...Introduction to Philosophy, Dr. Verharen Fall 2009 What are the differences between the philosophies of sociology and psychology toward mental illness? Table of Contents I. Introduction P.1 II. What is Philosophy? P.2-14 i. An Introduction to Philosophyby George S. Fullerton ii. Principles of Philosophyby Rene Descartes iii. The Gift of Fire by Richard Mitchell iv. I and Thou by Martin Buber v. Philosophy: Who needs it? by Ayn Rand III. Sociology P.15-19 i. The philosophy of sociology ii. Sociology towards mental illness IV. Psychology P.20-23 ...
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...definitions of creativity due to the nature of it. According to Gomez in his article, What Do We Know About Creativity? He proposed that we can separate them in three basic categories; First the artistic creativity, focusing on being a creator and reflecting ‘’inner needs, perceptions and motivations’’. Second the scientific/technological creativity, more about environmental sustainability and innovations. Last the hybrid creativity found in fields for example architecture, which ‘’exhibits both a novel problem solution and the personality of the creator’’(32). Creativity is often misunderstood or misinterpreted when discussing its presence in modern society. People make the argument that 50-hour workweeks, and living life continuously on the hamster wheel, an average human doesn’t have time to be creative. This argument is further developed by referencing the current American public education system as aiding in undermining and undervaluing the creative process, and creative people. Similarly, other systems are guilty of the same behavior, for example low-status corporate jobs, the labor force, and even the military/police. However, these are jobs where creativity has little tangible value. Where is creativity valued? Obviously, in the expansive world of art and design creativity has become a judged commodity. Whether specifically through the art itself, or the market that is created around it: jobs, galleries and art schools. Creativity is also very present in the corporate world...
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...Stress can be defined or described as “the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure” www.nhs.org.uk (June 2012). Stress is one of the greatest causes of illness in our society today. Stress from a dictionary perspective is identical People have many different ways of reacting to stress, i.e. a manager in the work place may feel stressed when walking into an untidy environment. He or she may feel an immediate need to correct it whereas the untidy environment may motivate a different manager. Life as we know it is full inevitable stressful situations and events from as early on as a child in primary 7. Stress can have a major impact on an individual in terms of how they feel, how they think, how they behave towards others and also on the functioning of the body. An individual may feel anxious, irritable or even low in self-esteem. They may also find their mind and thoughts are doing overtime, find themselves worrying constantly and also studying thoughts in detail. How do we as individuals perceive stress? Do we have a stereotypical view that stress is always negative? When we think of stress we think “I can’t do this anymore, this is too much” or “I’m ready to pull my hair out”. These are common expressions and phrases that we as individuals associate with stress. Stress is not always a bad thing because some people thrive on it and even need it to get things done and achieve in life, it’s what gives us motivation and gets us out of bed in the morning...
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...subject of mental illness and crime appear to show a strong link between mental illness/abnormality and criminality. However, crime is neither a mental disorder nor is it necessarily evidence of such a disorder. The concept of crime and of mental illness should be kept separate and distinct. Crime is a violation of the criminal law, whereas mental illness refers to behaviour that is often marked by some defect of reason that interferes with an individual’s ability to test reality, and which is usually associtaed with stress, disability and an increased risk of suffering. While it is true that some crime can undoubtedly be explained by mental illness, to consider all crime as a manifestation of such an illness would eliminate any sensible boundaries to the concept of mental illness and would be an unrealistic overstatement of the relationship between mental illness and crime. Mental illness is linked with criminality only in a very complex and ill defined way and the behaviour of mentally ill offenders is rarely explicable purely because of their mental state. There are a number of observations that have been made that necessarily complicate the question of whether there is any causal link between mental illness and crime. Firstly, in many cases, it is impossible to determine when the mental illness may have started in the patient. For example, the mental illness may come about as a direct result of the traumatic experience of imprisonment and in such a case the illness would be...
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...Stress (psychology), an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well-being. The word stress means different things to different people. Some people define stress as events or situations that cause them to feel tension, pressure, or negative emotions such as anxiety and anger. Others view stress as the response to these situations. This response includes physiological changes-such as increased heart rate and muscle tension-as well as emotional and behavioral changes. However, most psychologists regard stress as a process involving a person's interpretation and response to a threatening event. Stress is a common thing we all experience. We may feel stress when we are very busy, have important deadlines to meet, or have too little time to finish all of our tasks. Often people experience stress because of problems at work or in social relationships, such as a poor evaluation by a supervisor or an argument with a friend. Some people may be particularly vulnerable to stress in situations involving the threat of failure or personal humiliation. Others have extreme fears of objects or things associated with physical threats-such as snakes, illness, storms, or flying in an airplane-and become stressed when they encounter or think about these perceived threats. Major life events, such as the death of a loved one, can cause severe stress. Stress can have both positive and negative...
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...The dominant biomedical ideology of positivist science based on the empirical evidence, sees health and illness as individual pathology, taken out of social and environmental determinants shaping health (Raphael, 2008, p. 224). 2. The public ideology of individualism isolates health issues as personal responsibilities as opposed...
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...Influences of Predictable and Unpredictable Life Events: Life events can change the direction of life affecting personal development. Major changes in life can either be predicted or even chosen, whilst others may be unpredicted and unwanted. Predictable life events such as starting school, puberty and retirement often mark a transition from one life stage to another, acting as milestones in our personal development. However, unpredictable life events such as sudden illness, redundancy, or divorce occur unexpectedly and are more often associated with loss, but also may lead to positive changes in life. Sudden changes in life is related to the risk of an individual to feel out of control and therefore stressed. If an individual chooses to leave home, marry or retire, they are in control of these major life events. The idea of predictable and unpredictable life events involves generalisation. For some individuals, issues such as divorce or redundancy may be predictable, but other people may not have of expected to neither be divorced nor lose their job. Predictable: Starting School Starting school is a government requirement and therefore is a predictable life event; however it can have an influence on an individual’s development. Physical development is associated with starting school as individuals start to participate in the subject of physical education (PE), which gives children the opportunity to boost their physical development, and allows them to run around and be...
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...STRESS MANAGEMENT CHAPTER OBJECTIVES: TO UNDERSTAND • The role of Stress in Employee Health • Extreme forms of Stress Reactions • Causes and symptoms of Stress • Organizational Effects of Stress • Actions that may Prevent or Reduce Stress • Different Counseling Functions • Three types of Counseling and Their Usefulness Coping with Stress People have many sources of stress: school, jobs, relationships, money (the lack of it), etc. Perhaps there is no more important topic than how one can handle or cope with stress. This module hopes to offer some practical advice on how to understand and manage one's stress. Some important questions to ask yourself prior to starting this unit are: • What are the main stresses in my life right now? • Are these stresses caused by people or things? • How have you attempted to manage these stresses? By avoiding them? By confronting them? • Using substances? • Have you ever given any thought to developing several, positive methods for stress management that could be effectively and safely used when the need arises? What is Stress? Stress is commonplace in the lives of college students. Learning to deal with stress means learning to understand what stress is, identifying common sources, and then practicing some method of stress reduction on a regular basis. Everyone has some method(s) for dealing with stress. Sometimes the methods we use for dealing with stress are productive: meditation, exercise, and listening...
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...proves that warmer climates are more favorable to the pursuit of happiness. The warmer months have distinct travel advantages. Snow and freezing rain commonly impede the progress of airliners, make roadways unsafe, and freezing temperatures can cause waterways to freeze over and become impassable. The warmer climates endure similar difficulties to travel, but they’re usually brief and require less strain on the resources exhaused to remedy said difficulties. This argument is not backed by statistical evidence, but by personal experiences of stress and frustration. Physical and mental health are much simpler to maintain during the warmer seasons. There is scientific evidence to support this position. It’s known commonly as Seasonal Affective Disorder, or S.A.D., which can result in depression (“Cold”). S.A.D. affects the amount of serotonin in the human body, an essential chemical for maintaining positive moods and regular sleeping habits (“Night”). Colder climates are also more prone to illness. Indeed, a visit to the doctor’s office during flu season is common. “Flu season,” according to a study documented by the National Institute of Health, is during the winter months, based on evidence that, “Influenza viruses coat themselves in fatty material that hardens and protects them in colder temperatures (“U.S.”).” However, there is little evidence available that summer...
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...to it, they should not be restricted in their access to a way of doing so. Much of the debate over whether assisted suicides should be legalized has to do with whether people have the right to die along with the right to live, whether or not people should have to suffer, the Hippocratic Oath that physicians have to abide by, and religious standpoints. Many of these arguments have an ethical grounding, and deal with the morality of the action of a suicide. Originally, assisted suicide was known as, or synonymous with euthanasia, which is the killing of a person out of and by a doctor’s mercy for that person. Many people tend to equate euthanasia with physician assisted suicide because both involve having the help of a physician. However, physician assisted suicide differs from euthanasia because it requires the patient’s consent and an evaluation of the patient before the patient is given a prescription for lethal drugs. The practice of an assisted suicide where it is currently legal, involves a patient who is terminally ill, and has received evaluation from two different physicians saying they have a terminal illness, being given a prescription for lethal drugs that the patient can take which, will end life functions for the patient. Physician assisted suicides first gained notoriety in the 90’s, after a physician named Jack Kevorkian, was seen on CNN’s 60 Minutes, administering a lethal drug to a patient who had...
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...The expression “I feel depressed” is used normally as a throwaway comment when we are feeling sad or miserable. Normally these feeling will pass us by, and we then continue with our everyday life without another thought. But what if these feeling didn’t disappear over time? What happens when these start to interfere with our everyday life? What if the enviorment around us is the major cause of depression? It’s not really hard to believe when you think about it as we are faced with mass unemployment, and a recession which can put heavy strain on even the most balanced of individuals and their interpersonal relationships around them. There are many interpersonal instances that can have the ability to lead to the onset of depression, such as the family environment, the socialization setting, and the discrimination against gender in certain cultures and instances. Depression has many brothers and sisters in the medical world, ranging from disorders such as Dysthymia, postnatal depression and in some extreme cases of depression such as Bio polar, and major depression (Unipolar). But no matter what the diagnosis is or how serious the depression is, depression is not trivial and is a real health condition contrary to what some people believe. It is not something that you can just snap out of and more importantly it is not a sign of weakness. For many people depression can affect them in different ways to other people with the same condition but normally the symptoms are similar...
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...between marriage of young adults and mental health. In other words, how marriage influence on mental health. Actually, some recent researches have been indicated that the marriage itself bears a mental health benefits, indeed the age at first marriage, life cycle and transition to adulthood are all the identical variables, which may describe the influence on mental health. Hence, this article was organized to test the main hypotheses, how the marriage confer mental health in accordance with different life course. The reason for studying this particular phenomena and interestingness of this issue is probably that this current issue has been rising and becoming popular in our modern days. Millions of examples of early marriages, high rate of divorce and abandoned children, amount of uneducated people, are all consequentially have an impact on mental health with what lot of young adults face with. In this study, the author is willing to answer the for several questions which might explain the causal relationship between marriage and mental health of young adult, beside this he classified young adults into different categories to analyze what sort of mental health outcomes would arise out of different group of adults. The questions, which are assigned to this study, are: a. What is the effect of marriage on mental health and other relationship circumstances? b. What kinds of effect does it carry? c. Is there differences among mental effects as result of first marriage age...
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...outdated idea that homosexuality is a mental illness/sin, and something that can be fixed. So far, nine states in America have banned the practice of conversion therapy for children under 18, however, that leaves 41 states that allow the torture of LGBT children. These states should follow their predecessors and enact legislation that bans this harmful practice for minors. Homosexuality is not a mental disorder. The American Psychology Association(APA) has clearly stated their position on homsexuality. The organization claims that “Research has found no inherent association between any of these sexual orientations and psychopathology. Both heterosexual behavior and homosexual behavior are normal aspects of human sexuality”. They go on to explain that despite the...
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...less affluent woman having access to only a few or none at all (Social Determinants of Health, Alan Davidson). It is appropriate to deem that the quality of an infant’s life is dependent on the resources accessible to the mother (Social Determinants of Health, Alan Davidson). This has directly influenced the choices Jimmy has made to result in his less than favourable current situation. This is because he did not have a good role model to repeat the importance of strong community bonds, perseverance through difficulties, and personal integrity in life. In Jimmy’s case, health care professionals should wish to provide support by offering psychological services and avenues for employment through Human Services community and government support service. His case is most fit for a social worker to provide specific support in all areas of his case. The presence of a career and a steady pay check could positively influence Jimmy’s behaviour and decrease emotional stress due to an increase in his ability to control his own situation. Temporary housing services is also available and government provided. This is a standby option only as optimally it would be better for Jimmy to get a job and feel empowerment as he sees he can support himself financially. As well, positive relationships in the form of friendships can be built in the workplace. Jimmy due to his challenging family conditions from abuse and/or neglect responds by preventing core attachments to develop, and fails to form meaningful...
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...psychoanalyze Leonardo DiCaprio’s character, Howard Hughes, in the film The Aviator. Extraordinary individuals such as Mr. Hughes are a vital reason why abnormal psychology is extensively studied. Whereas the majority of those suffering from mental illness may be in a lower class, physically disabled, or homeless, this essay provides an in-depth psychoanalysis of one the wealthiest people in the world during the early 1900’s. Howard Hughes has now emerged as one of the 20th century’s most iconic business and aviation figures spawning a wide range of cultural references. To date, Hughes’s persona has been used in over fourteen different films. The most popular of which, The Aviator, accurately depicts the progression...
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