The human lifespan, life factors and events.
P1 describe physical, intellectual emotional and social development for each of life stages of an individual.
Aretha Louise Franklin biography:
Aretha was born march 25 1942 in Memphis, she was a fourth of five children of a Baptist preacher and gospel singer. Franklin parent separated when she was six and four year later her mother died to a heart attack. Aretha musical gift start at the early age, at the age of 14 years old she record some of her first track at the church, she also performed in front of her father congregation church. Life on the road exposed franklin to adult behaviours and at the age of 15 she became a mother, her second child followed two years later. Few years later Aretha returned to performing in 1979 the same year, her father was hospitalized after a burglary attempt in his home left him in a coma as her popularity waned and her father's health declined.
1985, Aretha released a smash-hit album the record became Aretha's biggest-selling album yet. Her follow-up album, 1986 also went gold the next year, Franklin became the first woman ever been awarded with an honour in the music industries. The same year, the University of Detroit credited her with an honorary doctorate. In 1993, she was invited to sing at the inauguration of bill Clinton, and in 1994 Franklin was given a lifetime achievement award. Over the next few years, she became the subject of multiple documentaries and tributes.
She was tapped to sing at the 2009 inauguration of President Barack Obama, but Unfortunately her personal life; however seemed to be going through some challenging times. She announced that she was getting married in January 2012. Only a short time later, Franklin told the press that the wedding off. More than a week after breaking off her engagement, Franklin suffered another great personal loss. The death of her goddaughter, Whitney Houston on February 11, 2012, deeply saddened her.

Reference:www.newday.com.uk

P1 describe physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development for each of the life stage.

Physical 0-3 year’s infancy Aretha Franklin was born on March 25, 1942 in Memphis, TN, but spent most of her childhood in Detroit Michigan. Her parents had a troubled relationship and split up when Aretha was six. Her mother later had a heart attack when Aretha was ten and died. Her father was a well-known preacher who moved them around a lot and that fact makes Aretha being really close to her dad
Intellectual: 10-18 years adolescence
Aretha was recognised as a talented musician at an early age, her father offering to arrange piano lessons for her, and by her early teens she was seen as something of a child prodigy. A gifted pianist and with a voice that already contained the power that would become her symbol, Aretha travelled and performed with her father's gospel show and sang in front of his congregation in Detroit. . Aretha became well-known for her impressive vocals and talent at the piano, and signed a record deal with Battle Records at the age of fourteen.
Aretha moved away from her gospel roots as she grew older. By the time she was sixteen she had two children and records her first track in 1960

Emotional 18-65 adulthood
Because Aretha start travel a lot with her dad at the early age she develop that feeling of being independent Aretha wasn’t jealous and possessive with her partners. Aretha Franklin appreciates relationships where her love partner allows her plenty of freedom and not very emotionally demanding. Because she was going out with different partners she never knew the real identity of her two sons. But her first two children were brought up by her grandmother so that she could follow her music career .Aretha got married with her manager Ted White in 1961 years later got divorce. Franklin was solicited to perform at the funeral of assassinated civil rights leader Martin Luther King, who was a good friend of her father’s. Aretha was really happy working with her children; her son becomes her musical director and guitarist to her touring band. Aretha was affected to her father death in 1984 she start jumping to relationship to another because of what happen to the only parent she have left. She starts a new relationship with her road manager, she gave birth to their son Kecalf on 28 March 1970, and Franklin married again to an actor and divorce six years later.
Social:
Because Aretha was coming from a big family she enjoys socialising bringing people together and having many friends of both sexes. Aretha Franklin values friendship very highly; it was more ease for her being a friend than a lover. Socially also any form of politeness was important to Franklin and she spontaneously avoiding roughness and conflict.
Growth:
Growth is the process of how an individual change physically and how it will be learned as he or she grows up maturely. And this change is usually occurs between conception and death in permanence in human’s life. The period of human growth from birth to adolescence is usually divided into the following stages. Infancy: From birth to weaning, Childhood, from weaning to the end of brain growth, Juvenile: From the end of childhood to adolescence.
Adolescence: From the start of growth spurt at puberty until sexual maturity.

Development:

Development Development means a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage. It is also defined as the gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes. Development is a process, not a level it is a lane to achieve certain goals.
Development norms:
The term developmental norms is relate to individuals change and capacities. Developmental norms are standards by which the progress of an individual’s can be measured. For example the normal age at which children are meant to walks, talk, or adolescent to reach puberty age will be define by the developmental norms standard age given.

Developmental milestones: A developmental milestone is an ability that is achieved by most children by a certain age. Developmental milestones can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills such as walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognising familiar sounds and talking.

Life course:
The life course is refers to an approach developed to analyse people's lives within structural, social, and cultural contexts from birth through to adulthood, middle age and beyond. It also the way to understand population, life course has many benefits such as studies for problems associated with longevity.
Maturation:
Maturation is the process of learning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way. It does not necessarily happen along with aging or physical growth, but is a part of growth and development. A situation a person must deal with at a young age prepares them for the next and so on into adulthood. Maturation does not stop when physical growth ends - it continues through adulthood. An adult who loses a parent, for instance, learns to cope with a new emotional situation that will affect the way he or she deals with situations that follow.

Life expectancy: Life expectancy it is the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. For example Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and reviews the mortality at all ages.
Holistic development:
Holistic development means that each area is dependent on the other to ensure an individual develops to their full potential. Although development is described as different areas: Physical, social, emotional, language and intellectual, each area needs to connect in order for individuals to develop. For example an individual might be highly intellectual and then be unable to butter bread. This isn't because is incapable of buttering bread, it just has not had the chance to practice the physical skill.
Delayed development:
Developmental delay is any significant lag in a child's physical, cognitive, behavioural, emotional, or social development, in comparison with norms. Developmental delay refers to when a child's development lags behind established normal ranges for his or her age. Sometimes the term is used for mental retardation, which is not a delay in development but rather a permanent limitation. If most children crawl by eight months of age and walk by the middle of the second year, then a child five or six months behind schedule in reaching these milestones may be classified as developmentally delayed regarding mobility.
Arrested development:
Arrested development is a term describing any state where development has stopped prematurely. It is often used to describe certain developmental disorders. Someone who displays arrested development is not fully developed physically for example arrested or incomplete development of mind, disorder and any other disorder or disability of mind.

At birth infants cannot control their body movements most of their movements are reflexes. Baby drink from bottles at various times then About 3-6 month baby vision will be fully developed. Babies usually take a nap in the morning and afternoon and eat a lot and sleep at regular times. At that age 6-12 month Infants can sit alone eventually they will start crawl and throw things. They will pull up to stand and be able to walk when led also start using a cup and a spoon by them self to eat.
At the age of 12-24 month they will climb stairs with assistance Kicking and throwing balls, running. Infant will be able to walk unsupported across a room and 24-36 month child can jumps or catching a playground ball.

Intellectual development: 0-3years Baby babble, coo and gurgle study their hands and feet also turn to locate the source of sounds. Infants will be focus on and follow moving objects with their eyes. Baby show interest to anything colour full Explore things with his mouths and will learn rapidly about his environment. They will also recognise relative faces, voice smell and around 12-24 will be able to wave bye and point object.
Also infant will clearly talk and respond when his heard his name, and will be able to play by himself him.

Emotional development: 0-3years old
0-3 babies will express hunger, anger, pain, sadness and fear. Babies will learn banding with others, 12-24 month cope with their own feeling learns how to behave Such as greeting and say thank you.
Social development: 0-3
Babies will love to be touched enjoy watching faces, 3-6 month baby will smile back when smile at him. They also appreciated eyes contact when talking to him ,12-24 month they will learns to become friend with others.24-36 month infant will be capable to share toys with friends.
Physical development: 10-18
Adolescents experience a remarkable amount of physical growth and development. This rapid physical development begins during the period of developmental stage called Puberty and continues during adolescence. Because, puberty is not the same for everyone, so some girls will grow pubic hair before they develop breasts also menstrual periods will begin regular and ovulation will be established and pregnancy becomes possible.
Boys rapid growth in height, weight and muscles they strength will increases dramatically such as: voice deepens, pubic and underarm hair appears,
Penis and testicular will grow up.
Usually girls and boys always appetite will increase due to the fact that they use a lot of the energy. They need for sleeps will increases may sleep quite late on weekends. They oily skin and acne may be problematic for teens, sweating will increases too. Adolescent rapid growth may cause gaucheness and lack of coordination, in mid time sexual desires and fantasies will increase.
Intellectual development: 10-18
In early adolescence, a child begins to develop the capacity for intellectual, logical thought. This will increased awareness of self and the ability to reflect on one's own being. Because of the many visible physical changes of adolescence, this self-awareness often turns into self-consciousness. The adolescent will also have an obsession with his physical appearance.
Emotional/social development: 10-18
The most critical time in life is during emotional development in adolescent years. They learn to love, hate, fear, and feel anger, that why it is very important that parent thinking and actions should be in a positive manner over their children. Many life decisions happen during that period of adolescent emotional development.
Adolescent will go through to conflicts with their parent these conflicts frequently occur because adolescents are determined to make independent choices and do not agree with parents' demands or opinions. Family rules such household tasks and curfews or when adolescent want to stay out late with his friends and are not allowed. For example conflicts over family issues can have a negative or positive impact on adolescent emotional development.
The first person with who adolescent will socialise will be parents, siblings and relatives. If parents fail to give personal space to adolescent his/her will find that parent are too interfering in their personal life. During adolescence, teens spend much of their time with their friends. Peer pressure is also one of the important elements during this age, groups will be more diverse with both sex and dating will be very important.
Physical development: 18-65
Much of the body is already fully developed even before reach adulthood. A men and women genital parts are fully developed by 16 to 17 years old and will reach full height by the time he/her reaches is 20s. As we progress through adulthood, we might notice some change like loss of vision, hearing decline, risk of heart disease, high blood pressure skin loses elasticity, wounds take longer to heal, grey hair and for women menopause will also happen.
Intellectual development: 18-65
Move into adult life and responsibilities adult will continue to develop new skills such as hobbies, and adult interests. Usually after 18 educations still continues or work begins during this age group. They start developing many new skills whether it’s from university or work. Young adults also begin making more decisions about different things.

Emotional development: 18-65

This is when thinking of life partners will begin. Also thinking of who they want to have babies with will begin. They will also develop close emotional bonds with one person, this person they will feel they can tell any of their feelings to. This age group can also be stressful as young people may decide to move out or older people may have to think about looking after their elderly parents. Adult will offering guidance and sharing values and appreciate respect, privacy and independence.
Social development 18-65 At around 18 years old begin clubbing with their friends and developed Social networks where they make many new friends. They start having much more free time as education is usually finished so they start going out much more and plan holiday.

Unit 4:p2 explain potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual. Biological, socio economic .environmental,
Lifestyle,
Biological factors
Effects of diet in pregnancy
Diet during pregnancy may have effects on the health of the child that become apparent later in life. A poor pregnancy diet can lead to various nutritional deficiencies. During pregnancy, mum to be need plenty of folic acid, calcium and iron. This is to ensure that body’s needs are not compromised in order to meet the calcium needs of the baby. Iron is important because body needs it to make the haemoglobin that transports oxygen to body and to foetus. Folic acid prevents foetus from developing defects of the spine and spinal cord. For example inadequate nutrition during pregnancy can lead to a difficult pregnancy, labour difficulties and a slower recovery. Pregnant women who are overweight or obese have a greater risk for developing diabetes, hypertension, or needing a caesarean section delivery. Proper nutrition can keep labour from commencing too early. Having a healthy body may also make the long, intensive labour process a little easier. Proper nutrition can also help mum to be recovery after childbirth

Infections during pregnancy Rubella is caused by the rubella virus, which is spread in much the same way as a cold or the flu. Rubella does not usually require medical treatment as the symptoms will normally pass within 7-10 days. The only time that rubella becomes a serious concern is if mum to be cached the disease during the first four months of pregnancy it can seriously affect the unborn baby’s sight and hearing, and cause brain and heart defects. Once a person has had rubella they should develop a life-long immunity against further infection.

Environmental factors
Pollution factors
Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. For examples of short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly. And all those air pollution can be a result of smoking cigarettes, Motors, cars, train, buses and other means of transport produce a range of air pollution, which include carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. People who live close to these means of transport will be exposed to this pollution.
Housing factors
Housing is important for many aspects of individual’s healthy living and well-being. A healthy home needs to have good structure, to be free of hazards and also to provide suitable place to sleep. A good personal hygiene and preparation storage of food, will depend of environment provide to the family and others. Poor quality housing has a harmful effect on the health of the people living in those houses and on the quality of life in an area. For example an individual who has housing issue will not have the same quality of life than the one who hasn’t
Social economic factors
Low income
For a child, growing up in poverty is about much more than just having a low income. Its can have really bad effect on the child and is often very long-lasting. Poverty limits children’s opportunity to reach their full potential, and disadvantage is often handed down from generation to generation, poor children often end up being poor adults. Limited educational resources, a poor home learning environment, poor physical and mental health and family instability all contribute to limiting children’s opportunities and aspiration. For children in households where nobody works, the problems of low income are often combined with parents’ poor mental health and a lack of positive working role models. Parents who themselves grew up in poverty sometimes find it difficult to support their children’s educational and cognitive development.
Lifestyle
Smoking Smoking can causes cell damage, which can lead to illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease and asthma .smoking also can link to poor wound healing and premature aging of the skin. Smoking stops our body absorbing vitamin C and other nutrients. The only way to avoid this damage is to stop smoking and better still, avoid starting in the first place.

Unit 4:p3 explain the influence of two predicable and two unpredictable major life events on the development of an individual.
Major life events can be positive and negative or disagreeable, terrifying, unclear and dangerous at the same times. Disagreeable things happens to everyone is doesn’t matter if predictable or unpredictable. We normally try to control, organise and learning to cope with challenge in life, managing with physical changes.