...Zaka Mahmood Ethical Concepts in Health Care Davenport University HLTH 230 Patricia Spiegel Abstract Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Heading The task of this presentation is to collaborate different issues. Consisting of new development in the health sector, critically providing more effective and indifferent health care along with an improving attitude towards the health population, mainly in developing countries. Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Most importantly, we would not like for the various advances health sector to utilize helplessly or isolate them self’s from one another, but take the effort to interact and advance complementary components of systems that have a global integrated nature. Now, we redirect to the three set of sources...
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...Muda Mura and Muri | Lean Manufacturing Wastes Lean Manufacturing Wastes When people think of waste in manufacturing they usually only think about all of the scrap material that gets thrown away or if your lucky recycled, they often forget about all of the other actions that waste our time, our resources and our MONEY.. When someone who has had some contact with Lean Manufacturing talks about waste they are often talking about Muda, or the seven wastes (or 8+ wastes depending on your definitions), but they often forget the other wastes defined within the Toyota Production System; Mura and Muri. Muda, The Seven Wastes Muda is any activity or process that does not add value, a physical waste of your time, resources and ultimately your money. These wastes were categorized by Taiichi Ohno within the Toyota production system, they are; * Transport; the movement of product between operations, and locations. * Inventory; the work in progress (WIP) and stocks of finished goods and raw materials that a company holds. * Motion; the physical movement of a person or machine whilst conducting an operation. * Waiting; the act of waiting for a machine to finish, for product to arrive, or any other cause. * Overproduction; Over producing product beyond what the customer has ordered. * Over-processing; conducting operations beyond those that customer requires. * Defects; product rejects and rework within your processes. To this list of the original seven...
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...I E S IN T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Thomas A. LaVeist, Ph.D. Darrell J. Gaskin, Ph.D. Patrick Richard, Ph.D. September 2009 foreward Not everyone in the United States enjoys the same health opportunities. Studies show that minority Americans experience poorer than average health outcomes from cradle to the grave. They are much more likely to die as infants, have higher rates of diseases and disabilities, and have shorter life spans. As the U.S. Congress and the Obama Administration work toward enactment of legislation to reform America’s health care system, a central focus of the debate has been the projected cost of ensuring accessible and affordable health care to every citizen. While some have struggled with the premise that health care reform can actually reduce health-related spending, the experience of racial and ethnic minorities under our current health care system is a strong indication that improving opportunities for good health – and minimizing inequities in health care access and outcomes – may well be good for the nation’s fiscal health, as well. This study, commissioned by the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies and carried out by leading researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland, provides important insight into how much of a financial burden racial disparities are putting on our health care system and society at large. The researchers examined the...
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...In this essay I will be looking at the social and psychological determinants of health in the client group that I work with. This group is known as one of the most vulnerable group within the society and this is evident in its inequalities in health care. ‘Determinants of health’ is a term introduced in the1970s as part of a wider critique of public health research and policy. It was argued that too much research attention and too much health expenditure were being devoted to individuals and their illnesses and too little invested in populations and their health….. Public health, it was concluded, should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health services and disease outcomes’ (Graham, 2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) sees ‘inequalities in health care’ as the differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. It can be the differences in mobility between elderly people and younger populations or differences in mortality rates between people from different social classes. Some inequalities in health are attributable to biological variations or free choice and others are attributable to the external environment and conditions mainly outside the control of the individuals concerned. The group of people I work with are people with ‘Learning disabilities’ (LD): “Learning disabilities is a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind” (DH, 1995). A person with LD...
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...Concepts of inequality and structural violence is advanced by Farmer in his work, Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. The novel shines light on the specific inequalities of women (Farmer 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]), as well as those with various views and understanding of the disease on an individual and international aid sponsor country scale (Farmer 2006a [1992], 2006b [1994], 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]). Farmer connects biomedicine and anthropology throughout the book addressing challenges involving the perceived causes of TB in Haiti. Identifying it as rationalized suffering (Farmer 2001 [1999]). Stating that “the anthropologist within me is perfectly satisfied to analyze such explanations, but to a physician it is nothing less...
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...Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit | Unit 12:Public Health | Assignment | 12. 2 Factors affecting the health of the public | Assessor | Mrs J Cook | Issue Date | | Submission Date | | Return date | | Grading Criteria | 1 | 2 | P3 | Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored | | | | | | | P4 | Explain the main factors affecting current patterns of health in the UK | | | | | | | M2 | Discuss the factors likely to influence current and future patterns of health in the UK | | | | | | | D1 | Evaluate the influence of government on factors that contribute the current patterns of health and illness in the UK. | | | | | | | Learner declaration I certify that the evidence submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice. Learner signature: Date: Scenario You have been asked to carry out a study on the health and wellbeing of two areas within the UK. Task one P3 Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored (i) Calculate the life expectancy for a male and female born in the UK today. How has this changed since the 19th century. (ii) Describe the way in which the health of people in the UK is recorded and monitored. (iii) Using data from public health reports (National Statistics online, department of health etc) provide...
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...development economists generally. The focus on poverty reduction reached a high point perhaps with the articulation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and with the extensive analytic work that has accompanied the MDGs.[2] Yet, much of the discussion of poverty reduction and economic development in low and middle income countries has either ignored the issue of income distribution or has tended to view income distribution only in terms of its impact on economic growth. Poverty and inequality, however, are intimately bound up with one another.[3] Both as an analytic issue and as a policy issue, there are severe limitations in attempting to deal with poverty – or, more broadly, with economic well-being – without also examining income inequality. Indeed, it is questionable that we can even define poverty independently of income distribution. In this essay, I want to develop the argument that economists and economic policy-makers should focus much greater attention on inequality as measured by the distribution of income (and wealth). The traditional focus simply on absolute levels of income as a measure of poverty and economic well-being is fundamentally flawed. My argument here has thee parts: • Poverty or, more generally, economic well-being cannot be effectively defined as distinct from income distribution. • Income distribution is fundamental to our understanding of justice (fairness) and human rights, and relative...
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...Health Disparity as a Public Health Initiative A Public Health Initiative involves all the activities whose establishment points towards improving the present and forthcoming defines in the health sector. The significant aim of PHI encompasses from the provision of essentials that assists given countries to adhere to the practice of healthy policies. In the long run, it will in turn lead to the creation of various opportunities including research and training of health workers. One of the health initiatives involves the Health Disparity. There exists a broad discrimination in the event in which various patients receive health services. It, therefore, puts health disparity as one of the public health initiatives. In this regard, this paper discusses more health inequality and its relevance to the health sector (Barr, 2014). Health disparity is a standard issue in the present world. It is a matter that arises due to the distinctiveness in the ethnic background, the color difference of individuals and the even difference in the language spoken. However, in the event of finding a solution to the given disparity, there exist certain principles of economics for evaluating and assessing the need for health inequality. The first principle advocates for the equal treatment of everybody in need of medical attention. It is a principle whose aims majors in equity (Bayer, 2012). Regardless of an individual’s ethnic background, each and every person dwelling in the planet earth deserves...
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...08/10/2014 HEALTH PROMOTION The Effects of Socioeconomic Influences of Health LO1 ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 1 • The notes contained in this PowerPoint presentation will cover LO1 (1.1;1.2;1.3) • Please print notes prior to attending lectures ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 2 1 08/10/2014 Learning Outcomes (LO) On successful completion of this lecture a learner will: LO1: Understand the socio-economic influences on health 1.1 explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. 1.2 assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health. 1.3 discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 3 Unit Content (LO1) Influences: social e.g. disposable income, unemployment, lifestyle choices, environment, access to healthcare facilities, access to information, citizenship status, discrimination. Sources of information: reports and enquiries e.g. Black Report DHSS 1980, Acheson Report ‘Independent Inquiry in ‘Inequalities in Health’ 1998, Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS), Health Survey for England (HSFE), census data ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 4 2 08/10/2014 Definitions (Class participation Review) • What is health promotion? • What is public health? • What do we mean by determinant of health? • What do we mean by environmental factors? ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 5 The main determinants of health Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, 1992 Figure 1: adapted from...
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...city, so the health quality and services are more available for everyone. However, if I compare between city and country side, I can see much difference between them. In the country side, many people suffer and died from inadequate of health care systems. Furthermore, there are another reasons for this, for example lack of facilities and equipment to do operation or surgery and also can be low income cause some people tend to stay at home rather than go to city to spend much money to get a better treatment . On the other hand, in the city, there are many hospitals and also have full of equipment to do big operation. Yet, they tend to have bad lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes and heart attack because of their daily food. My father has passed away because of heart attack. The reason is He did not really care about his health condition; he smokes and eats everything that he wants. I think in Indonesia, people in the country side are healthier because of their good lifestyle diet. They eat food from their farm which is more natural and no junk foods. Besides, the environment is better than city which is many trees and fewer vehicles if we compare with city which is full of pollutions. For Australia, I know about their culture and lifestyle roughly. I can see that many people have party during weekend and some people do every night in a week in which way they drink alcohol and worse thing is they have a free-sex lifestyle. However, if I compare the health care systems...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH Although, recently there is a growing literature on the importance of globalization for health, the term globalization has for long been used in academic discourse, particularly within the social and political science but relatively new in the discussion within public health. While the processes of globalization are far from straight forward, the concept of health is as well a complex one, which result into no consensus either on the pathways and mechanism through which globalization affects the health of population or on the appropriate policy responses (woodward et al 2001). However, there has been a significant increase interest on the issue of globalization within public health, although a contested one, since authors on public health are still undecided not only on the exact conclusion on the impact of globalization on public health, whether bad or good, but also as to whether globalization has actually cemented its place in the public health lexicon. Nevertheless, it is know that a broad-based public health should take note of significant economic, political and social changes that determine and shape people’s health, and this definitely will call for a proper theoretical approach to globalization in understanding the nature of these contemporary economic, political and social changes (Stuart McClean in Orme et. al. 2007). This essay will describe the relationship between globalization and public health. It will first begin, by exploring...
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...Socioeconomic inequalities in the Health and Nutrition of Children in Low/Middle Income Countries: Discussion Summary Antonio Taylor Stratford University HCA 505: Global Health Professor Ostrander January 27, 2016 Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Health and Nutrition of Children in Low/Middle income Countries: Discussion Summary Introduction Child malnutrition remains one of the world’s most fundamental challenges for improved human development. Because the time and capacities of caregivers are limited, there are too many children in the world that are unable to access and effectively use at all times the food and healthcare services they need for a healthy life. Hundreds of millions of children in less developed countries suffer from poor health can nutrition. Children in most less developed countries also complete far few years of schooling, and learn less per year in schooling, than their counterparts in developed countries. Recent research has shown that poor health and nutrition among children reduces their time in school and their learning during that time. Background There is a long standing tradition of research on socio-economic health inequalities in contemporary high income countries. Early studies in the socioeconomic inequalities were often done by physicians engaged in social movements, who focused on the influence of living conditions on health. Attention for socio-economic health inequalities have been changing since the 19th century. At...
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...city, so the health quality and services are more available for everyone. However, if I compare between city and country side, I can see much difference between them. In the country side, many people suffer and died from inadequate of health care systems. Furthermore, there are another reasons for this, for example lack of facilities and equipment to do operation or surgery and also can be low income cause some people tend to stay at home rather than go to city to spend much money to get a better treatment . On the other hand, in the city, there are many hospitals and also have full of equipment to do big operation. Yet, they tend to have bad lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes and heart attack because of their daily food. My father has passed away because of heart attack. The reason is He did not really care about his health condition; he smokes and eats everything that he wants. I think in Indonesia, people in the country side are healthier because of their good lifestyle diet. They eat food from their farm which is more natural and no junk foods. Besides, the environment is better than city which is many trees and fewer vehicles if we compare with city which is full of pollutions. For Australia, I know about their culture and lifestyle roughly. I can see that many people have party during weekend and some people do every night in a week in which way they drink alcohol and worse thing is they have a free-sex lifestyle. However, if I compare the health care systems...
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...HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL 3 CONTENTS PAGE Concepts of an unequal society……………………. Page 3 Social inequalities in society………………………… Page Impact of social inequalities on different groups in society………………. Page Evaluation of the impact of social inequalities in society………………….. Page Within most known societies there are certain things that make it unequal. This means that the society experiences troubles because some aspects of it are making it uneven due to views, beliefs and attitudes being expressed and conflicting. This could occur because people view themselves as a higher social class than others. Therefore, social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-social-inequality-in-sociology-definition-effects-causes.html People who may be unlucky within societies could be the subject of; P1- EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS OF AN UNEQUAL SOCIETY STEREOTYPING This is to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same. There can be both positive and negative stereotypes which can have a negative effect on a person. For example, one racial stereotype is that Asian students are really good at math. This is a positive stereotype, but it can make an Asian student feel pressure and feel like a failure if he isn't good at math, which is a negative outcome. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stereotype ...
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...Health Needs Assessment: Practice Population BSc (Hons) Specialist Practitioner Community Nursing Word Count: 3836 Pages:17 Public health is a multifactorial approach to the health of the population and is concerned primarily with the promotion of health (Naidoo and Wills 2000). Wanless (2004) defines it as ‘The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals’. Baggott (2004) agrees with the above, but suggests that public health is fundamentally concerned with the activities of the community to improve health, rather than treatment of disease in individuals. As a student practice nurse working in a GP practice in primary care I will often be the public’s first point of contact with the National Health Service (NHS) (Ewles and Simnett 1999). Primary care is increasingly being seen as the key area within the NHS for the implementation of public health strategies (Peckham 2003, p.20). It is important, therefore, that I have an understanding of the wider issues which impact on the health of individuals and the population as a whole, in my area of practice (Jones 2000). Carey (2003, p.221) suggests that it is crucial for practice nurses to deliver care that meets the needs, and addresses the public health issues of the local population. One way to review whether health services are...
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