these disparities in the course of acute critical illness. Data Sources: MEDLINE search on the published literature addressing racial, ethnic, or gender disparities in acute critical illness, such as sepsis, acute lung injury, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. Study Selection: Clinical studies that evaluated general critically ill patient populations in the United States as well as specific critical care conditions were reviewed with a focus on studies evaluating factors and contributors to health disparities. Data Extraction: Study findings are presented according to their association with the prevalence, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in acute critical illness. Data Synthesis: This review presents potential contributors for racial and gender disparities related to genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, preventive health services, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, and access to care. The data are organized along the course of acute critical illness. Conclusions: The literature to date shows that disparities in critical care are most likely multifactorial involving individual, community, and hospital-level factors...
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...Health Psychology & the psychology of Gender - Gender makes a difference in the kinds of illness that people experience - Gender makes a difference in the way a disease is diagnosed and treated - Illness is an important part of many women’s experience The health care and health status of women - Biases against women - Women have often been neglected in medicine and in medical research - Gender stereotypes are common in medicine - Medical care provided to women is often irresponsible or inadequate - Physician-patient communication patterns often make women feel relatively powerless Intersectionality and women’s health - Ethnicity - Social Class - Country The Health Care and Health Status of Women - Gender Comparisons in Life Expectancy - Mortality - Gender gap in life expectancy - Why do women live longer? - biological factors - social factors - health care - Gender Comparisons in Overall Health - Morbidity - Longevity - Rape & Abuse - Economic factors - How social class influences US women’s health - Morbidity & Mortality - Quality of Health Care - Health Insurance - Environmental Factors - Poverty - Psychological Factors - Health issues for women in developing countries - Women & girls less likely to receive medical care - Inadequate nutrition and health care (dying during pregnancy of childbirth) - Cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and other specific health problems - Cardiovascular disease ...
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...M2: use the different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health in two different social groups. The following assignment will discuss the different sociological explanations in relation to the patterns and trends of health and illness in the different social groups. The association between class and health in the society presents a great dilemma for sociologists. The black report outlined four different explanations to explain this relationship: * The Artefact approach * Natural and Social approach * Cultural Explanation * Structural Explanation. Social class The first explanation, the artefact approach has the vision that both class and health are artefacts of the measurement process. The approach suggests that the inequalities that are present in health are not real inequalities, but instead are part of the measurement process. One must look at the processes that are involved in how these statistics are produced. A number of different factors have been identified as contributing factors to the relationship between class and health; these include the variations in diagnosis, certification, and classification and also the coding processes. The Natural and Social explanation suggests that it is not the low social class which causes inequalities between health and class, but instead it believes that health status influences these social statuses. Natural is meant survival of the fittest, however, not the main feature of evolution...
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...In this report I will be explaining the concepts of equality, diversity and rights which relate to Health and social care. I will then go into describe discriminatory practices that are used within health and social care setting and the effects that they have on the service users. Equality Equality is treating everyone equal in rights, status and opportunities. Its about creating a more equal society, where everyone can participate and are given equal opportunities to help everyone achieve their full potential. There are laws in place to ensure that this happens. An example of this within a care home would be showing the same amount of respect to all residents within the care home, and to give them all equal opportunities. Equal opportunities is giving the same chance to help people fulfil their personal and professional skills regardless of their sexuality, culture, gender, age or social class. Opportunities are important within the health and social care setting. If everyone is not given opportunities then they are unable to progress and gain new skills or knowledge. The word opportunities means to give the same chance to each person so they are able to progress and learn new personal and professional skills. An example of opportunity within a hospital would be giving all staff the chance to go in training courses to learn new skills, techniques, or about any new discovers, so they have better knowledge. This then enables the staff to give a better derive to all...
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...Differences 1 Reasoning for differences of life expectancy between men and women Latesha Mays Dr. Davis SOCI 402 May 9, 2006 Differences 2 Reasoning for differences of life expectancy between women and men In most countries the life expectancy at birth of women is longer than that if men. Historically it has been assumed that this was generally due to biological reasons. But on the basis of my graveyard data which consisted of 50 cases of people from High Point North Carolina, tables and graphs, the relationship between race, gender, and average age of death are summarized with four empirical generalizations that I got from the data. I will only present three to adequately summarize the data because only three have similar commonalities to express why women live longer than men. The first empirical generalization was on the basis of the gender table. The data showed that males have a 36 percent average age of death and females have a 64 percent average age of death and therefore males have 28 percentage points lower average age of death than females. The second empirical generalization was on the basis of the race and gender graph. In this graph females had a higher median age of death than any other category. The last empirical generalization expresses a graph that shows the data of race and sex. The data showed that white females have a significantly higher median age of death than men and black females...
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...Introduction It is significant that health care practitioners set an effective role in understanding diversity between people in society. A good health care practitioner should be able to accommodate and provide equality, diversity and rights these terms will deliver anti-discrimination in place. This will allow everyone to communicate effectively. In this assignment I will briefly talk about how equality, diversity and rights are essential for the effective distribution of health and social care services. I will also be identifying the inefficiency of discriminatory practice upon society and how it could be overcome by promoting anti-discriminatory practice. Equality The term equality is about making sure that people get equal opportunities and not being discriminated against their race, ethnicity, gender, sex, religion, social, class, age, disability or anything else. It is important that this is promoted in a health and social care setting as it allows a good service which people will be happy to fulfil their potential. For example if a GP doctor who is British was being racist to one particular patient which had a different race to them, the patient may feel that they are discriminated against and find that they are not treated medically the right. It could be that their neighbour has the same doctor and they might be happily treated because of their ethnicity. Therefore it is particularly important that equality is focused on equal access to everyone. There are types...
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...Phoenix Instructor:…………. Date:…………. [Page Break]Communication Theory Paper When working in an organization such as that of Hospice, effective communication is one of the key aspects concerning the care of the patients involved. As in any health care setting, an organization designated to hospice care may face challenges when it comes to communication because of gender differences, cultural differences, and in some cases the inability to communicate effectively with the individuals obtaining service. Circumstances such as these may affect how certain tasks are completed within the organization, whether or not an individual wants to continue using hospice services, and how well employees, patients, and family members interact together. Therefore, to understand some of the challenges facing this type of organization in accordance to communication we will discuss how gender and cultural differences influence communication within the organization Legacy Hospice when it comes to coworkers, managers, patients, families, and caregivers, and improvements that can be made if any. Gender Differences Females When working in an organization dedicated to hospice care one is most likely to encounter both male and female employees who are dedicated to the care and health of the patients involved however, they are also going to encounter different approaches when it comes to styles of communicating. In reference to the organization known as Legacy Hospice it is shown that female...
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...P1; Explain the concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. Equality; the act of equality is everyone being treated by the same standard. In relation to health and social care everyone needs to be treated equally. The equality act protects people rights to be equal regardless of their differences, there are 116 legislations. This act protects people legally from discrimination in the work place. In health and social care this is important so that everyone can experience the same opportunities and treatment. Diversity; the term diversity is used to explain peoples differences for example; race, gender, ethnicity, age and many more. No one should feel out of place because of differences, we all have protected characteristics. There are 9 protective characteristics; * Age * Disability * Gender Reassignment * Marriage and Civil Partnership * Pregnancy and Maternity * Race * Religion or Belief * Sex * Sexual Orientation Rights; everyone has rights regardless of who they are these are referred to as human rights. These rights are protected by the human rights act and if ignored it can lead to legal prosecution. The human rights act 1998 gives people the right to; * Life * Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment * Right to liberty and security * Freedom from slavery and forced labour * Right to a fair trial * No punishment without law * Respect for...
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...relation to health and social care Equality, diversity and rights are the core elements in health and social care. It affects every single person using the health and social care sector as well as those working within them. It is important for health and social care workers to understand the importance of treating all individuals equally no matter their ethnicity, gender, race, beliefs, sexuality, education, language, background or skin colour. Individuals must all be treated equally; Equality in terms of rights, status or opportunities. This has become an important focus as there are laws and policies in all organisations regarding it to ensure that everyone in the organisation has same opportunities and choices, and no one is discriminated. The new equality act came into force in 2010; it consists of over 116 separate pieces of legislation into one act to protect the rights of individuals and to advance a fair and more equal opportunity for all. In health and social care sector this means everyone using or working within it should have equal opportunities, this can range from job opportunities to getting medical treatment options and that all individuals must receive same high-quality service. Diversity is the term used to describe the differences between individuals. It is important that individual and group diversities are recognised to ensure that everybody’s needs and requirements are understood and responded within employment practice. In health social care, diversity...
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...P1. Explain the concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. Equality Equality in all aspects of society has become an important focus to ensure that all members of civilisation has equal rights and opportunities. Under the Equality Act 2010, by law all organisations must have an equal opportunities policy available to every employee and serviced user to protect them from discrimination in the workplace and wider society. This is to ensure that all employees and service users have to same, fair choices and opportunities. In a health and social care setting, according to the Equality Act 2010 and Equal Opportunities policy, all individuals must receive the same high quality service irrespective of age, race, gender, religious beliefs or sexual orientation. Diversity The term “diversity” is used to describe the differences between individuals, groups of people and communities. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs or political viewpoints. In its positive sense, “diversity” means that all individuals are respected and valued regardless of their differences. Health and social care professionals need to be aware of the service user’s differences and ensure that they do not obstruct the way that they are cared for by the health and social care service. Rights All individuals possess basic human rights, and not under circumstances...
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...sensory; cultural; gender and age differences; ignoring others body language. Practices such as offloading and imposing own views; shyness; aggressiveness; lack of self-awareness and haste. Certain barriers can be prevented however, by awareness and adaptation to situations. Within most health and social care settings, situations within these features are expected, therefore preparation should be taken to identity for when they occur. The barriers which may occur include: Physical barriers which pertain to the physical distance between two people, Personal barriers which involve parts of an individual’s communication competence between those communicating, sematic barriers which involve the way in which we interoperate and understand the word used in the interaction for example ‘bimonthly’ means twice a month but the person who is listening may interpret it to ‘once a month’. Gender/age difference Cultural Ignoring others body language Environmental Barriers Barriers Offloading and imposing Own views Sensory Shyness, aggressiveness Lack of self-awareness Environmental- Environmental factors may occur in a Health and Social care environment...
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...P3 – Explain patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings. For this task I have been asked to produce a report to investigate which social groupings are most in need of health and social care services. To assist in the planning of care provision in my report I will be explaining patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings identified according to factors such as gender, social class, geographical location, ethnicity and age. SOCIAL CLASS AND PATTERNS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS Social class is an intricate issue that consists of status, wealth, culture, background and employment. The association between social class and ill health is far from being straight-forward. There are many influences on health and one of them is social class. The Black Report on Inequalities in Health Care was commissioned by the Department of Health in the United Kingdom by Health Minister David Ennals in 1977. They wanted to point out why the NHS was failing to reduce social inequalities in health and to investigate the problems. Ennals would do this by analysing people’s health records and lifestyles from different social class backgrounds. Ennals found that the overall health of the nation had improved but the improvement was not equal across all social class backgrounds. The gap in inequalities in health between the higher and lower social classes was widening. Ethnicity “According to the 2001 census 8% of the UK’s population is...
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...the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped in social, psychological...
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