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1. Introduction Cross-cultural literacy (an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced) is important to success in international business There may be a relationship between culture and the costs of doing business in a country or region Culture is not static, and the actions of MNEs can contribute to cultural change
2. What is Culture? Question: What is culture?  Culture is a system of values (abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable) and norms (the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations) that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living  A society is a group of people who share a common set of values and norms
3. Values and Norms  Values provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified  Norms are the social rules that govern the actions of people toward one another and can be further subdivided into ◦ folkways (the routine conventions of everyday life) ◦ mores (norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life)
4. Culture, Society, and the Nation-State A society can be defined as a group of people that share a common set of values and norms  There is not a strict one-to-one correspondence between a society and a nation-state ◦ Nation- states are political creations that can contain a single culture or several cultures ◦ Some cultures embrace several nations
5. Cultural Dimensions in China  Greetings are done in order of age–always greet the eldest member of a group first  As status is recognized by age, university degree and profession, use of a person’s title is important. Address someone as Dr. or Professor whenever possible. Do not call someone by their first name until they

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...Chapter 1 – Introduction to Data Communications Th is is th e b egin n in g of a cu m u la tive ca s e s tu d y a b ou t a fictit iou s fir m we ca ll Next-Da y Air S er vice (NDAS ). Th e ca s e s t u d y b egin s h er e in Ch a p ter 1 a n d con tin u es th r ou gh ou t th e r es t of th e b ook . It r equ ir es you to com p lete ta s k s th a t a r e r ela ted to top ics cover ed in ea ch cor r es p on d in g ch a p ter of th e text. Th e en d of ea ch ch a p ter con ta in s th e ca s e n a r r a tive, r ela ted figu r es , a n d a s et of qu es tion s a n d p r ob lem s . Th es e d o n ot h a ve on e u n iqu e s olu t ion . Th er e a r e too m a n y a lter n a tives wh en d ea lin g with LANs , WANs , MANs , BNs , a n d th e In ter n et, s o a r ea lis t ic n etwor k d es ign a n d d evelop m en t p rob lem ca n h a ve s evera l wor k a b le a n s wer s . As with a n y r ea l-life p r ob lem with a m b igu ities or u n r es olved con s id er a tion s , you m u s t m a k e you r own a s s u m p tion s . Feel fr ee to r ea d a h ea d or u s e th e in d ex to fin d r ela ted s u b jects th a t s u p p or t you r r ecom m en d a tion s . You r in s tr u ctor m a y p r ovid e a d d ition a l gu id elin es r ega r d in g r ep or t for m a ts , Web a n d lib r a ry r es ou r ces , k ey a s s u m p tion s , a n d th e lik e for th e va r iou s qu es tion s a n d p r ob lem s p r es en ted in th is ca s e s tu d y. Be s u r e to p r ovid e a d equ a te ju s tifica t ion for a n y...

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...Chapter 1 – Introduction to Data Communications Th is is th e b egin n in g of a cu m u la tive ca s e s tu d y a b ou t a fictit iou s fir m we ca ll Next-Da y Air S er vice (NDAS ). Th e ca s e s t u d y b egin s h er e in Ch a p ter 1 a n d con tin u es th r ou gh ou t th e r es t of th e b ook . It r equ ir es you to com p lete ta s k s th a t a r e r ela ted to top ics cover ed in ea ch cor r es p on d in g ch a p ter of th e text. Th e en d of ea ch ch a p ter con ta in s th e ca s e n a r r a tive, r ela ted figu r es , a n d a s et of qu es tion s a n d p r ob lem s . Th es e d o n ot h a ve on e u n iqu e s olu t ion . Th er e a r e too m a n y a lter n a tives wh en d ea lin g with LANs , WANs , MANs , BNs , a n d th e In ter n et, s o a r ea lis t ic n etwor k d es ign a n d d evelop m en t p rob lem ca n h a ve s evera l wor k a b le a n s wer s . As with a n y r ea l-life p r ob lem with a m b igu ities or u n r es olved con s id er a tion s , you m u s t m a k e you r own a s s u m p tion s . Feel fr ee to r ea d a h ea d or u s e th e in d ex to fin d r ela ted s u b jects th a t s u p p or t you r r ecom m en d a tion s . You r in s tr u ctor m a y p r ovid e a d d ition a l gu id elin es r ega r d in g r ep or t for m a ts , Web a n d lib r a ry r es ou r ces , k ey a s s u m p tion s , a n d th e lik e for th e va r iou s qu es tion s a n d p r ob lem s p r es en ted in th is ca s e s tu d y. Be s u r e to p r ovid e a d equ a te ju s tifica t ion...

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