...BARRIERS CONFRONTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA BY YEOSUF .A. ABDULRASAQ BEING A SEMINAL PAPER PRESENTED AT 3RD ANNUAL NATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE OF SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA. NASARAWA STATE BETWEEN 21ST AND 23RD APRIL, 2010. ABSTRACT This paper identified the barriers confronting the growth and development of SMIs in Nigeria. An analysis of 150 SMIs, using chi-square technique and percentages, indicates that formal barriers and informal barriers form the most significant barriers for SMI businesses. The environmental barriers were secondary in significance. The government should provided enabling environment for the SMI to grow and develop such as good road, electricity supply, good provision of funds at low interest rate, Reduction in tax and finally, the SMI. Operators should form a support networks among themselves, in term of needs. INTRODUCTION Small and medium Industries (SMIs) have been widely acknowledge as a major divers of economic growth. In most of the developed country, SMIs accounted for 90% of all business enterprises. In china, SMIs are said to be responsible for about 60 percent of the industrial output and employed about 75 percent of the workforce in the urban centres. In spite of all the efforts and support of the succeeding administrations and governments to the developments of SMIs in Nigeria, the SMIs have not played the expected...
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...Sustainable Profitability: Myth or Reality? ‘To all the children, yet unborn’ (Hart, 2010, p. v) this sentence shows the audience for whom not only the book by Hart but sustainability issues as a whole are meant. Commercials about acid rain, pollution, etcetera often grab our attention and all of them have one common message: if we do not act now, our children will bear the costs. On the other hand most people today grew up in a world that glorifies capitalism, profitability and shareholder value. This raises the question on whether or not it is possible to combine these two. Can one actually combine being a profit-driven company whilst being sustainable? In order to investigate this issue the sustainable value framework as developed by Hart (2010, p. 88) which will tackle pollution prevention, product stewardship, clean technologies and lastly the Bottom of the Pyramid (hereafter, BoP). This essay will argue that it is possible for profit-driven companies to pursue a sustainability strategy. Firstly, pollution prevention will lead to cost reductions. Within the US alone, programs stimulating this issue have already saved ‘hundreds of millions of dollars over the past decade’ (Hart, 2010, p.99). Well publicized campaigns by world leadings firms such as DuPont, 3M and the like have served as examples of how pollution prevention has led to increasing cost saving ranging up to 500 million dollars (Hart, 2010, p. 89). Russo and Fouts (1997, p. 538) argue and empirically validate...
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...Measuring Profitability Pusat laba diukur kinerjanya berdasarkan profit yg diperoleh mereka. Ada dua jenis pengukuran profitabilitas untuk mengevaluasi mereka. Yg pertama pengukuran kinerja manajemen,ini pengukurannya bisa dibilang kualitatif,ga ada unsur kuantitatif biasa digunakan buat perencanaan,pengkoordinasian,dan pengendalian untuk memberikan motivasi kepada manajer di pusat laba tsb. Yg kedua ada kinerja ekonomis,nah ini udah masuk banyaka spek kuantitatif didalemnya,biasanya berupa laporan keuangan. Dari kedua pengukuran kinerja tsb ukurannya berbeda,bisa saling berkebalikan antar keduanya,kinerja manajemen mungkin aja bagus tp disisi lain kinerja ekonomisnya ga bagus. (Inget yg dijelasin di MA ama pak Anta,ketidakselarasan antara tujuan manajer dengan perusahaan). Ada beberapa cara untuk mengukur kinerja ekonomis,apakah baik atau tidak. Yg pertama pake contribution margin,nah kalo pake CM ngitungnya itu caranya dengan mengurangi antara pendapatan dengan variable cost,kenapa mereka mengabaikan fixed cost? Karena mereka menganggap kalo fixed cost itu suatu beban yg uncontrollable,jd mereka merasa ga punya respinsibilities atas beban tsb,padahal kalo di liat lebih jauh,fixed cost itu hampir semuanya controllable (liat di bagian discretionary cost). Yg kedua ada direct profit,laba langsung. Jd yg gw tangkep disini,laba itu dihitung dengan membandingkan pendapatan dengan semua biaya 'langsung' yg ditanggung pusat laba tersebut,biaya yg bener2 terjadi di pusat laba itu...
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...Economics Department of Accounting and Finance Research Proposal “The Impact of Asset Liability Management on Banks Profitability: A Comparative Study on Ethiopian Commercial Banks” Prepared by: Samson Abate ID No. GSE/1482/08 Submitted to: Samuel Kifle(Phd.) In Partial fulfilment of Business Research Methods Course January, 2016 Abstract Banks’ profitability is of utmost concern in modern economy. Banks are in a business to receive deposits or liabilities and to issue debt securities on the one hand and create or invest in assets on the other hand. Commercial Banks incur costs for their liabilities and earn income from their assets. Thus profitability of banks is directly affected by management of their assets and liabilities. In addition, different market and macroeconomic factors also influence the ability of the banks to make profits. The asset and liability base of banks in developing countries are narrower than their counterparts in developed countries. This study examines how asset and liability management together with external variables such as degree of market concentration and inflation rate impact the profitability of selected commercial banks in Ethiopia. Although impact of the management of banks’ asset and liability on their profitability has been studied by a number of researchers, the issue of banks’ profitability in Ethiopia has received scant attention from the researchers. This study is an attempt to close this gap, to bring the issues...
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...Cost Allocation and Profitability at Hers Realtors Property Management In the property management business, empty units are lost money. Not only are they lost revenue, they have associated costs with them such as taxes, electricity, and yard upkeep. An empty unit represents a direct allocated cost for that unit. Per customer profitability increases with long term renters. When a renter vacates a property it will sit empty for a minimum of one month or more. Turnaround on units varies and with each passing month the costs allocated to that unit increase. In addition, there are the costs of obtaining a new renter, such as advertising and administrative costs. A unit that sits empty for more months out of the year than it is rented represents a loss position at the end of the year, rather than a revenue generating asset. The longer a unit sits empty, the lower the return on the investment and the lower the performance on the asset. Long term renters are preferable because it increases the overall demand for the units. Keeping tenants happy is the key to customer retention. The goal is to get them to sign another lease term. In the property management business this means responding promptly to service calls, enforcing noise ordinances, and attending to the overall upkeep of the units. When renters are happy, they are more likely to renew their lease when the term is up. They are also more likely to refer others who are looking for housing, building a close knit community of...
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...discourage the unprofitable customers which those that are price shopping and looking for discounts and promotions and comparing prices to Walmart. Best Buy studies demographic and sales data for each store location to identify profitable and unprofitable customers. Customer profitabilty analysis idetifies customer service activities and cost drivers and determines the profitability of each customer or customer group. Here, customer service include all activities to complete the sale and satisfy the customer including advertising, sales calls, delivery, billing, collection, service calls, inquiries and other forms of customer service. Customer profitability analysis allow managers to: * Identify most profitable customers * Manage each customer’s cost-to-serve * Introduce profitable new products and services * Discontinue unprofitable products, services or customers * Shift a costomer’s purchase mix toward higher-margin products and service lines * Offer discounts to gain more volume with low costs-to-serve customers * Choose types of after-sale services to provide How to calculate Customer Profitability Analysis * The first step of CPA is to create a simple model of revenue by customer on the one hand, and total business unit costs and overheads on the other. * Second, subtract the direct product and...
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...| A brief look at one of the 10 best investment banks- Goldman Sachs | | Submitted ToHumayan Kabir Course Teacher Merchant and Investment Banking Course code: FNB 308 Submitted ByShadman Sakib (Student ID: 1264) Md. Fahad Bhuiyan (Student ID: 1271) Edward Francis Gomes (Student ID: 1290) Md. Shariful Alam (Student ID:1287) Rezaul Karim (Student ID:1643) | Dhaka, BangladeshJune 23, 2012 | AssignmentDepartment of Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Savar, Dhaka | Introduction The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Goldman Sachs) is global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. Goldman Sachs reports activities in four segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending and Investment Management. As of December 2011, it had offices in over 30 countries, including office in financial centers worldwide. Mission Goldman Sachs Group use Business Principles rather than a Mission Statement: 1. Our clients' interests always come first. Our experience shows that if we serve our clients well, our own success will follow. 2. Our assets are our people, capital and reputation. If any of these is ever diminished, the last is the most difficult to restore. We are dedicated to complying fully with the letter and spirit of the laws...
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...Managing profitability requires not only a customer-centric focus but also a thorough understanding and effective management of customer profitability. Customer profitability management (CPM) is a strategy-linked approach to identifying the relative profitability of different customers or customer segments in order to devise strategies that add value to most-profitable customers, make less-profitable customers more profitable, stop or reduce the erosion of profit by unprofitable customers, or otherwise focus on long-term customer profitability. Businesses often employ two systems to make sure business processes run efficiently, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. A CRM system deals with managing valuable customer data and enriching it through interactions with marketing and customer support. An ERP system generally handles customer information that is required once orders have been placed. Both CRM and ERP systems independently offer substantial benefits to businesses. Once both systems are integrated it will allow for connectivity between the two, providing even more advantages to businesses. With CRM and ERP integration, organizations can focus more on driving new business and less on the hassles of trying to make data available. Customer profitability analysis attempts to analyze, manage, and improve customer profitability. Activity based costing (ABC) has created a framework for companies to examine more...
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...BUSINESS BUILDER 7 HOW TO ANALYZE PROFITABILITY zions business resource center 2 how to analyze profitability Although pride of ownership and career satisfaction are healthy goals, generating profit is the most likely reason you started your business. This guide introduces you to several methods for analyzing your company’s operations and calculating the profitability of your business. What You Should Know Before Getting Started Profitability Ratios • Gross Profit Margin • Operating Profit Margin Ratio • Net Profit Margin Ratio • Other Common Size Ratios 3 4 6 7 7 7 Break-Even Analysis • What is Break-Even Analysis? • Break-Even Analysis for Sales • Using Break-Even Analysis for Profit Planning • Break-Even Analysis for Units Sold 9 9 9 11 12 Calculating Return on Assets and Return on Investment • Return on Assets • Return on Investment 13 13 14 Checklist Resources 15 16 how to analyze profitability 3 what to expect Many entrepreneurs start their business, at least in part, because of pride of ownership and the satisfaction that comes from being their own boss. In addition, of course, you almost certainly started your business to generate profits. This Business Builder will introduce you to several methods that will help you analyze your company’s operations and compute the profitability of your business. Among the tools to which you will be introduced are profitability ratios, break-even analysis, return on assets and return...
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...Follow the report format Talk about profitability, liquidity and efficiency using the respective ratios for all three. Compare ratios across the years. Divide essay into three parts 1. Profitability then talk about all the profitability ratios like ROI, profit margin etc for each of the ratio to the spot the trend (across three years) 2. Liquidity and 3. Efficiency - state how it’s doing cross sectional across industry Compare the current year to industry average. - If it’s better than industry average suggests reasons why they're a strong suit in their field. If lower suggest what their limitations are. - What they could do to improve E.g. if its average collection period is worse than industry average. Should say this company should exercise stricter policies in dealing with trade creditors. Or incentivize them with better credit-terms and discounts. Suggest if the profitability efficiency and liquidity is improving and getting worse. - If better suggest that it indicates that the company is taking measures to improve themselves and suggest how they’ve done it. - If it’s getting worse say that the company should really focus on improving it and how. Needs to know how the numbers are derived. - like EPS have to say its net income over no of shares and the improvement - Suggest that they are better at controlling working capital or managing expenses or they’ve improved sales. Essentially, maximising equity value per...
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...`çêéçê~íÉ=pçÅá~ä=oÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó=áå= íÜÉ=eçíÉä=fåÇìëíêó=Ó=^=`êçëë= `ìäíìê~ä=mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= qÉêÉë~=kçêÇ Miljö och hållbart företagande Magisteruppsats 2006:4 Centrum för tvärvetenskaplig miljöforskning Vår välfärd bygger på att samspelet mellan människa, samhälle och natur fungerar. Forskning om hur samhället vårdar basen för sin välfärd, och når hållbar utveckling, kräver kunskap från flera områden. Därför finns Centrum för tvärvetenskaplig miljöforskning, CTM. CTM är ett fristående centrum vid Stockholms universitet som verkar för samarbete över fakultetsgränserna. Vi samarbetar med alla institutioner vid Stockholms universitet som bedriver miljörelaterad forskning. CTM utvecklar tvärvetenskapliga utbildningar, samordnar större forskningsprojekt och informerar omvärlden om universitetets miljöforskning. Centrum för tvärvetenskaplig miljöforskning hette tidigare Centrum för naturresurs- och miljöforskning, CNM, och har funnits vid Stockholms universitet sedan 1990. Hemsida: www.ctm.su.se STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY Centre for Transdisciplinary Environmental Research Sustainable Enterprising Master’s Thesis (20p) CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY: A CROSS CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE TERESA NORD Academic Advisor: Hans Rämö Stockholm University School of Business Master’s Thesis (20p), Fall 2006, Stockholm University ABSTRACT Attention to business ethics in varying environmental, economic and cultural contexts has become increasingly important as...
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...The relationship between the following variables and the banking profitability will be equally verified even if these variables are not the main of this thesis. vi. There is a relationship between liquidity and bank profitability vii. There is a relationship between bank size and bank profitability viii. There is a relationship between bank ownership and bank profitability ix. There is a relationship between loans to assets ratio and bank profitability x. There is a relationship between loans to deposits and bank profitability xi. There is an influence of macro-economic factors (inflation and G.D.P) on banking performance What is the correlation between banking profitability and its determinants? What are the main determinants of the banking...
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...CITY INSTITUTIONS REPORT Smithfield Market – City Institution Report Smithfield Market: Yesteryears For over 800 years, the London Central markets, more commonly known as Smithfield which is owned by the City Corporation, has been the oldest and largest wholesale market not only in the UK but also in Europe where meat has been traded. With a thousand year history, it is one of the great medieval markets in the City of London that still lasts on its original site. Once upon a time a “smooth field” market existed in the shadow of the old Roman city walls as a vast recreational area which was used for jousting and also as a place of execution during the Reformation. Then in the late Middle Ages, it became a famous weekly livestock and cattle market due to its access to grazing and water. It was described in 1174 as ‘a smooth field where every Friday there is a celebrated rendezvous of fine horses to be sold, and in another quarter are placed vendible of the peasant, swine with their deep flanks, and cows and oxen of immense bulk’ [2] . During this time, London’s population continued to expand rapidly and the market got to operate more often according to citizens’ demand so it opened most days a week. Hence, after 1725, the livestock’ size of the market had been grown significantly since animals were driven from all over the country to Smithfield such as sheep from Lincoln and the West Country or cattle from Scotland etc.. By 1800, as a result of the growth of population...
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...The world automobile industry has experienced low profitability during the past two decades. What features of the industry have caused intensive competition and low profitability? Value of a product To run an industry, or more specifically, a company operating within an industry, it is a must to gain profits over the products. Profits keep the company’s expenses going while leaving enough on the table to meet the future demands. Until and unless the company receives profits on its products, it cannot invest in further endeavors and would probably start falling backwards. The path towards growth and expansion would become rocky and impossible to cross by the company. Hence, the end result would be the company to wind-up its activities or get sold to someone who can make better use of the company. Profits start coming in with products that prove valuable to the customers. Value of a product is determined by the customer’s approach towards a product. A product that the customer is willing to spend his money on thinking that it will solve his problem, or would be helpful in solving the problem. When a customer believes in a product to be helpful for him, he willingly agrees to pay more than the costs incurred in the manufacturing, or production of the product. But value does not directly counts as a profit for the company that is manufacturing the product. The superfluous of value over the cost incurred in the manufacturing of the product gets divided among the consumers and...
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...The Positive Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability: A Balanced Replication Stanley F. Slater UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, BOTHELL John C. Narver UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE Narver and Slater’s (1990) finding of a positive relationship between market orientation and business profitability is retested in a broad sample of product and service businesses operating in a variety of industries. The assessment of the extent of market orientation is provided by the chief marketing officer, and profitability is assessed by the general manager, thus avoiding the problem of common respondent bias. The analysis of the influence of culture on business performance is extended by including a measure of entrepreneurial orientation in the study. The influence of a market orientation on business profitability is then compared with that of an entrepreneurial orientation. The regression coefficient for market orientation (.662) is higher in this replication than in the original study (.501), and the pairwise correlation coefficient for the relationship between market orientation and profitability is very similar in both studies (.362 and .345, respectively). No relationship is found between entrepreneurial orientation and business profitability. Thus, by drawing a sample from a more diverse population, avoiding the common respondent bias problem, and comparing the effect of a market orientation to that of an entrepreneurial orientation, the findings from this balanced replication...
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