...NPO Leadership and Management Midterm Paper Leadership and Managerial Profile of a Not-for-Profit Compiled By: Faizan Irtiza Zubairi Student No. 201329030023 The NPO sector’s ability to provide its services has come under ever-increasing scrutiny with changes in public policy, important client demographic and psychographic shifts, new commercial initiatives, and growing competition from for-profit providers. Although the sector has reacted creatively in many cases, the increasingly complex dynamics is straining the skills and abilities of nonprofit leaders to meet such challenges. Whether in the profit or the nonprofit sector, all organizations fundamentally need strong leadership acumen to execute their strategy successfully. Therefore, ensuring a steady supply of leadership and management is vital. This is indeed a painstaking task since historically the science of management has always had a focus for commercial outcome! The world is increasingly interconnected and vibrant. Leadership sits in the middle of the mix – both initiating trends and reacting to them. While the NPO sector has access to an energetic, passionate, and creative pool of people and to new tools, there are also challenges that make it difficult for organizations and their leadership to thrive. William Ashby’s (1956) Law of Requisite Variety suggests that for organizations to effectively adapt and cope with a complex environment the variety of its internal order must match the variety of the environmental...
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...2014 Brent Smith Southwest Airlines: Leading Success Leadership, motivation, and workforce commitment are key building blocks within an organization. In a successful organization, these building blocks are connected and held together with the effectiveness of communication. Organizations develop their respective cultures through communication among leadership and with all employees, regarding their mission, values, and goals (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Leaders, both formal and informal, use communication within an organization as a means to motivate others, and to develop loyal and trustworthy employees. Such an organization is Southwest Airlines, whose company culture has been characterized over the years as having unique leadership and communications style. The style of leadership that exists within the organization sets the tone for the types of communication that are not only effective but are also motivational to its workforce. Analysis of Leadership Leadership is broadly defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of vision or set of goals (Robbins & Judge, 2011). While no two people will lead in exactly the same manner, early research conducted by psychologist Kurt Lewin states that there are three basic leadership styles. The basic styles of leadership are (1) authoritarian, (2) participative and (3) delegative leadership (Cherry, 2014). Under the authoritarian style of leadership there is very little room for positive group communication...
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...ethical leadership? Michel Dion ´ Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada Abstract Purpose – The aim of this study is to know if ethical theories could be connected to some leadership approaches. Design/methodology/approach – In the paper eight leadership approaches are selected: directive leadership, self-leadership, authentic leadership, transactional leadership, shared leadership, charismatic leadership, servant leadership, transformational leadership. Five western ethical theories (philosophical egoism, utilitarianism, Kantianism, ethics of virtue, ethics of responsibility) are analyzed to see to what extent their basic concepts could be connected to one or the other leadership approach. Findings – A given ethical theory (such as philosophical egoism) could be suitable to the components of various leadership approaches. Ethical leadership does not imply that a given leadership approach is reflecting only one ethical theory. Rather, ethical leadership implies that for different reasons, various leadership approaches could agree with the same ethical theory. This is what we could call the “moral flexibility of leadership approaches”. Research limitations/implications – This study focuses on western ethical theories. A similar study should be undertaken for Eastern ethical theories coming from Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, or Daoism. Practical implications – Some dualisms (such as Kantianism-transformational leadership, philosophical egoism-transactional leadership) do...
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...have their roles defined. Then, we should compare the differences and similarities between the two, and determine if effective managers need to be good leaders. A manager is one who gets things done through other people, in order to achieve stated organizational objectives . Thus, an effective manager is one who efficiently and successfully can achieve the objectives of the organization. Managerial work can also be summarized as clarification of objects, planning, organizing, directing and controlling. ‘Effective Manager' can thus be defined in the terms of the quantity and quality of standards of performance, and the satisfaction and commitment of subordinates. Leadership is often linked with reference to one person leading. Leadership is a self-motivated and involves four components. First, to lead involves influencing others. Second, where there are leaders there are followers. Third, leaders seem to come to the forefront when there is a crisis or special problem. In other words, they often become visible when a ground-breaking response is needed. Fourth, leaders are people who have a clear idea of what they want to achieve and why. Thus, leaders are people who are able to think and act creatively in non-routine situations and who set out to influence the actions, beliefs and feelings of others. It is very difficult to form an accurate definition of leadership, as there are many factors involved in leadership. But, basically, a leader can be defined as a person who is...
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...Tactical Leadership and Organization Leadership utilize the same principles of leadership in order to meet the goals of mission accomplishment. I believe that organizational leadership is the basis and is achieved with the use of three basic principles. Basic leadership skills and competencies, policies and procedures and the overall organizational mission needs. Company and Battalion levels are considered organizational levels. After completion of your required leadership courses this is where you will continue to training in order to mold yourself and your soldiers into a team that will be able to support the unit’s mission no matter what it may be. The organizational mission could vary from unit level training, natural disaster assistance and go as far as combat. The first thing we as leaders need to take into effect is the organizational mission, both in peace time, tactical training and combat. This will set the tone for required training needed to be an effective leader in order to support the unit at the organizational level as well as the tactical level. I believe that Tactical Leadership is developed from previous experiences obtained through training performed at the organizational level. Everything we do as leaders is in preparation to support the organization at the unit level in peace time as well as at the tactical level during war, or tactical training. In order for this to work effectively leaders must follow set standard operating procedures...
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...Public Leadership “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things” is a famous quote from Peter Drucker (Psychology Today, 2002-2013). According to Rushaw, author of Leading Public Organization: An Interactive Approach, defines leadership “as an interactive relationship involving power and influence to secure goals and achieve satisfactory reward” (p. 14). A key objective of public leadership is to influence the behaviors of the followers by the leaders to aid in achieving goals. The nature of influence determines the form of power in public leadership, that refers to the ability of a leader to influence others. There are three main sources of power at the expense of the leader to enhance organizational productivity and efficiency; they are legitimate, referent, and expert forms of power. It is as important in knowing and understanding the difference between the private and public sector organizations as it is to know and understand the privacy laws. The privacy laws varies depending on the legislation that an organization is governed under. Leadership in Public Sector According to Rusaw (2001), “the nature of public leaderships is defined by the constitutional basis of his or her work. Public service is chartered by legislation, meaning that the content, scope, and relationship of work is related not to enterprise, but to the authority of law” (p. 2). A public sector organization is an organization owned and operated by the local, state, and...
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...Case on: profiles of two visionaries: bill gates and Steve jobs Prepared for: Rumana Afrose Lecturer Department of Business Administration East West University Prepared by: Md. Taijul Islam ID: 2009-2-10-217 Subject Code: MGT 101Section: 09 | Date of Submission: November 04, 2013 Table of content: Introduction In this assignment contrasting leadership style of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs has been analyzed and main features of the style have been described. The impact of their leadership style individual, team and organizational performance has also been explained. Various global leaders have different leadership style depending on the size and nature of the organization. The two global leaders known for their achievements in their field are Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. Their leadership style has contrasting aspects as well as few similarities. Profile of Steve jobs: * Name: Steve Jobs * Full Name: Steven Paul Jobs * Aka: Steve Jobs * Aka: Steven Jobs * Birth date: Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. * Education: Reed College, Homestead High School * Occupation: Entrepreneur, Inventor 1 Apr 1976: Apple Computer Inc. is incorporated by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ron Apr 1989: Steve Jobs is named 'Entrepreneur of the decade' by Inc. magazine Jul 1997: Gil Amelio is ousted by the Apple Board of directors after a disastrous quarter. Steve Jobs is named interim CEO in his...
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...Title Your Name Here University/ Class Teachers Name Abstract In the hospitality industry, specifically in hotels, the industry faces an increasing high turnover rate. When dealing with the hotel industry, the question arises as to why employees have high turnover. The first task to figuring out hotel employee turnover is to identify what the employee’s needs are and what the industry is doing to meet those needs. The article points out the need for wages. The second point discussed is safety needs. Teams benefit both the employer and the employees. The fourth need defined by Maslow is esteem. The fifth and final need mentioned is the need for self-actualization. Ultimately, the reason why the hospitality industry experiences such high turnover is because most jobs offered in the hospitality industry lack the five basics needs mentioned. Retention in the Hospitality Industry In today’s society, most people are in search for that perfect job. Many people want jobs that not only pay well, but also offer great benefits while providing a good balance between work and life. In the hospitality industry, specifically in hotels, the industry faces an increasing high turnover rate. With jobs ranging from front desk tellers, customer service agents, house keeping, maintenance and food and beverage handlers, the result of high turnover can steam from many different factors. When dealing with the hotel industry, the question arises as to why employees have high turnover?...
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...known, applies to every aspect of business and life. Whether it’s a company, a sports team, or a military unit everyone in each of these groups depends on another person to succeed. In order to truly understand teamwork, team building, and what it means to be on a team, “team” must be defined. Team, by plain definition, is a group of people joined for a common goal, normally with talents or skills that complement each other to help them achieve their full potential (Armstrong, 2008, p.60-66). Teamwork consists of the following aspects: the characteristics of a team, leadership’s role in team building, and the benefits of a team approach in the business world. If a management team approaches and properly connects a team together, it will foster a better working environment for the employees, which will create a better atmosphere for the customer. Characteristics of a Team “The basic structure of a team includes a goal, a leader, a group, assessment, feedback and adjustment. Team development is a critical beginning in the process”(Business.com, 2012). There are ten characteristics of a team: (Gordon, 2002, p.185-188) 1. They must have clear goals. 2. Each person must have a defined role within the team. 3. There must be clear communication. 4. Effective decision making. 5. All members must participate fully. 6. Have diversification of skills and...
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...organizational behavior 0rganisational behavior is defined as a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within the organization. Put differently organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in an organizational setting. It is the study of how individuals and groups behave within the organization as well as how members of the organization interact with the external environment. Gibson defines organizational behavior as a field of study that draws on theory, methods, and principles from various disciplines to learn about individuals perceptions, values , learning capacities, and actions while working in groups and within the organization and to analyze the external environment’s effect on the organization and its human resource, missions, objectives, and strategies. Organizational behavior is a still-emerging discipline which seeks to enable managers to understand people better to enhance them improves their management practices to increase productivity, customer satisfaction, and better competitive position. Due to the changing trends in the global or external environment, organizational structure, incentive systems, leadership styles, and organizational processes that worked in the past might not work well in today’s vibrant environment. Emphases have changed from autocratic to democratic. Organizations have been forced to redesign their processes and procedures. The basic framework for the field of organizational...
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...Leadership-Member Exchange Theory What does LMX theory say about leadership? - Conceptualizes leadership as a process that is centered on the interactions between leaders and followers, different from other leadership theories - The dyadic relationship between leader and follower is the focal point of the leadership process - The theory makes every subordinate (follower) feel part of the in-group, in turn avoids the inequities and negative implications of being in an out-group - Leadership making promotes building partnerships and can benefit goals and process Early Studies: Vertical dyads 1) informal/negotiated = in group 2) formal/defined = out group In groups, subordinates are either in the in or out-group based on their interactions. If you agree to negotiate with the leader you can be part of the in-group. Later Studies: - Focused on the quality of leader-member exchange theory and how it was related to positive outputs of group, group members, etc. - High quality leader-member exchange theory increased effectiveness of the organization Leadership Making- promotes building partnerships and can benefit goals and progress - The leader should develop quality relationships with all members. Make Everyone feel like they’re in the in-group - Phases of social growth: 1) Stranger phase- rule bound, low...
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...2011 John D. Thompson Affecting Change Leadership has been defined as the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals. Leaders are sometimes faced with challenges of encouraging employees to adapt to organizational structure and cultural changes. In large organizations the effectiveness of managers depends on influence over supervisors and peers as well as influence over subordinates.” (Yukl, 2006) As the Chief of Operations for Smith & Falmouth Online in the (Leadership in Action simulation) my role is to consolidate operations. I am faced with the challenge of leading a group of unwilling employees to achieve the goals of the organization which is to streamline the online operations, increase the reach of the Online Sales Channel, and make S&F Online a profitable strategic business unit. The deadline for achieving this task is nine months from now. The following will address the current culture within the organization, establish methods that will be utilized in order to maintain control within the organization and recommend a restructuring strategy that will improve the culture and empower employees, which management practices will be most effective, and explain how the new size and structure can affect the organization, individuals, groups, teams, and the organization’s future. Current and Departmental Culture Organizational culture is defined as a pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to...
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...An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Five Guys burgers and Fries. Assignment 1 By: STUDENT NAME: Rodino Wright TO: Dr. Evangeline Jefferson Professor: COURSE NAME: BUS 508: Contemporary Business STRAYER UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, DC October, 2012 Introduction The purpose of this project is to examine Entrepreneurial Leadership at Five Guys burgers and fries. According to Boones and Kurtz (2012), business can be defined as all profit-seeking activities and enterprises that provide goads and services necessary to n economic system. (pg. 5). Likewise, according to Boones and Kurtz ) 2012) , Entrepreneur is defined as a person who seeks a profitable opportunity and takes the necessary risks to set up and operate a business. Leadership, according to Boones and Kurtz (2012), is defined as the ability to direct or inspire people to attain certain goals. (Pg. 233). From these terms we will try to create a meaning for the terms Entrepreneurial Leadership. However, according the Fernald, Solomon and Trabishy (2005) , Entrepreneurial Leadership deals with concepts and ideas which are often related to problems that are not of an organizational nature. As a result, in the upcoming project, I will discuss how these factors, in relation to Five Guys Burgers and fries. How does Five Guy philosophy sets it apart from other fast-food chains? After evaluating the reading, I think Five Guys philosophy was to concentrate solely on food and serve freshly made food...
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...to be effective a. Depth of Knowledge b. Breadth of Knowledge 2. Work Complexity – ability to identify and resolve problems and the level of instruction needed to do so a. Problem Identification b. Problem Resolution c. Guidance 3. Autonomy – level of independence within role and responsibilities a. Supervision Received b. Judgment c. Work Review Required 4. Leadership – responsibility for a direct team or population a. Team Leadership b. Employee Leadership 5. Impact – level of criticality and visibility associated to employees role a. Impact of Decisions b. Scope of Impact 6. Interaction – employees reach within the organization a. Level of Interaction b. Nature of Interaction 7. Experience – technical skills, certifications, prior experience a. Experience Scale of Factors Degree 1 Degree 2 Degree 3 Degree 4 Degree 5 Depth of Knowledge Basic level of knowledge within area of specialty, is required. Limited use and/or application of basic principles, theories, and concepts. Demonstrates competence and working knowledge within area of specialty is required. Has mastered the basic job functions. May still be acquiring higher skill level. In-depth knowledge of area of specialty is required. Understanding and wide application of standards, principles, theories, concepts, and techniques. Strong and...
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...Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Trina J. Hill LDR 531 - Week 2 January 22, 2013 Dr. Devona Smith-Fink Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Management theorists Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed the situational leadership approach. This methodology supports the notion that there is not one leadership style more important or ideal than another. Rather, the leader must apply an adaptive manner by judging the impact of contextual information along the path of leadership processes. Military organizations have recognized the importance of the contextual factors involved in the situational leadership approach. The Situational Life Cycle Theory of Leadership The theory requires the leader to examine the maturity level of their subordinates and fuse the task-oriented and relations-oriented behavior. Leadership style is also emphasized; and a delicate balance with maturity and style materializes to successfully lead based on the situation. Hersey and Blanchard modeled four leadership styles: telling, selling, participating and delegating with four maturity levels: low, medium (low skills), medium (high skills), and high maturity. “Four degrees of maturity (quadrants M1-M4) are distinguished… segments of a continuum ranging from immature to mature” (Yukl, 2010 p 233). The cycle is progressive as relationships and behaviors are directed, coached, delegated and supported from leader to subordinate, as exhibited in the figure. A high-maturity...
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