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Problem Background

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Problem Background The Freedom from Debt Coalition (FDC-Iloilo) has released an alarming report which shows that consumers in Iloilo City located in Region VI - Western Visayas, in the Central Philippines, are charged with the most expensive electricity rates. Panay Electric Company, the city’s lone power distributor and services at least 53,000 households, commercial establishments and offices in this city. Moreover, the Freedom from Debt Coalition (FDC-Iloilo) also revealed that Iloilo City is not only the highest in terms of electricity rates in the country, but surprisingly, also in the world. (Iloilo City has the most expensive electricity in the country, world, 2010)
With this problem, there is already existing solutions. The “Renewable Energy Act of 2008” was established. It is an act promoting the development, utilization and commercialization of renewable energy (RE) resources. There are many viable reasons and premise to put this on consideration; one is to reduce the dependence of Philippines in fossil fuels. The aim is to invigorate the exploration of renewable energy such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and hybrid systems among others. We are encouraged to apply these systems as well as institutionalize in order to prevent harmful emissions, pollution, and global warming in the environment. The Act of 2008 allows us to establish infrastructures that will support the main purpose of the said goals. There are alternative renewable sources of energy available in the market that could alleviate energy expenditures and one of these alternative sources is solar energy through installation solar panels.
The site Energy Matters asserts that Solar power technology is not a new advent; in fact, it dates back to the mid 1800s to the industrial revolution where solar energy plants were developed to heat water which created steam to drive machinery.
To ensure the country’s energy security over the long term, the substantial installation of solar panels on rooftops of households, commercial establishments and buildings is of a great help. According to Theresa Cruz-Capellan, one of the founders of the Philippine Solar Power Alliance (PSPA), even if only 10 percent of about half a million new residential projects that are going on stream every year can be convinced to put solar panels on their rooftops would be a big help to both the distribution utilities and power generation companies. She added that it would also help reduce the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels. Further as said by her, to produce a kilowatt of solar power from these rooftop panels, one would need to invest about $4,500 for the actual components and installation works. This investment can be recovered in about seven years but the solar panels usually last for at least 25 years, (Remo, 2012) According to Thomas Chrometzka, head of international affairs of Germany’s Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.V., rooftop solar panels could be a viable solution for the Philippines given its high solar irradiation level. The Philippines is said to have solar irradiation of 1,900 kilowatts a square meter. (Remo, 2012) A recent study made by an independent Filipino group has concluded that up to a billion pesos on electricity savings can be generated, even if just 10% of Metro Manila residences would opt in for solar energy. Stressing the Philippine climate, solar is said to be the best renewable energy that fits in the country. Accessing in solar power marks a great difference in both personal and global aspects. Aside from providing practical and efficient solutions to the scarcity of energy, solar power efficiently lower power expenditure, resulting in a lower electricity bill. Through independent power source, commercial firms and businesses can create more opportunities for expansion because of lower maintenance bills. Moreover, simply by tapping to solar panels lets you do your part on saving the planet. A s compared to other forms of energy sources, solar power is pure in form and has no sort of emission at all.
A recent study made by an independent Filipino group has concluded that up to a billion pesos on electricity savings can be generated, even if just 10% of Metro Manila residences would opt in for solar energy.
Stressing the Philippine climate, solar is said to be the best renewable energy that fits in the country. Accessing in solar power marks a great difference in both personal and global aspects. Aside from providing practical and efficient solutions to the scarcity of energy, solar power efficiently lower power expenditure, resulting in a lower electricity bill. Through independent power source, commercial firms and businesses can create more opportunities for expansion because of lower maintenance bills. Moreover, simply by tapping to solar panels lets you do your part on saving the planet. As compared to other forms of energy sources, solar power is pure in form and has no sort of emission at all.
There are already rural areas that rely on solar energy generated from solar panels. For instance, People in Pangan-an Island, Cebu, Philippines, enjoy 24-hour electricity service from a centralized Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system donated by the Kingdom of Belgium. This power plant consists of 504 PV panels, a battery bank with 118 storage batteries, a charge controller, and 2 inverters made in Germany. The solar power plant has been operating since December 1998, supplying 230 Volt (V) Alternating Current (AC) electricity to around 200 households. The Pangan-an residents use electricity for lighting, radio and TV sets. However, there are several issues connected to its use. Solar comes with limitations, however, most notably the poor efficiency of PV modules, which is further reduced by the need to convert DC from solar cells into AC current. Moreover, solar is weather dependent and intermittent, requiring storage or back-up systems to supplement during times of weak generation. (Baclay, 2006)

Management Problem
Are Iloilo City households willing to adapt solar panels as an alternative energy source?

Research Problem / Objectives * Determine the attitude of Ilonggo consumers towards solar panels.
The study aims to determine the respondents’ attitudes towards attributes associated with solar panels as a power source. Specifically, it aims to:
1. Determine respondents’ attitude towards safety.
2. Determine respondents’ attitude towards environment friendliness.
3. Determine respondents’ attitude towards sufficiency of power supply.
4. Determine respondents’ attitude towards price or installation cost.
5. Determine respondents’ attitude towards maintenance cost and sustainability. * Determine Ilonggo consumers’ perception towards solar panels.
Theoretical Framework

Hypotheses
1. There is no significant association between consumers’ attitude towards organic mangoes’ safety when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
2. There is no significant association between consumers’ attitude towards organic mangoes’ environment friendliness when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
3. There is no significant association between consumers’ attitude towards organic mangoes’ certification when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
4. There is no significant association between consumers’ attitude towards organic mangoes’ taste when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
5. There is no significant association between consumers’ attitude towards organic mangoes’ less health risk to farmers when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
6. There is no significant association in consumers’ awareness of organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
7. There is no significant association in the consumption of organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
8. There is no significant association in consumers’ reasons for buying organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
9. There is no significant association in the ways consumers eat organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
10. There is no significant association in the frequency of consumption of organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
11. There is no significant association in the places where consumers buy organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.
12. There is no significant association consumers’ willingness to pay for organic mangoes when respondents are grouped according to civil status, monthly household income, or highest educational attainment.

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