...population, including factors affecting its size and growth * Whether a population is growing, declining or stable is affected by four factors: * Births and Immigration increases the population * Deaths and Emigration decreases the population • Natural change: is the number of births minus the number of deaths • Net migration: is the number immigrating into country minus the number emigrating from it • The UK’s population grew from 37mil in 1901 to 61mil today and should reach 71mil by 2031 • Growth has been mostly due to natural change rather than net migration Births There are two measures of births 1. Birth rate 2. Total fertility rate The birth rate • The birth rate: is the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year • There has been a long-term decline in the birth rate • In 1900, it was almost 29 • By 2007, it had fallen by more than 60%, to under 11 • But there have been fluctuations • There were 3 ‘baby booms’: 1 after each war and another in the 1960’s • The rate fell sharply in the 1970’s, rose during the 1980’s and early 1990’s, and then fell until the recent increase since 2001 The total fertility rate • The total fertility rate: is the average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years (aged 15-44) • In the 1960’s baby boom, it reached an average of 2.95 children per woman, declining to an all-time low of 1.63 in 2001, before rising slightly to 1.84 in 2006 • The total fertility...
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...This record of Italian immigration is a key component in understanding my family background and facilitating a focal point in the century fueling Italian immigration. My grandmother’s perspective is a firsthand account that reveals the methods in which Italian immigrants assimilated and even influenced American culture. Their initial reaction along with the hardships of being new in a strange new world is a fascinating piece of American History. This presentation serves as a small piece of historical content revealing how foreigners relied on this country as a catalyst in building a life one could only dream of. Genetically, my background consists of an array of European influences. However, my family majorly identifies and honors our bloodline of Sicilian descent. My mother comes from a very strong German, Italian upbringing while my father is primarily and predominantly most associated with Italian; specifically speaking, Sicilian. The idea of having to record this information proved to be extremely important in historical value and delivered a sense of pride in my understanding of family foundation. The influx of Italian heritage and culture defined American lifestyle from the mid1800’s all the way until the late 1900’s. It is one of the most abundantly and culturally enriching populations to hit American soil, primarily the East coast. My earliest American relatives date back to 1905 in the midst of Italian Influx to American Eastern coastal suburbs and city areas. One...
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...Demography Births page 47 The number of birthdays affects population sizes. Sociologist uses the birth rate to measure births. The birth rate is… the number of live births per 100 of the population per year. In 1900 the birth rate was 28.7 In 2007 the birth rate was 10.7 This shows there has been a flucation in birth. Was high in 1900’s as after the war people had babies. A baby boom is… when a lot of babies are born in the same short space of time. The total fertility rate Factors determining the birth rate are… the proportion of women who ar child bearing, and how many children they can have. Total fertility rate is… The UK’s TFR in 2001 was… 1.63 2006… 1.84 1964… 2.95 These changes in fertility and birth rates reflect that… More women are remaining childless than in the past, and women are waiting longer to have children. Reasons for decline in the birth rate are.. Abortion | better nutrition | better medicine | improved housing | divorce | women do what they want | jobs | better knowledge of hygiene. Future trends in birth rates – page 48 Birth rates – fertility rates – family sizes are… falling. There has been a slight increase in births since 2001, because immigration. The projection for the period up to 2041 expects… annual number of births to be fairy constants, around 700-720,000 per a year. Effects in changes in fertility – page 49 Changes in the number of babies being born effect several aspects of society like.. family...
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...The Ku Klux Klan, which is often referred to and abbreviated as “KKK,” originated in the South during the 1860’s. It later died out in 1870, and was re-established in in the early 1900’s. “A new version of the Ku Klux Klan arose during the early 1920s. Throughout this time period, immigration, fear of radicalism, and a revolution in morals and manners fanned anxiety in large parts of the country. Roman Catholics, Jews, African Americans, and foreigners were only the most obvious targets of the Klan's fear mongering. Bootleggers and divorcees were also targets (Digital History).” At first the main objective of white supremacy organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, the White Brotherhood, the Men of Justice, the Constitutional Union Guards and the Knights of the White Camelia was to stop black people from voting. After white governments had been established in the South the Ku Klux Klan continued to undermine the power of blacks. Successful black businessmen were attacked and any attempt to form black protection groups such as trade unions was quickly dealt with. In 1920, two Atlanta publicists, Edward Clarke, a former Atlanta journalist, and Bessie Tyler, a former madam, took over an organization that had formed to promote World War I fund drives. At that time, the organization had 3,000 members. In three years they built it into the Southern Publicity Association, a national organization with three million members. With the growth of the organization, they were able to control...
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...various changes to family size in UK due to many reasons. Geographical factors such as immigration and emigration has widely affected the family size in the UK. Statistics show that between 1994 and 2004 immigration rose from 314 to 582,000 annually. However there have also been many social factors involved in the increase of family size over the past century which will be examined below. One of the main reasons of changes in family size is ageism. The average life expectancy of a person has increased by about 2 years per decade as males born in 1900 in England were expected to live to about 50 whereas males born in England in 2003-2005 are expected to live to about 76.9 years old. The average age of the UK population is rising, in 1971 it stood at 34.1 but by 2007 it climbed to 42.6. This is end means that there are fewer young people and the elderly are living longer. Reasons such as medical and health improvements have contributed to the elderly now being able to live for longer. After the establishment of the NHS in 1949 there was a widespread of better health and nutrition, medical knowledge and better sanitation. Thomas McKeown argues that improved nutrition accounted up to half the reduction in death rates thus increasing family size as fewer deaths occurred. Also the decline in infant mortality has contributed towards the ageing population as fewer young people are dying in their early life giving parents no more of a need to have children to replace those who died. However...
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...Timeline Part II NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. “Timeline Part II.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part II up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 16th Century – 19th Century | I found this excerpt from Robert Francis Engs from the Macmillan Information Now Encyclopedia: The history of African American slavery in the United States can be divided into two periods: the first coincided with the colonial years, about 1650 to 1790; the second lasted from American independence through the Civil War, 1790 to 1865. Prior to independence, slavery existed in all the American colonies and therefore was not an issue of sectional debate. With the arrival of independence...
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...CURRENT AFFAIRS AND HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS My view of studying history is that it is important for future generations to know where their ancestors have been and what they have accomplished in order to make future changes and developments in a society. I feel that without studying American history most industries would not be able to grow to meet the demands of modern day needs. Take for instance the computer industry and it’s progression in the last 40 years. My laptop that I’m writing this paper with has as much power, if not more than the computers used to put a man on the moon. That would not be possible if manufacturers did not look at ways to improve what they already have developed, which means they have to look back at what they have created in the past. Among other important reasons for studying American History would be subjects such as labor laws and social security. We as a society want to live better lives and improve the quality of our lives and so by looking at the past we can make changes in the future to benefit our future generations. In my view without studying history there would be no progressive future. I think many people have a negative view on studying history because they can’t seem to find a connection to how history relates or affects their lives. I believe that anyone can find something interesting to study in history. It’s just a matter of finding a way for them to connect with a subject on a personal or professional level. Maybe someone does...
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...to take up permanent residence”. Therefore, immigration in Unites States’ history dates all the way back to 1565 and the first European settlement in America or what they deemed as the ‘New World’ at the time. People choose to immigrate to other countries for various reasons, whether it is for safety, a chance at a new life, to experience another culture, or even just for the desire to explore the world. This essay focuses on the broad history of immigration in the United States, the various stakeholders’ in the issue and their stances and arguments, as well as organizing these arguments into different categories. The first wave of migration to hit America was The Great Migration that lasted between 1630 and 1640, a decade in which over twenty thousand Puritans escaped from Britain to America due to the disputes between the Puritans and King Charles I and Parliament. Between the 17th and 18th centuries, hundreds of thousands of immigrants arrived in America in order to colonize, with over half of the immigrants coming as indentured servants to the wealthier colonizers. These immigrants came from all across Europe and were all focused on establishing themselves as early as possible in America and to hopefully become rich and famous. The first stakeholder in the issue of immigration in the United States was the government and in particular, nativists. This is seen when the first law established that limited or restricted immigration to the United States was the Naturalization...
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...The immigration debate is about whether or not immigrants should be, and can live in America. The United States allowed people from all over the world to live on American soil, from the 1800’s to the early 1900’s. Almost every year during this time around a million people came to America. Today more people live in the United States than ever before. America has closed its borders, but more and more immigrants come here every year. If the borders had not been closed off, then there would not be anyone majority culture. In the earlier years there was a fear that the southern Europeans would bring communism with them. However, today we are not afraid of the southern Europeans, but that spanish-speaking would take over English. It is not only the language that people are afraid of, but also them gaining political power. One reason why people think of this, is because in California there are only around 15 million whites, but 21 million immigrants....
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...are the symbols of that great dream that so many sought so many years ago. During a visit to Ellis Island last summer I learned that during the early 1900’s we encouraged immigration because it was a time when our country’s territory had grown and we needed more people to help with the continued development of our country. Today, however, we find that immigration is not seen as a positive for our country, but rather it is unquestionably considered a problem today in America. Immigration law is in the news a lot and immigration policy is a big topic discussed in congress; it is even a major issue for Obama’s administration. Some people in government believe that we should “close the door” and reduce the amount of people coming into our country; especially as it relates to the problems we have had with terrorist activities. But, I believe that the main problem with immigration is not the legal immigrants who come here following the rules, but rather it’s the illegal immigrants who sneak into our country over borders and then put a burden on our social services and do harm to our country. So, what is the solution? Currently there are almost 12 million illegal immigrants in America and that makes it just too expensive and a big project to just deport all of them at one time, so we need a better plan; something must be done. Illegal immigration inflicts a great threat to America. Aside from the belief that illegal immigrants are stealing jobs from our own citizens and the legal immigrants...
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...Timeline Part II NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. “Timeline Part II.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part II up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1619-1860 | At first, slaves could earn their freedom. When they did, slaves tended to own their own slaves. This is how it was up until 1750 when Georgia legalized slavery. Slavery was more needed in the south than the north due to the climate and ability to grow more crops. (Webmaster, 2011) Around 1808, the importation of slavery ended due to the rise in births. Blacks then made up 20% of the American population. | 2) The socio-cultural impact of the abolitionist movement including: a) The effect of...
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...Timeline Part II NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. “Timeline Part II.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part II up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1619 - 1865 | Slavery began with in 1619 with the first slaves brought to Virginia as indentured servants. As time goes by, slavery becomes more popular, to help with farming large farms or plantations. Though the Declaration of Independence in 1776 states that “all men are created equal” this did not apply to people of color. By the time the Civil War starts, slavery is big business, and the south is fighting for the right to keep it. In 1865 the U.S. abolishes slavery with the 13th Amendment. | 2) The socio-cultural...
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...America was in the 1800’s. This period was considered the first out of three waves of Polish immigrants to settle in America. The first major wave was between 1800 and 1860, many of the emigrating Poles were fleeing for America because of political revolution in their homeland. Many Poles liked the idea of a self governing political system that The United States of America had to offer. The Polish people had to endure many hardships in their homeland of Poland. From civil wars, political uprisings, and occupations from enemy countries (Germany, Russia, Prussia) invading their homeland. Along with these invasions and occupations came persecution of the Polish people. “This group fled their country mainly because of political insurrections. The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service have estimated that fewer than 2,000 Poles immigrated during this wave.” (Into America) They sought refuge and a new life in America. During this wave it is estimated that 0nly 2,000 Poles had immigrated to America. The next two waves of Polish American immigrants to arrive in the United States were after World War II (WWII). The Polish people lost 12% of its population during WWII, although the Soviet Union was one of the saving forces during the war for the Polish Nation, soon after the war ended Poland was transformed into a communist government by the Soviet Union. “After World War II, Polish immigrants streamed into the United States once more. U.S. immigration regulations were amended;...
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...Americanization of Immigrants and Native Americans In the late 1800’s immigration has increased immensely. Not only was the population growing but substantial problems went along with the immigration. In restatement, the immigrants came to America to find better opportunity upon a future they want to achieve. The types of immigrants were the Irish, Germans, Chinese, etc. These people wanted to seek for an opportunity to escape their religion, harsh government in their native country, and own land. As the population grew, the society had to change and step up to it’s capability of becoming a stable nation. Some of the significant things that occurred in the life of an immigrant in the society were economical and political problems. Some of the economical changes the immigrants have made, for example were the jobs they had to make money. Many of the 25 million immigrants that entered America between 1866 and 1915 became factory workers. However, for immigrants in the cities, factory work was one of the few options available. Agriculture jobs and factory jobs were the main areas of employment for a lot of former slaves and immigrants. In factories, they had poor lighting, unsanitary conditions, and the jobs were highly dangerous. Women, men and children were able to work in these conditions for up to 12 hours per day. As soon as one became ill or died another person would step over into their past job without a second thought. Another problem that occurred was the population...
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...THE CANADIAN HISTORY OF IMMIGRATNT WORKERS Canadian labour history is tainted by hatred, discrimination and fear of immigrant workers and immigration. This stems in part from Government sponsored racism and the capitalistic use of immigration as a means to defy the labour movement. We can start with the stereotyping and discrimination of the Irish in the 1840’s, our first large scale exploitable labour pool and move right through to today’s racial profiling and cultural unacceptance of Arabs and east Indians. Through our history the acceptance of immigrants gradually improve but even today we haven’t achieved an acceptable level of tolerance. Were not perfect but we eventually seem to learn from the mistakes of our past. After Mackenzie King and into the sixties government supported racism through our immigration department seemed on the decline. With the 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms Act being signed into the constitution we took a huge leap forward. However, this doesn’t erase a past full of discrimination and exploitation of immigrants by government, employers and labour. In Canadian history immigrant workers have been racially stereotyped, discriminated against and subjected to differing levels of acceptance within Canadian culture and the working class society. Immigrant workers found themselves in varying levels of distress upon arrival to Canada, being exploited by employers, shunned by labour and oppressed as second class citizens by government. This may be...
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