...Fertilization (IVF) therapies have helped increase scientific understanding in a previously unnoticed phenomenon. IVF increases the likely hood of multiple blastocysts merging to become one organism. Moreover, developments in cellular research stem cell research, and cross species transplants has brought the possibility of human-nonhuman into the forefront of scientific research for which we are ill prepared. There are three dilemmas that are shaping public policy, and constraining scientific research. These dilemmas are political, ethical, and moral. As we work to answer these dilemmas, we also stumble to maintain international leadership in scientific advancement. Chimeras are an interesting realization in modern science. A chimera was initially mentioned in ancient Greek literature as a beast consisting of a lion, a goat, and a snake. (Homer & Murray, 2012) This definitely sounds like an archaic depiction of a mythological creature, but the title also has some contemporary uses. In modern biology, a Chimera is simply an organism with multiple Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences. On the surface, this subject seems like an interesting biological focus, but one may find it hard to research this subject of biology without scratching the surface of the political, ethical, and moral implications that are part of the conversation when discussing the subject manner. The political, ethical, and moral implications that come...
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...Democracy Mukulika Banerjee A s India is hailed as the next superpower, do its political credentials stand up to scrutiny? Is its record on governance and development up to the challenge of its newfound reputation? India has been a democracy for over six decades. In this time it has achieved some remarkable successes but also failed in significant ways. While economic growth has been rapid over recent decades, this has not translated into greater welfare for the majority of the Indian population. Despite being severely critical of its politicians, the electorate however remains enthusiastic in its political participation, especially at elections. In 1947, when India gained her independence from colonial rule, the choice of parliamentary democracy and a universal franchise for such a poor, vast and largely illiterate nation was considered foolhardy by many observers, at home and abroad. Nevertheless the first general election was held with great rigour, enthusiasm and success in 1952. In the meantime, a Constitution reflecting the political and ideological goals of the new nation had been adopted. It was authored by the Constituent Assembly made up of 299 members who represented the enormous class, religious and linguistic diversity of India’s population and who after much debate and deliberation set out the framework for India’s future as a republic and parliamentary democracy. Enshrined within it were the principles of the separation of powers, a universal...
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...a2008 GP Paper 2 AQ 12 Anna Banatvala thinks an understanding of history is essential, whereas Lee Min Yen thinks history has no value. How important is an understanding of history for you and your society, and how far has your view been challenged or confirmed by these two passages? The importance of an understanding of history is severely weakened in countries where the history is distorted. Hence, my view has been largely confirmed by Lee Min Yen , the author of passage 2. Banatvala asserts that since similar causes produce similar results, the benefit of history is that it can teach us how to avoid our ancestors’ mistakes and emulate their successes. While it seems logically correct that we can learn from our past, the author has made a sweeping assumption about human character. If people are eager and able to avert their forefathers’ failures and repeat their successes, this may be plausible. However, in reality, people are influenced by a multitude of factors and circumstances that they have no control over. For instance, in my society, China has an undisrupted history of more than 5000 years and the causes and effects that account for a government’s success and failure are studied extensively. Undoubtedly, corruption was one of the primary factors that caused a dynasty to fail. Yet, in today’s China, corruption is still prevalent, if not more. Although many government officials are aware of the adverse impact of corruption, they are either unwilling or unable...
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...Summary George Washington’s Presidential Farewell Address consisted of three critical elements that were considered vital for the functional survival of the country that had just won its independence. On September 19, 1796, President Washington advised the nation to stand together as one united country, warned the people about the dangers of political parties and he established foundational reasons for the country to not become over involved in foreign affairs. These three principles set forth an understanding that was monumental for American society. Their level of importance serves as a near perfect reflection to both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution as the building blocks to a great nation. Each of these three principles, even though they were not written as laws, went on as a tradition for this nation; each being clung to with the same level of importance and integrity as the Founders sought in the aforestated documents of freedom. George Washington’s belief in singular national unity was not just an abstract ideal built without fundamental understanding. It was a pragmatic understanding erected on a clear unifying belief, that in order to maintain a nation to build a singular belief in country; it needed a singular belief in purpose. In his Address, Washington stated: The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence...
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...FORUM: General Assembly 6 (Legal) QUESTION OF: Strengthening the role of mediation in the peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict prevention and resolution MAIN SUBMITTER: Botswana _____________________________________________________________ The General Assembly, Acknowledging the aims and principles discussed and abided by in the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming its dedication to protect and honour the sovereignty of all States equally, its understanding of territorial integrity and political freedom of all States equally and the responsibility of all Member States to act internationally in conformity with the principles and aims of the Charter of the United Nations, Taking into account the importance of gender balance within every activity of the UN, whether it be decision-making or idea-generation, Understanding that violence due to arms, terrorism and civil disunion continues to hamper the serenity and social stability of numerous regions all around the world, Noting with appreciation the successes of certain previous mediation attempts as well as the peace and stability they have brought about, Taking note of the 2009 report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations promoting, propagating and supporting any and all mediation efforts made by UN and/or any other state or non-state actor, provided that the aim of the mediation was solely the peaceful settlements of disputes, conflict prevention and resolution, Reiterating Article...
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...In any literary analysis the understanding of the era in which a particular work is written is essential for the understanding of the text in its entirety. Whether the work is fictitious or not, the concerns and anxieties that the historical context presents to society are often of singular importance. Particularly, in two works that marked the literature of the beginnings of the twentieth century and which established the canon of the genre of Dystopia, We by Evgeniy Zamiatin and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, these influences are crucial for the development, the understanding in the context of the period, and the impact on the literary field. In this essay we will try to analyze the social, historical and cultural context of both novels,...
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...everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk Summer 2013 Publications Code US036082 All the material in this publication is copyright © Pearson Education Ltd 2013 6GP02_01 1301 No. 1 (a) With reference to the source, outline two features of the UK constitution. AO1 Knowledge and understanding Key knowledge and understanding The following features are in the source and can be...
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...Minor Parties: Past and Present Throughout the history of American politics, there have been countless political parties that have formed, disbanded, and evolved, and nearly all of them have helped shape today’s American political structure in some way. These groups have made significant contributions to American politics and have both directly and indirectly impacted election outcomes. In both the 1912 and the 1968 presidential elections, minor party candidates not only secured a significant amount of support, but influenced drastic change in political views and processes in the United States. In addition to these historical examples, minor parties continue to have a significant role in American politics, and in the 2012 Presidential Election, the Libertarian and Green Parties both nominated candidates that had potential to make a significant impact. Many scholars today believe minor parties only to be “spoilers” in presidential elections; they say that they merely take enough votes away from one candidate to cause the other candidate to win the election (Trautman, 2014). While this does occur, minor parties have a much greater impact on American politics than as merely election spoilers. They often present issues that are important to the American populous that may be overlooked by the large political machines that are the Democratic and Republican parties. After the major parties study these issues, often they consider them in the presentation of their party platform to...
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...section of your student website. • Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. • Write a paragraph of approximately 100 words for each section listed below. 1. Using the critical thinking skills you have gained so far and referring to the materials provided for this assignment, identify two possible strategies that Thomas Hutchinson or Samuel Adams likely used to develop and improve their thinking as those historical events unfolded prior to taking a stand and acting according to their beliefs. Samuel Adams may have used strategy one: analyzing a single statement for what is means by asking yourself if the statement makes sense and if so responding with a yes or no answer. Adams was not only an extremist but a political writer speaking to issues that directly affected colonies like the Stamp Act and tea distribution from East India. Both of these events affected many colonists in a negative way because the Stamp Act added taxation to certain products, while India tea imports, caused some colonists to lose money from their own tea sells. Adams would have had to ask himself why these acts where just or unjust by analyzing them individually in a literal sense. He publicly came to the conclusion that these acts were unjust because they both caused colonists to lose money and also put a damper on their personal values and liberty. Another strategy he may have used it number 3, which is when something that is presented as factual isn’t and therefore needs an...
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...The party identification model demonstrates a clear correlation between voting behaviour and a range of social variables. In 1967, political scientist Peter Pulzer claimed ‘Class is the basis of British Politics: all else is embellishment and detail’ (Pulzer, 1967). The period 1945-1970, was characterised by psephologists as one of political stability with a clear two party dominance with party loyalty closely corresponding with social class. During this time, 90% of the votes cast during general elections were gained by either the Labour or Conservative party which under first-past- the post translated to 98% of seats in parliament. (IPSOS MORI 2015). At this time there was a clear correlation between party identification and social class. The Institute of Marketing developed a schema measured by occupation...
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...punctual and to balance his life. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) Said: “And acquire knowledge from cradle to grave.” Education is the fundamental factor in the process of human development. The importance of education in the process of nation building and economic prosperity can not be denied. The famous Greek philosopher Plato, while emphasizing the need and importance of education, said: “Education brings light to human mind and eye.” There is no denying the fact that uneducated and illiterate people cannot perform their duties, national as well as personal, in a proper and befitting manner. The success of democracy, the most popular system of government in modern times, largely depends on education. Every civilized society is desirous of progress in the modern age, gives top most priority to the acquisition of knowledge and spends huge amounts on education in order to curb and eradicate ignorance. Educated people are the source of strength for the state, for they can effectively contribute towards the development and progress of society. They can ably help and assist the state in achieving the desired goals of a welfare state. It is imperative that education should be imparted in view of the Islamic ideals in order to enable them to fully understand their social and political commitments. It is also essential to train...
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...providing healthcare reform and finally succeeded in 2010 with the Affordable Care Act. Each political party has their own agenda that they use to guide the policies they support. Unfortunately, many health care providers are not aware of the policy challenges that our profession faces daily and the impact our government has on healthcare policies. Policy making is driven by committees within our federal and state government where bills that have been presented are reviewed. Each party typically will push for new policies that benefit their political party often voting for bills in the legislature that gain the most popular vote. The passing of policies through our legislature impacts healthcare in various ways. For example take the Bill presented by Illinois congresswomen on safe patient-staff ratio. If this bill is passed and becomes policy, hospital systems will be forced to revamp patient census requirements, when there is only one study available showing improved quality of care. . It is crucial that evidence based practice be incorporated with policy making as well. Brownson, Chriqui, and Stamatakis (2009) encouraged the implementation of an evidence-based policy process to engage the problem, policy, and politics. Healthcare is impacted greatly by policies and often driven by individual law makers without an understanding of the healthcare system. This is where the importance of nursing organizations lobbying specific issues to attempt to...
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...Raja Nabil Dzurkarnain Professor W. Thomas Fagan PSCI 2000 May 6, 2012 1) Everyone have their own political ideology and opinions in what’s happening in the world right now. I would categorize myself as a Liberal. Liberal and conservatives have their own view in how they see certain issues. However, I can be liberal in some issues and conservative in other issues. Being a Muslim, how I view things can be different from anyone who doesn’t share the same faith as me. For example, same sex marriage is legal in some states in the United States. Religion wise, I totally against same sex marriage because it is forbidden in Islam and been regarded as a sinful act. From the perspective of humanity, same sex marriage would make no sense because the couples cannot reproduce an heir. Besides that, there are also different opinions on abortion. Muslims regard abortion as wrong and forbidden but many accept it may be permitted in certain cases. From my understanding, abortion on the ground of financial reason or not be able to take care of the baby when the baby growing up is a great sin in Islam. In my opinion, the mother should be allowed to abort her baby if it’s because of poverty. The reason is if the mother cannot provide the baby with food and shelter than there is no point of keeping the child. Every child deserves the basic needs to grow up. The reason I mention this is because I don’t view all issues from Islamic perspectives. Some of the things you just need to be...
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...Renderring of the article “Latino voters take center stage in both presidential campaigns” The article under reading is headlined “Latino voters take center stage in both presidential campaigns”. The author of the article is Karen Tumulty. She is a national political correspondent for The Washington Post. Before joining the Post, Tumulty wrote for Time from October 1994 to April 2010. She was a Congressional correspondent as well as the National Political Correspondent based in Washington D.C. for the magazine. It was published in the Washington Post on December 26, 2011. The Washington Post is a leading American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D.C., and oldest extant in the area, founded in 1877. Located in the capital city of the United States, The Post has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. The article is devoted to the importance of the Hispanic voters for both the candidates in the upcoming elections in the USA. In the very beginning of the article the author tells us that Hispanic voters are important for both the candidates. Then the author tells us about the relations between as Latinos and Obama, and Latinos and Romney. The author provides information about Obama’s attitude towards them. There are special programs for the minorities both medical and educational, which are promoted by Obama volunteers. Then we see that 67%...
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...The Afghan Perspective of Governmental Structures and Political Processes: Analyzing Afghanistan’s Potential to Develop Through Effective Formation and Operation of Government Why do Afghans Identify So Little with Political Parties Even though the Spectrum of Parties is So Wide? Which Candidate From the Recent Election Has a Better Plan on Rebuilding Afghanistan? Aimal Pahrand December 10, 2014 Abstract With U.S.-led NATO forces exiting Afghanistan in 2016, Afghan stability relies on the strength, capacity, validity, and permeability of Afghan governance. Although the size and overall adequacy of the Afghan governing structure has increased drastically since the fall of the Taliban regime, the government remains prevalent with corruption as political and ethnic tensions among its major subdivisions remain present. The recent election showed that Afghans still vote according to ethnicity. The Pashtun population heavily favored Dr. Ashraf Ghani, advisor of the Bonn process and Finance Minister to former president Hamid Karzai’s erratic administration. Alternative candidate Dr. Abdullah Abdullah, former foreign minister in the Karzai administration and Secretary General of the Masood foundation as well as United Front’s Minister of Foreign affairs during the Taliban regime, was heavily favored by non-Pasthun voters. Ghani’s victory led to a huge backlash due to claims of fraudulent voting, which forced the two candidates to f ormally signing a power-sharing agreement...
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