...M1A1 : Research and Design Methodology 2 In order to understand human development one must observe how people change over time at different ages. In the logitudinal design participants or groups are studied over and over again at differetn times and chages are noted as they age. The observation time can very depending on information being gathered. Sometimes lasting short periods of time or years. One benefit of the logitudinal approach is that it would observe each persons performances over the specified time span, allowing to identify any patters or problems in development. Another benefit is that it allows participants to be studied at different ages. Some problems with the longitudinal approach are cohort effects, participants moving or dropping out of the study and participants change to a population that is no longer part of the study, often happening from becoming familiar with test questions and stradigies. In the cross-sectional design people are studied at different ages at the same time. For example if all of the patients at an orthopedic office were interviewed about diet and exercise, all patients were between the ages of two and sixty-four. As a result the practice could then develop a proactive approach to patient education and preventing future injuries that might be prevelant in certain age-related trends. There are problems with this sort of study as well. In the example above...
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...Classroom Observation Instruments Kelly Grand Canyon University 551: Supervision and Instructional Leadership Dr. Gary McDaniel July 31, 2013 Classroom Observation Instruments 1 As a principal, there are many challenges one may face. The challenges range from scheduling to disciplining students. However, one of the most demanding areas is the ability to provide effective instructional leadership. “Recent research shows that high-performing school districts actively seek to establish a clear expectation that the principal will be the instructional leader and the primary architect of instructional improvement at the school (Togneri & Anderson, 2003). Making sure that teaching materials are high- quality and readily available for teachers along with scheduling appropriate professional development are two roles of an instructional leader. In order for these to take place the principal needs to be aware of what is going on within the classrooms. Conducting classroom observations is key in guaranteeing the right tools are provided to teachers. An approach that has becoming increasing popular is the learning-walk or walk- through. When administrators complete a walk through, it gives them the opportunity to gather information about the classroom and help frame collaboration. “The walk-through can be defined as a brief structured, nonevaluative classroom observation by the principal that is followed by a conversation between the principal and the teacher...
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...During our pre observation conference, we discussed the performance of your class in based on literacy assessment. The assessment data reflected that most of your students know the letter names and some of the letter sounds. You also shared with me that the majority of students were to some extent familiarized with the reading strategies. We set expectations for the formal observation during the literacy bundle. We discussed the learning activities and small group instruction planned for the visit. On December 4th, I walked into your class to conduct the formal observation. Your class was sitting on the meeting area as you explained to them, “Today we are going to combine the two strategies. One is to observe the picture with owl’s eyes. The second is to make the beginning sound of the word by looking at the first letter.” Using the owl puppet you modeled how to observe the pictures in the story and tackling the tricky word. Grandma made a /dr/ and stopped. You modeled how to match the beginning sound of the /dr/ with the pictures for the page. You looked at the picture and began using the hat, machine… until you verify that dress beginning sounds is /dr/. In several occasions, the students were engaged in practicing the strategies and articulating how they were able to read the word with their partners. Students were able to use their native language to participate in the class discussion. After you confirmed that the majority of the students grasped...
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...Part C According to Anton Shone (2001), an event experience describes ‘an opportunity for leisure, social or cultural experience outside the normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience’. In order to describe the event’s experience, this quote is quite helpful. In terms of experience, an event should get the visitor out of everyday life. It should provide the participant a new and exciting world in order to create a unique experience. Coming to the event, it can be said that the escape out of the real world worked rather good. The event provided a lot of targets with which an exclusive experience could be formed. Coming to the actual event, the Groniger festival gave visitors the opportunity to experience many different things on many different places. The experience was formed due to the variety of happenings and the diversity of spectrums. People as well as our group could not have the chance to be bored or uninterested due to many the locations. As soon as something turned to be tedious, people changed to the next place. The event provided the chance to feel highly involved. The reason for this was the interaction with the audience. In comparison to other happenings like this, the ‘Nach van kunst en weterschap’ gave people the chance to actively try things, experiment with science and art and be involved as an individual. To give an example for this, a group of scientists offered the opportunity to create and see your own DNA. You had to wash your mouth with salt...
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...people and different experiences. When this happens, the opportunity becomes available to observe his or her surroundings. I wanted to do the observation experiment at a place I find to be very interesting, it was a Tattoo Shop. This was a place that I felt was on the same standers as a mall and it was also a place that I visited and thought that it would be interesting to observe the people in my surroundings. At the tattoo shop, people of all walks of life come for different personal reasons. Some people came to get a tattoo because they lost a love one and wanted to honor his or her memory. Some came to get a tattoo because he or she loved the art, and some people were there just to support some one else. As I sat in my chair doing this observation, I listen to a young lady who came to the Shop with her friend. She stated that she was there to get a sleeve done on her arm. If you are unfamiliar with what a sleeve is, it is when a person gets a tattoo that goes from the shoulder area down to the wrist area of the arm. This young lady was there getting something that she felt meant something to her. She was getting a picture of a clock with the saying “Only Time Will Tell” drawn on her arm. As I listen to her talk with her friend I could see the sadness in her eyes as she tried to joke with her party. After she was serviced, the picture on her arm was beautiful. The Tattoo Artist really out did himself with her drawing. As she walked out, many stopped to compliment her on her...
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...There are many different ways in which a child’s development can be monitored. Monitoring how children behave and watching what they do and the way they do it is really important. Observations may be formal or informal. A formal observation is one that is planned ahead and has a specific purpose and helps assess children’s development. Informal observations are when an adult may observe a child doing many small things during the day/year. Observations can be in the form of checklists, tick charts, written records/snapshot observations, time and event samples. Feeding back information from observations to the teacher is important as it means that a clear picture can be made of the child’s development needs and progress. Information can be shared with parents, carers and outside agencies so that they can work together to help any child that might need...
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...In this practicum experience I visited the classrooms of both a veteran teacher and a novice teacher. During the classroom observation, an observation form was checked off that examined the planning and preparing of the lesson, the classroom environment, and the delivery of the instruction to the students. After the observation, focus on the differences in their instructional behaviors, quality of their instructional practices, and how they executed teaching techniques to accommodate the diversity within their classroom. First teacher observed was Mr. Wright; he is a second year health and physical education within the school district. The following checklist will give you a look into Mr. Wright’s health class. CAMELOT SCHOOLS CLASSROOM OBSERVATION School: Camden City Accelerated Date: January 30, 2014 Teacher/Class: Mr. Wright; Health Observed Time: 12:40 – 1:10 Domain I – Planning and Preparation Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Demonstrates knowledge of core curriculum and student development X Lesson plans current and available X Uses materials, resources and technology to make subject matter accessible to all students X Teachers plan for student assessment is fully aligned with the instructional outcomes X Domain II – Environment Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Unacceptable Not Observed Creates an environment...
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...that is available in the classroom. Laboratory exercises on your CD may not be updated. * Save your Lab 1 Answer Form in the following format: LastName_Lab1 (e.g., Smith_Lab1). * Submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Table 1: Water Quality vs. Fish Population Dissolved Oxygen | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | Number of Fish Observed | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 1? One pattern I observe was in the number of increments. ie….0,1,1,4,4,3,3,4,4,5. The increments would stay the same between for two observation periods with the exception of the 1st and last observation period. 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. If the amount of dissolved oxygen increases in water then the amount of fish will also increase. 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? My experimental approach to test my hypothesis would be to measure the dissolved oxygen in different areas of a body of water and keep track of the fish in those areas. Then I would compare the results. 4. What are the independent and dependent variables? Dissolved oxygen would be independent variable while fish would be dependent. 5. What would be...
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...participant observation in their research. (16 marks) A participant observation refers to when the researcher joins in with group he or she is studying. This method is usually favoured by interpretivists as they can understand the meaning behind the behaviour of the group they observe. By putting themselves in the shoes of the participants they can understand why people act in certain ways. This could be particularly helpful in understanding behaviour which is very removed from our normal lives, for example gang behaviour. There are two types of observation, covert and overt. In a covert observation the participants do not know you are observing them for research. In overt observations the participants do. An advantage of participant observations is that they are valid. What people say they do in a questionnaire and what they actually do in real life are not always same thing. By contrast, by observing people we can obtain rich qualitative data that provides a picture of how they really live. Supporters of participant observation such as interpretivists argue that this is the methods main strength and most of its other advantages are linked to this. However a disadvantage of participant observation is practical issues. For example it is very time consuming because it can take years. The researcher also needs to be trained so they are able to recognise aspects of the situation which are sociologically significant and worth further attention. Participant observations can be very...
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...Title: Pond Microorganisms Lab Observation: Different types of organisms live in different ecosystems. Question (Problem): What types of microorganisms are found in pond water in a North Carolina pond? Hypothesis: If samples from a pond ecosystem are examined under a microscope, then ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Materials: (List the materials used in this experiment here.) Procedure: 1. Collect a few drops of water from the bottom of your water sample using an eye dropper. 2. Place a drop on the center of the microscope slide. 3. Cover the slide with a cover slip by lowering the cover slip at an angle over the water drop in a manner that spreads out the water drop, but does not trap air bubbles. 4. Observe the prepared slide under the microscope. 5. Use the picture ID sheet to identify the organisms observed. 6. Draw a picture in a data table of each organism observed. 7. Write the name of the organism under the picture, if the organism can be identified. 8. Describe each organism using qualitative (adjectives) and quantitative (measurements and counts) terms. 9. Repeat steps 1 to 8 until enough organisms are found. Results: (Describe what you observed. List the different types of organisms found and how many of each type of organism was found. Write a description of each organism (step 8).) Hint: A data table with a title and...
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...I chose to do my child observation at a local school, Lemme Elementary. It was on October 20th right after school ended at the after school program. The child I observed was named Scarlett, she is 5 years old and in Kindergarten. She has nothing atypical and is a great learner. She is very respectful, and loves to color. She is very shy and reserved, but when asked to do something she listens very well. Scarlett is very adventurous in her art and is eager to learn new things in the classroom. Scarlett chose to draw a picture of her mom, playing on the playground with her friends, and a watermelon. She said she always draws pictures of her mom, because she loves her. The playground was where she gets to have fun during school with her friends....
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...theory on observational learning (learning by observing behavior) is the single most important form of learning. He argues that people learn most of their behavior through observation and only a little through direct contact. The reason for this is the complexity of most behavior, and that this can’t be learned through verbal instructions. This essay will focus on the principles of observational learning, highlight the strength and weaknesses, and also how observational learning can promote positive intergroup relations on campus at the University of Stellenbosch. Observation is a common learning tool and many, if not most do it unconsciously. The term modeling is used to describe this. This is when an observer observes the behavior of a model and then repeats the behavior. There are a few factors that influence this observational learning. They are the nature of the modeled behavior, the characteristics of the model, the characteristics of the observer, the result of the models behavior and the self-efficacy perception of the observer. The nature of the modeled behavior refers to the actual behavior. The situation in which the behavior takes place and if it is new or old behavior. New behavior attracts more attention than old behavior. The characteristics of the model plays an important role in observation learning. This includes age, sex, race and status. A model with high status is more likely to be imitated. The observer’s characteristics also play a major role in learning...
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...The simplest form of direct observation is a brief narrative account of a specific incident called an anecdotal record. Often an anecdotal record is used to develop an understanding of a child’s behavior. Anecdotal records do not require charts or special settings. They can be recorded in any setting and require no special training. All you need is paper and a writing tool to record what happened in a factual, objective manner. The observation is open-ended, continuing until everything is witnessed. It is like a short story in that it has a beginning, middle, and end. The process of recording the incident requires a careful eye and quick pencil to capture all of the details. You will need to note who was involved, what happened, when it happened, and where it occurred. It needs to be done promptly and accurately. Figure 3-5 shows the contents of an anecdotal record. When you use the narrative form of observation, your eyes and ears act like a video camera. You will be recording pictures of children playing, learning, and interacting. During your observations, you will record how children communicate, both verbally and nonverbally. You will record how they look and what they do. Physical gestures and movements should be noted. You will also detail children’s interactions with people and materials. Record as many details as possible. Anecdotal Records Must Be Objective During the observation process, it is important to...
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...Textbook Picture: The Preschool Child The ages between 3 and 6 are often called the preschool years. During this period, a child develops in these main areas: physical development, cognitive development, language development, social development, and motor development. A child grows taller and loses the chubbiness of the toddler period in these years. Gross and fine motor skills become more developed and refined as each year passes as manifested by participation in running, skipping, and drawing pictures. Language develops rapidly, and the child may know thousands of words and is able to construct rather complicated sentences by the end of this period. The major tasks of the preschool child include preparation to enter school, the development of a cooperative-type play, control of body functions, acceptance of separation, and increase in communication skills, memory, and attention span (Leifer, 2003, p. 422). Erikson’s preschool stage involves the development of initiative (Leifer, 2003, p. 436). He believed that a preschool child learns assertiveness and can manipulate the environment. Kohlberg’s theory concerning preschoolers refers to the moral development and the beginning awareness of needs of others (Leifer, 2003, p. 436). He stated that a preschool child believes that rules are absolute, and breaking rules result in punishment. The Five-Year-Old: Nutrition and Piaget’s theory in relation to nutrition • Picky eater; likes finger...
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...describe through your reflection of how the school promotes partnership and dialogue. You’re Map For this process, go through the following steps: | | |observation Report on Interaction | | | |Name: Langga, Neljun S. Year / Course: BSED-III | |School Observed: SND Integrated School___________________________ | |Grade level: First year____________________ Section: A | |Subject Observed: English | | | |Observations: | | | |Student-to-student Interaction Patterns:...
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