...the human body one role is that it supports the immune system and helps it function. Another role protein plays in the body is your pH balance. The last role protein plays in your body is structure and and movement this helps your body get more energy and boosts your metabolism. All of the major organs in the Muscular are as follows. One of the major organs in the muscular system is the smooth muscle. Another major organ in the muscular system is the cardiac muscle which is only the heart. The last major organ in the muscular system is the skeletal muscles, in our body we have over 600 skeletal muscles in the average human. The function of the muscular system is to allows movement by relaxing and contracting the muscles. Another function the muscular system can do is Stabilize our joints for balance. The muscular system also maintains our posture. The last function of the muscular system is that it generates heat during activity....
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...the body. Skeletal system: Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body no more than a stone. Components of Human Skeleton Human skeleton is composed of three main components; Bones, Associated cartilages and Joints. Bones: Bone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton. Cartilages: Cartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts while cartilages are not. Joints: Joints are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A joint occurs between “two or more bones”, “bone and cartilage” and “cartilage and cartilage”. Divisions of Human Skeleton: Human skeleton can be divided into two divisions. Axial Skeleton: Axial skeleton forms the axis of human body. It consists...
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...gross structures of the main body systems and I would also be saying what the system is made out of with a diagram. Main body system • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous system • Respiratory system • Digestive System • Male Reproductive System • Female Reproductive system • Cardiovascular system • Urinary system • Endocrine system 1. Skeletal system The skeletal system is muscle that is connected to the skeletal to make a part of the mechanical system which moves the limbs and other parts of the body. The skeletal also relates the cartilages and joints of the human body which then creates the human skeleton. It is one of the main and important systems in the body. The joints are very important because they allow different types of movements at different locations to happen. However there are three components; • Bones • Cartilages • Joints Bones: Bones is a tough and frim form of connective tissue. It is the responsibility is to almost all strength of skeletal. Bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts Cartilages: The cartilage is a form of the connective tissue however it is not as tough and frim as the bone and the main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. This is because the bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts whereas cartilages are not. Joints: the joints are important components of the human body because they allow the body to move about, the joints...
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...the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles and takes up half of a person’s body weight .Each of these muscles is an organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. Humans have three types of muscle skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. Muscle types Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles because they work our internal organs. They are outside our control. Cardiac muscle is highly resistant to fatigue due to the presence of a large number of mitochondria, Voluntary muscles make the body move. They are attached to the skeleton and can be controlled. Voluntary muscles have fast twitch and slow twitch fibres. Fast twitch fibres contract quickly, but do not use oxygen well and tire quickly. Slow twitch fibres contract slowly, but use oxygen well and keep going for a long time. Top sprinters have more 'fast twitch' fibres. Endurance athletes tend to have more 'slow twitch' fibres. Each voluntary muscle is made up of muscle cells. These cells are fused together into fibres that run the entire length of the muscle. Two types of fibres, a thick fibre, known as myosin and a thin fibre, known as actin, work within a voluntary muscle. Smooth muscle is also sometimes known as involuntary muscle due to our inability to control its movement as it does not have the stripy appearance of skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is found...
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...the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store...
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...the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles and takes up half of a person’s body weight .Each of these muscles is an organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. Humans have three types of muscle skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. Muscle types Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles because they work our internal organs. They are outside our control. Cardiac muscle is highly resistant to fatigue due to the presence of a large number of mitochondria, Voluntary muscles make the body move. They are attached to the skeleton and can be controlled. Voluntary muscles have fast twitch and slow twitch fibres. Fast twitch fibres contract quickly, but do not use oxygen well and tire quickly. Slow twitch fibres contract slowly, but use oxygen well and keep going for a long time. Top sprinters have more 'fast twitch' fibres. Endurance athletes tend to have more 'slow twitch' fibres. Each voluntary muscle is made up of muscle cells. These cells are fused together into fibres that run the entire length of the muscle. Two types of fibres, a thick fibre, known as myosin and a thin fibre, known as actin, work within a voluntary muscle. Smooth muscle is also sometimes known as involuntary muscle due to our inability to control its movement as it does not have the stripy appearance of skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is found...
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...Introduction This essay will firstly outline the main anatomical features of the human body. Secondly, it will explain how the body systems interact with each other, to ensure the body functions and develops. References of relevant literature will be used throughout the whole essay. Principles of physiology Task 1 List all the systems of the human body and their functions. Explain how body systems interact to ensure proper functioning and growth of the human body. The human body main anatomical features are: * Central Nervous system The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and a network of nerves. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. This system has full control over all other systems. * Cardio Vascular/Circulatory system The cardio vascular system is a network made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins. This system moves blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body. It also gets rid of wastes that needs to be disposed of. * Respiratory system The respiratory system consists of the trachea, the lungs and the diaphragm. This system is where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide removed. This process is called breathing. * Digestive System The digestive system consists of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. This system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption...
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...UNIT 5 Part 1 – PHYSICAL PREPARATION NAME: Rohan Monsy (11024319) Unit 5 - Assessment and grading criteria | To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | To achieve a merit grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to: | To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to: | P1 describe a fitness assessment for each of the major components of fitness | M1 explain the results of the fitness assessment and measure against relevant public service entrance test | D1 evaluate results of the fitness assessment, analyse strengths and recommend improvements | P2 describe the structure and function of the muscular-skeletal,cardiovascular and respiratory systems | | | P3 undertake a fitness activity,record and identify the short-term effects of exerciseon the major human bodysystems | M2explain the short and long term effects of exerciseon the major human bodysystems | | P4 describe the lifestyle factors that can affect health | M3explain the effects ofidentified lifestyle factors onhealth and fitness, whenapplying for public service and long-term employment | D2Evaluate the effects ofidentified lifestyle factors onhealth and fitness, whenapplying for public service and long-term employment | P5 Provide lifestyle improvement strategies that can have a positive effect on health | M4Explain lifestyle improvement strategies to justify...
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...the anatomy and physiology of human body systems. Learners will be able to gain an overview of the organisation of the human body before looking at how body systems work together to provide energy for the body. Learners will have the opportunity to investigate how homeostatic mechanisms operate in the body. Unit introduction This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Learners will examine the homeostatic mechanisms involved in regulating these systems to maintain health. Learners will be given the opportunity to undertake practical activities which will require them to take measurements of the cardio-vascular system, the respiratory system and of body temperature, using noninvasive techniques to investigate normal responses to routine variations in body functioning. This unit provides the core understanding of human physiology that underpins the study of the specialist physiology units within this programme. The unit also provides an overview of body functioning that is valuable for anyone working or intending to work in a field relating to health and social care. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the organisation of the human body 2. Understand the functioning of the body systems associated with energy...
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...BIOL 2010 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. 2.10. 2.11. 2.12. 2.13. 2.14. 2.15. 2.16. 2.17. 2.18. 2.19. 2.20. 2.21. Describe the physical organization of the human body and explain how interaction between body components is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. Define the terms anatomy and physiology in reference to the human body. (LECT & LAB) Describe each of the following levels of organization of the human body: chemical, cellular, tissue, system, organism. (LECT & LAB) Identify the principal systems of the body. (LECT & LAB) Describe the standard anatomical position of the human body. (LECT & LAB) Compare common anatomical terms used to describe the various regions of the human body. (LECT & LAB) List by name and location the principal body cavities. (LECT & LAB) Define homeostasis and explain the effects of the lack of homeostasis on the body's function. (LECT & LAB) Describe the chemical level of organization of the human body. Describe the interrelationship of matter, elements, and atoms. (LECT) Identify by name and symbol the principal elements of the human body. (LECT) Diagram and label the structure of a typical atom. (LECT) Describe the function of electrons located in incomplete outer energy levels. (LECT) Define the terms isotope and radioisotope and give their functions. (LECT) Describe the three types of chemical bonding (ionic...
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...Muscular System The muscular system is made up muscles, joints, tendons, bones, ligaments and connective tissue that help to support the body’s internal organs. They work together to perform a variety of functions. These include; stability, posture, motion, heat, circulation and digestion within the body. Essentially the muscular system provides power for movement of all body parts. It is the muscles within our body which provide us with movement via contractions and without this vital system life would completely stop. Stability and posture Our skeletal muscles attach to our bones through tendons where bones act as levers. This causes our muscles to contract, relax, effectively it controls the bone. Muscles also provide strength for stability and posture by allowing the bones to align properly. If muscles are too tight or loose then this causes the bones to become misaligned which creates poor posture. Skeletal muscles can be stretched or strengthened to support the bone correctly, allowing maximal stability. Finally, skeletal muscles are also important for providing the body with balance and coordination which is also important because they aid fluid body movement for physical skill performance which is key when taking part in sport. Good balance and coordination also improves posture and prevents injury because you will have good postural responses to a stimulus e.g putting your hands in front of your face to protect yourself. http://www.childdevelopment.com.au/home/90 ...
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...Course Description: A fundamental study of the human body and its components, with emphasis on bones, muscles, and tissues. Required text: Illustrated Skeletal and Muscle Flash Cards by David Garrison McGraw-Hill, 1997 ISBN-13: 978-0070229167 Manual of Structural Kinesiology by Thompson and Floyd McGraw- Hill 2008, 18 edition revised ISBN-13: 978-0078022517 Classroom expectations: In order to do well in this class, you must be able to learn basic medical terminology, bony landmarks, proximal and distal attachments of major muscles, and the actions of muscles as they relate to physical activity. In order to do this, there will be a lot of memorization initially. As we move through the semester, you will be able to apply what you learn to more specific situations. As this is an applied anatomy class, it is important to be able to work with small groups in order to palpate structures on each other, move muscles through full ranges of motion, and consider how the body moves and works in everyday life. Through your small group interactions, you will be able to apply what you have memorized, and indeed start to learn the material. Class Outcomes: 1. Clinically apply appropriate anatomical terminology to describe body positions, regions, and motions. 2. Demonstrate a working knowledge of the physical properties of human bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and nerve tissues. 3. Identify and palpate...
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...ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY P2, P3 4/27/2015 Khadra Ali | P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components The human body is made up of millions of tiny cells that can only be seen under a microscope, cell also vary in shape and size. Cells are the basic structural of all living things. The human body is poised of trillions of cells. They give structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of them. Cells all have different sizes, shapes, and jobs to do. Each cell has a different function. The actual definition of cells is the smallest structural unit of the body that is capable of independent functioning, it consisting of one or more nuclei; it has a cytoplasm, and various organelles which are all surrounded by a cell membrane. There are four main parts to a cell; Plasma/Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus and Cell Organelles. Plasma/Cell membrane: The plasma/cell membrane is a phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer; the lipids are small fatty molecules in two layers (bi-layer) with larger protein molecules inserted at intervals partly or completely through the bi-layer. The lipid molecules are phospholipids, the two lipid chains are insoluble in water and the phosphate head is water soluble. The fluid which surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are watery environments next to the phosphate heads. Protein molecules create channels...
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...Exercise has countless effects on the human body and it plays an imperative role in one’s overall health and well-being. It provides numerous benefits for both the physical and psychological well-being. Exercise is something that can be done by individuals to help make them feel better overall. People exercise for many different reasons, for example: losing weight, defining muscle tone, or physical and/or psychological disease control and prevention. The most noticeable effect of exercise is weight loss. Daily physical exercise is ideal. However, for some people, two or three times a week can make a major difference over a period of time. Exercise alone does not necessarily translate into weight loss, as one must control what they are eating as well. Any time there is a physical burning of calories that is more than the calorie intake there will be a decrease of body fat. Once a person reaches their ideal weight, defining muscle tone is another great effect of exercise. Exercise makes muscles more proficient and more operational. High intensity exercise with only a few reps will produce strength, size, and power improvements, while low intensity exercise with many reps will produce endurance. The body’s metabolic rate is increased as its need for energy is increased, and the body becomes more resourceful. Muscle tone and muscle mass increase after the muscles tear and reconstruct themselves. In addition to improved muscle tone and muscle mass, there are other effects of...
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...UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN BODY NOTES Anatomical Position - Posterior = Back Anterior = Front Dorsal = Back Ventral = Front Medial = Middle Lateral = Side Superior = Above Inferior = Below Proximal = Near point of attachment / Beginning Distal = Away from point of attachment / end Cephalic = Head Caudal = Tail Anatomical Guides – Using a known anatomical structure or region identifying an underlying or adjacent structure. Linear Guide – Drawing a real or imaginary line to locate an anatomical structure. Anatomical Limits – Proximal and distal aspects of an Anatomical structure. Planes - imaginary divisions of the human body. Sagittal – Cut the body in half from Left Right Midsagittal – Equal part left right Parasagittal – Non-equal left right parts. Coronal – Dividing body from front back Transverse – Divides the body into superior and inferior Body Cavities - The human body consists of the following body cavities: Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity- enclosed by the Skull and contains the brain, eyes, and ears. Spinal canal - enclosed by the spine and contains the spinal cord. Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity enclosed by the ribcage and contains the lungs and heart. Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and pelvis and contains the Kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Pelvic cavity, enclosed by the pelvis and contains bladder, anus and reproductive system. Pelvic...
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