...the study of our bureaucracies. Yet by all definitions public administration in the beginning of the 2000s still lacks the sense of identity that other fields of the social sciences has long since obtained. In other words, the Have you looked outside lately at the world of government and administration? Have you noticed a strange scent in the air indicating the arrival of a new spirit in the public sector? Some people say it is already here. Others say we have only witnessed the edge of the change. Yet by all definitions public administration at the beginning of the 2000s is looking for its way forward. Today, it is already much different from what it used to be forty, thirty, and even twenty or ten years ago. In the coming years it is going to be even more different. field is looking back and down into its individuality, searching for orientations and signs that can direct it on its way forward. Today, public administration is already very different from what it used to be forty, thirty, and even twenty or ten years ago. In the coming years it is going to be even more different. This paper is all about contemporary transformations in public administration and about possible developments...
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...Statement of the Issue Providing appropriate access to affordable healthcare has been an ongoing challenge for the United States’ health system. The U.S. Census Bureau report noted approximately 49 million Americans did not have healthcare coverage in 2011. Moving forward, coverage options are expected to improve for some given the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2011. While the PPACA was originally expected to extend coverage to approximately 32 million uninsured through individual mandates, the creation of state health insurance exchanges with public subsidized coverage and expansion of Medicaid, the Supreme Court decision that Medicaid expansion is a state option will likely reduce the number of newly covered individuals. Even as healthcare reform decreases the number of uninsured and defines mandated benefits, the problem of access to affordable care will be exacerbated by limited community-based resources that provide preventive services, primary care access and ongoing care for patients with chronic conditions. In response, there will be a need to increase capacity to serve more patients, while improving outcomes, reducing health disparities and becoming more efficient—all within the context of significant challenges to receiving adequate payment levels. Healthcare executives are committed to facilitating in the effort to enroll individuals in emerging coverage options and expanding needed services to help ensure access to affordable care...
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...Demographic Shifts and Their Policy Implications Changing Patterns: Since the 1960s, the structure of the average American family has become increasingly unstable as a result of major demographic changes. Marriage rates have fallen over the last few decades while divorce rates have remained high. At the same time, the percent of non-marital births in the U.S. has risen steadily, from approximately 5% in 1960 to 41% in 2011. In addition to this instability, family structures are becoming increasingly complex as rising numbers of single parents pursue new partners and have more children. Importance: The potential negative impacts of these shifting demographic patterns upon the well-being of children are of particular concern to policy makers. Surveys indicate that children living in single parent households are more likely to live in poverty than children living in married households. According to the 2010 Current Population Survey (CPS), only 9% of married-couple families with children lived in poverty while 41% of single-mother families with children did so. Children born to unmarried parents also experience greater instability and complexity in family structure as a result of the shifting relationships of a parent. Over 30% of children born into single-parent households experienced 3 or more partnership transitions by a parent. Policy Implications: Strong correlations between parental marital-status and child well-being seem to encourage policies aimed at increasing...
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...doors for a new era in the international relations history, the era of globalization. New actors, new events, new issues being securitized and new approaches of international relations, particularly of International Security Studies came out in this period. With this set of new affairs, the concepts of Human Security and Human Rights gained relevance in the international security and international norms field. And because those terms are still contested among both the academics and the States’ decision-makers, there is a need for us to understand what they really mean. The purpose of the present essay is to bring forward the differences between Human Security and Human Rights, regarding the fact that they are very similar and complementary, and also to understand the implications that the emphasis in the concept of Human Security have for the States foreign policy and for the international order and justice. The essay is composed by an introduction, a main body where we develop the answers for the research questions, a conclusion and finally the references. 2. The Prominence of the Concept Human Rights in International Relations 3.1. Human Security different from Human Rights? Despite the fact that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1948, due the debate raised because of the Holocaust, the WWII and many others factors, it is known that Human Rights gained more emphasis in the post-Cold War period, when the emergence of new wars (no...
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...TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS Reverse Logistics in the Supply Chain a report by James R Stock Professor of Marketing and Logistics, University of South Florida James R Stock is a professor of Marketing and Logistics at the University of South Florida, Tampa. He is the author or co-author of more than 90 publications in the area of logistics. His specialities are in the areas of reverse logistics and the marketing-logistics interface. Currently, Dr Stock serves as Editor of the International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management and is a frequent speaker and consultant on reverse logistics and other logistics topics throughout North America, Europe and Africa. In evaluating the importance of logistics within supply chains, many published ‘lists’ of logistics attributes have reverse logistics rated relatively low in importance. Such ratings are, however, misleading. Product quality, competitive prices, consistent order cycle times, ontime deliveries and low damage rates have traditionally been very important, and will continue to be so in the future. Today, they are the ‘price of admission’ to the competitive arena. Many competitors have reached parity on many of these important logistics attributes and they have become standard offerings of these companies and basic requirements of customers. Organisations not meeting standards on these attributes are usually not even considered in purchasing and/or outsourcing decisions. When a firm achieves acceptable...
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...Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues In the simulation CadMex faced many challenges when setting up and operating internationally in a country where customs, culture, and laws are different from stateside. Organizations must make decisions on which countries legal system will apply to disputes and how they are resolved. It also must consider the implications of legal action against their foreign partner or government. Failure to address these issues before signing an agreement could result in conflicts and loss of revenue. An organization must evaluate how it can resolve legal disputes in international transactions before it makes a contract final. Issues on location, the current government, legal system, and enforcement should play a role in the decision to go forward. If legal action is required an organization must consider how their actions will affect their relationship with their foreign partner, how it will be perceived by the host country, and will the cost and time of legal action outweigh the loss that influenced the action. In the simulation CadMex had to make a decision in regard to sublicensing their medication. Legal action was one of their options; however, this would have strained their relations and forced their business partner into bankruptcy. The foreign government authority may have rejected the sublicensing agreement because of time and availability of the needed drug. CadMex looked for a solution that satisfied all parties...
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...Regionalism versus Multilateralism Taking one step back to take two steps forward One would be hard-pressed to a find a country in the world today which is not a member of a regional agreement. In fact, most countries are members of numerous such agreements. Regionalism, multilateralism, globalization and interdependence are all phrases that are heard and used often. The problem, then, is not the recognition of these issues, but rather reaching some form of consensus on what their implications will be. In recent years, the growth of regional trade agreements has been one of the most significant developments in international relations, and the impact of these agreements on the multilateral trading system as well as on the economic and political relationships between countries, is a topic on which both economists and policymakers are divided. The available literature on this subject is overwhelming, with authors that include Paul Krugman, Alan Winters and Jagdish Bhagwati. This paper will provide a brief overview of the different stages of regional integration, examples of such regional agreements, and the basic elements of each type of regional agreement. Thereafter, I will give my own opinion on the rise of regionalism and the global implications this phenomena holds. Table 1: Stages of economic integration, their basic elements and examples of agreements Stages of Economic Integration Basic elements & examples of agreements Basic elements and examples of agreements ...
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...J. Account. Public Policy 27 (2008) 455–461 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect J. Account. Public Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaccpubpol On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system q Salvador Carmona *, Marco Trombetta IE Business School, Calle Pinar, 15-1B, 28006 Madrid, Spain a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The widespread acceptance of International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) makes it timely to examine their technical determinants as well as their implications for the accounting profession and the process of accounting harmonization. In this respect, we suggest that the principles-based approach to the standards and its inner flexibility enables the application of IAS/IFRS to countries with diverse accounting traditions and varying institutional conditions. Furthermore, the principles-based approach involves major changes in the expertise held by accountants and, hence, in their educational background, training programs, and in the organizational and business models of accounting firms. Finally, we submit that the standards set by the IAS/IFRS constitute a step forward in the process of accounting harmonization, although there is still far to go in the comparability of accounting measures across countries and regions. Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Globalization Accounting harmonization...
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...States. Narcissus Denim currently fabricates its denim jeans in the USA, with only some of the materials coming from China. The cost of raw materials and manufacturing domestically have become too expensive, so Narcissus needs look outside of the USA. Narcissus is aware of other creators of designer apparel that have gotten bad press for using the “Made in the USA” label because the brands only make a portion each piece of their apparel in the USA. The purpose of this memorandum is to examine the possibility of bringing to the USA neighbor by working with “Maquiladora”, the Spanish word for manufacturer, in Mexico. Aspects of US law, international legal implications, as well as the ethical implications of moving this portion of the company to Mexico are the primary focus areas of research. Domestic Legal and Ethical Implications: Narcissus Denim was founded and gained success because of the quality of the product, in great part because the apparel is “made in the USA”. In order to create a portion of the product in Mexico and keep the “made in the USA” label, Narcissus Denim must ensure at least a portion of jeans be manufactured in the United States. The Federal Trade Commission is the governing body and requires certain standards be met. These standards are also monitored by the commission, “The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is charged with preventing deception and unfairness in the marketplace. The FTC Act gives the Commission the power to bring law enforcement...
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...CATERING FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN THE REGULAR CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD FUANDAI, Cornelius M. PhD, FCAI Faculty of Education Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022 Keffi Nasarawa State e-mail:- corneyfuan@yahoo.com Abstract The National Policy on Education specifically stipulates that there is need for equality of educational opportunities to all Nigerian children irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities (FNG 2004). The policy further states that Education of children with special needs shall be free at all levels and all necessary facilities that would ensure easy access to education shall be provided via inclusive education or integration of special class and units into ordinary/public classes under the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. These policy statements appear lofty but their attainment under the present situation seems to be a mirage. Already, about seven million Nigerian children of school going age are out of the school system. Besides most of the public schools are overcrowded and over populated with little or no attention paid to the special child. Furthermore, there are not enough qualified personnel and instructional materials in the school system. The implication of this state of affairs in children with special needs is not adequately catered for. Worst still, most of the children with special needs are not identified early enough let alone intervention and remedial programmes arranged for...
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...There are several business models how Microfinance institution (MFI) operates. Generally speaking, MFI provides micro loans or insurance to the poor to spur their self-reliant entrepreneurs. On one hand, micro loans give the low-income people an opportunity to discover full potential for developing their own business and to bring home the bacon. On the other hand, micro insurance helps the poor manage variety risks, such as health risk and property risks, and sustain the business development. How the micro insurance works is revealed in the path to restoration after severe storm hitting Haiti in June 2011. Fonkoze, the largest MFI in Haiti, collaborated with the Microinsurance Catastrophe Risk Organization (MiCRO) to provide natural disaster insurance coverage to its clients after heavy rainfall which caused damage in Haiti. The insurance helped the borrowers to pay back the outstanding debt, have access to another loan to rebuild their lives, and receive small compensation for loss of property. This example demonstrates the positive influence on viability of micro finance products to support a sustainable economic growth in developing countries. According to the 2009 MFI benchmarks provided by Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX)1, Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region has the largest FMIs number as well as yield on gross portfolio among four continents. (Figure 1) Even though microfinance has its long history, which can be traced back to the 1970s, and the...
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...Occupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications Occupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications The Occupy Wall Street Movement that started in September 2011 in Liberty Square in the Finical District was movement organized by people to expose corruptions in cooperate America. The Occupy Wall Street Movement was known, as the peaceful protest due to it’s non-violent, non-aggressive nature and spread to over a one hundred and fifty cities cross the United Sates. Moral and ethical implications are the essentially what is right or wrong This paper looks at the moral and ethical implications related to the movement and uses some common ethical theories to determine which applies best to the issues surrounding the movement. The Occupy Wall Street Movement began in Zuccotti Park in New York City. Being that the park was private police did not have the right to kick the group of protesters out. The pretest was the people’s reaction to cooperate greed, social inequality, and the power of big business over the democratic process. Their slogan was heard across America, “we are the 99 percent.” They believed that one percent of the population; the banks, the mortgage industry and large corporations were controlling all of the countries wealth and preventing the ninety nine percent from prospering (The Occupy Wall Street Movement, 2012). Thousands of people organized across the United States in major cites and college campuses...
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...-FORMAT- Guidelines for Writing an Action Research Project The basic steps 1. Review your current practice 2. Identify an aspect that you want investigate 3. Collect and Organize data 4. Interpret data and imagine a solution or a way forward 5. Try it out and take stock of what happened 6. Monitor what you do 7. Review and evaluate the modified action The Contents: The Manuscript will include the following items: (Cover Page Title information, name, date) Table of contents (list the items with appropriate page numbers) Introduction: Objectives -Clearly describe the purpose of the study and its significance - Introduce factors that initially prompted you to ask this question. How did the idea Originate? -Describe how answering the question might improve your practice. Related Literature Review: -Identify the aspects of your research question. -Introduce the main theories that allow you to discuss your project. -Define the basic terminology and concepts related to discuss your project. -Summary of the state of the art presents the Literature for each part of the question Methodology and work plan: -detail and justify the method and the work plan you put forward. The Study: The Context (Provide a brief description of your site) -Clearly describe the chosen setting (Classroom, school etc.) Include all pertinent information available. -Situate the question in the context...
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...status and their security and protection as a whole. However, those three categories fall only into the economic dimension. The three dimensions that supply chain leaders are supposed to consider when trying to improve overall sustainability are environmental, ethical, and economic. 2. The marketing and supply chain risks related to high product complexity consist of a higher total cost, lost sales, lowered ability to change or innovate, higher quality and reliability problems, less ability for adequate forecasting, and more extensive training for customer support. The benefits of high product complexity consist of increased revenue which may improve profitability and asset utilization. 3. Firms should always be adhering to public policy changes related to environmental initiatives because essentially one of the largest contributors to company sustainability is environmental compatibility. However, a company that is trying to minimalize cost could only follow the minimal requirement of certain environmental aspects such as recycling in certain places in the world. This factor alone could save companies expenses. 4. The roles that logistics and supply chain management should take to ensure the following of safety regulations are the ability to have credentials available and an organize transportation of the products to ensure an quick and efficient evaluation undergoing security screenings. 5. Taxes in specific parts of the nation or world could intimidate firms...
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...1 INTRODUCTION PROTON BEHARD is a Malaysian car manufacturing company that was established by the government in 1983. The objective behind the creation of the car company was to aid the attainment of the country’s goal of becoming an industrialized nation through a fortified car manufacturing industries. The country also had the intention of acquiring improved technology and industrial skills through the new manufacturing field which in turn is believed will fortify the status of Malaysia as an industrial Nation Vision The vision of proton is stated thus “to become Asia’s premier automotive brand; a brand that connects with people and provides products which become life companions”. This will be achieved through; • Ensure quality as the Number One work ethics in all operations • Establish an effective and efficient Quality System based on the requirements of ISO9001:2008 standards • Provide adequate skills and knowledge to all levels of personnel through systematic and structured training programmes • Provide a culture and environment of continuous learning, improvement and innovation towards total quality excellence • Provide a conducive, safe and healthy working environment in which people like to work and prosper. 1.1 Performance and challenges For twenty five years Proton has provided Malaysians with a number of award winning models and presently they have the largest factory in the South East Asia region with respectable statute. The company which has grown...
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