...This paper will describe what sickle cell anemia is, how it effects the human body; as well as the oral cavity. Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin, which causes the red blood cells to have low oxygen levels (National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute, 2015). Sickle cell anemia is inherited only if both parents have the disorder because it is caused by the genetic abnormality of hemoglobin (webMD, 2015). When there is abnormal hemoglobin it can produce sickle hemoglobin (webMD, 2015). This causes the red blood cells to stick together and create long rod shaped red blood cells when oxygen leaves the cell (webMD, 2015). When this happens it causes the symptoms of sickle cell anemia (webMD, 2015). In people...
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...An Alternative anticoagulant for Hematologic Analysis, Leaf Extract of Jatropha gossypifolia (Tuba-Tuba). A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the College of Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science By: Cagandahan, John Paul M. Carizon, Jay Niño P. Estillore, Michael-Andrew B. Resonable, Bryan H. Sasaki, Sen M. Veloso, Jerome A. July 26, 2013 Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction The majority of the products for medical purposes are made from chemicals that harm the environment. Many medical researchers are modifying medical products that are natural in origin and one of them is anticoagulants. In the laboratory the most widely used anticoagulant is the EDTA, ammonium-potassium oxalate (Heller and Paul double oxalate) and Heparin. Most anticoagulants can alter cell structure as well as coagulation and hereby affects the result of the laboratory analysis. There are certain plants that have anticoagulant properties and one of these plants is Jatropha gossypifolia or Tuba-Tuba, this plant is found widely in the Philippines and was shown in some previous studies its leaf extract has an anticoagulant property and has been used as an anticoagulant, because of this property this plant is a potential...
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...There are many blood disorders that affect the lives of many people. Some are genetic while others are the consequences of disease and poor diet. There are three different blood disorders that stem from theses causes: sickle cell anemia, thrombocytopenia, and iron deficiency anemia. Each of these blood disorders are diagnosed, treated, and have different prevention methods. Sickle cell anemia causes normal round red blood cells to become crescent shaped. Normal red blood cells can easily move throughout the body’s blood vessels and supply the body with the adequate amount of oxygen enriched blood. But crescent or sickle shaped red blood cells often get stuck in the blood vessels blocking the vessels and causing the stop of oxygen from getting to the bodies organs, tissue, muscle, and bones. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an inherited genetic trait by both of the parents of the affected child. If the child only inherits the sickle cell gene from one parent then the child is said to have the trait but not the disease. However, the child that has only the trait is considered a carrier of the disease and can pass the gene to his or her children. Most people are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia when they are born by having a simple blood test that most hospitals require at birth. Antibiotics are the first course of treatment and it is given to children between the ages of two months to five years of age. Parents are also encouraged to have their children’s routine childhood immunizations...
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...Sickle Cell Disorder Research Paper Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. It is the most common genetic disease in the U.S. An estimated 70,000-80,000 Americans have sickle cell disease. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What is sickle cell trait? A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children How do you get sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot "catch" it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell "trait"), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are: 1. Hemoglobin...
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...Quality of Red Blood Cells Isolated from Umbilical Cord Blood Stored at Room Temperature Mariia Zhurova, 1 John Akabutu, 2 and Jason Acker 3 ,* Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ► ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Red blood cells (RBCs) from cord blood contain fetal hemoglobin that is predominant in newborns and, therefore, may be more appropriate for neonatal transfusions than currently transfused adult RBCs. Post-collection, cord blood can be stored at room temperature for several days before it is processed for stem cells isolation, with little known about how these conditions affect currently discarded RBCs. The present study examined the effect of the duration cord blood spent at room temperature and other cord blood characteristics on cord RBC quality. RBCs were tested immediately after their isolation from cord blood using a broad panel of quality assays. No significant decrease in cord RBC quality was observed during the first 65 hours of storage at room temperature. The ratio of cord blood to anticoagulant was associated with RBC quality and needs to be optimized in future. This knowledge will assist in future development of cord RBC transfusion product. Go to: ------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Fetal and neonatal anemias are among the most serious complications of pregnancy and postnatal development. The causes of fetal anemia include immune haemolytic disease [1],...
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...1 Personal Impact Paper on Sickle Cell Disease Glenda Kessen NUR427 9/8/14 Amy Highland 2 Sickles Cell Anemia is a chronic, serious red blood cell disorder that is lifelong. "It is the most common genetic disease in the United States." (Guyatt, GH 2007). Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is inherited and results in a decrease of the ability of red blood cells to carry much-needed oxygen through the body. The cells become clogged, due to their crescent shape, which keeps them from delivering oxygen. This can cause unbearable pain, damage to the body organs, and even death. The frequency of the pain episodes can range from several a year to multiple times a day. SCD is caused by hemoglobin S, which is an abnormal type of hemoglobin. When the cells are exposed to low oxygen levels, the Hemoglobin S changes the shape of the red blood cells. Red blood cells are made of marrow that is located inside the large bones of the body. The bone marrow is constantly making new red blood cells to replace the old cells. The life of the normal red blood cell life is about 120 days. Their purpose is to carry oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product, from the body. Sickle-shaped cells die about ten to twenty days that prevents the bone marrow from making new red blood cells. Ethnicity plays a part in SCD, with African Americans more likely to be affected. Both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait which is passed on to the child. The child will inherit...
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...Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease has been discovered for several hundred years. The first case reported in America was by Dr. James Herrick with a 20-year-old student patient from West Indies (Desai, 2004). The prevalence of this disease in the United State is around 1 in 5,000. Most patients are descendents of Sub-Saharan Africans. Every 1 out of 500 African Americans is born with this disease. Sickle cell is caused by hemoglobin S – an abnormal type of hemoglobin. This hemoglobin is a protein that carrying oxygen inside the red blood cells. However, hemoglobin S is abnormal and can change the shape of the red blood cell to a crescent- or sickle-like shape. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and can move easily through blood vessels. The normal red blood cells’ function is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body (“What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?”). Sickle-shaped red blood cells, on the other hand, are stiff and sticky; they move very slowly and difficultly through the blood vessels. These troubled cells can cause pain, infection and organ damages because they cannot perform the basic functions as do by the normal red blood cells (“What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?”). Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disease inherited from parents. However, only both parents with sickle cell genes can produce a child with sickle cell disease. A sickle cell disease patient must inherited two sickle cell genes from each parent. A person has only one sickle cell gene...
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...Anemia, is a condition which the body has less red blood cells as required (Killip 671). Anemia also occurs if the red blood cells does not have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin helps the red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to the other parts of the body. It is protein in nature and rich in iron. When one is suffering from anemia the cells in their body might not receive enough supply of oxygen. The most common symptom of anemia is fatigue (Killip 671). This is because the body organs may not be getting enough of what they need to function properly. There are over 400 different types of anemia but are divided into three groups due to their causes. There is anemia caused due to blood loss, there is anemia caused by faulty or decreased red blood cells production and there is anemia caused by the destruction of the red blood cells (Killip 671). All of these anemia`s have different causes and treatment. There are some anemia that are considered normal like the anemia that develops during pregnancy, though some different types can cause lifelong health problems (Killip 671). The most common type of anemia is the iron deficiency anemia. This is a disease which can be treated with diet changes and iron supplements (Killip 671). Iron deficiency anemia in many cases occurs to a person who has lower than the required or normal red blood cells in their blood (Leung et al 376). Cases that can contribute to a person having less red blood cells count include viral infection, age and some...
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...The molecular bases of most blood groups have been determined over the last two decades. This has been of assistance in developing of DNA based methods that are used in determining blood group genotype. Inherited blood group antigens have been described on human red cells surface. They were revealed by detecting of antigen specific anti bodies, which are mostly found in human serum. Very few of these blood group antigens are actually polymorphic in the world. This means that they have alternate alleles at great levels that can be maintained by a mutation that has to be recurrent. A few of the polymorphic antigens stimulate antibodies of clinical significance. This one happens by causing transfusion reactions or...
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...Sickle cell anemia(SCD) is an inherited genetic disorder which causes the expression of defective hemoglobin on chromosome 11 resulting irregularly shaped red blood cells also known as “sickle cells” because they look like a sickle or are in a crescent shape. The normal red blood cells are round, smooth and deliver oxygen to cells throughout the body but a cluster of sickle shaped cells blocks the blood flow, causing painful attacks and sometimes stroke. Due to their different shape and chemistry, they are controlled by many free radical processes. This paper will talk about the frequency this disease, inheritance pattern, genetic changes, current research and/or efforts to develop vaccine, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell anemia....
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...* What Is a Blood Disorder? Bottom of Form Blood disorders are physical conditions that prevent the normal function of blood in the body. A disorder may involve factors that interfere with the production of the individual components found in the blood, such as hemoglobin or blood proteins. The nature of a blood disorder may also include situations where the blood does not coagulate properly, or the blood cells themselves are malformed or infected. There is a wide range of blood diseases known today. Anemia is one of the more common examples of a blood disorder. Sometimes referred to as tired blood, a person who is anemic is likely to have a lack of proteins and other elements in the blood. As a result, the blood cannot carry the needed nutrients to various parts of the body and the individual is likely to feel fatigued more often. Over time, anemia can also have a negative impact on the emotions, as the blood is unable to supply proper nutrition to the brain for the production of chemicals that help to maintain an even mood. Sickle cell anemia is one of the more serious types of anemic blood disorder. In addition to fatigue, a person suffering with this disorder is also likely to experience a great deal of pain. The pain may be localized in one part of the body or migrate to different areas throughout the course of the day. Ad Hemophilia is another relatively common blood disorder. Hemophiliacs suffer with a condition in which the blood lacks the normal ability to coagulate...
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...Sickle Cell Disease Charlie Wilson HHC/220 March 13, 2014 Mark Perry Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell anemia or SCD is a condition that is inherited genetically by abnormal, red blood cells (erythrocytes) that has a form of sickle-shape. According to the Sickle Cell Society (2005), the beginning stage of this disease can begin as early as four months of age but are more common between one and two years of age. Symptoms while in childhood stage to adulthood consist of the following: * Breathlessness * Fatigue * Paleness * Painful aches throughout the body. * Swelling of feet and hands. * If you’re a male with this disease, you can experience painful erections. ( http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/midorcas/animalphysiology/websites/2005/Eppolifo/into.htm) Sickle cell can cause strokes in children as young as eight years of age. An individual who inherits this disease usually has a life span up to the middle 40’s. (SCDAA, 2005) PERI Model Utilization Sickle cell is a disease that is lifelong and inherited. This disease affects millions of individuals around the globe. Sickle cell is inherited from other family members that are carrying the sickle cell trait without having the disease itself. Most individuals who genetically inherited sickle cell has both parents with the gene or if one parent has the gene and the other do not, the child is likely to receive the sickle cell trait. The disease is very serious when the red blood cells form into a...
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...SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN B Gibson SOC313 Social Implications of Medical Issues Instructor: Betsey Morthland July 23, 2012 SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN Living with pain. What is sickle cell disease? Are you a carrier or do you have sickle cell disease? We will look at what is sickle cell disease and how do you know if you are a carrier. How many people have sickle cell disease, what challenges they face personally and socially? Are there programs to help people with sickle cell disease deal with pain management? This is just a peek at sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of the red blood cells. If you have sickle cell disease you have an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease contains mostly hemoglobin*s. Blood cells become sickle and crescent shape, which causes them to have trouble passing through small round blood vessels. “When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can each that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease.” (Florida Transition Project) There are several types of sickle cell disease – (SS) Sickle Cell Anemia, (SC) Sickle Hemoglobin C Disease, Sickle Beta-Plus, and Sickle Betz-Zero Thalassemia. Sickle Cell trait (AS) is an inherited condition and this condition is not sickle cell disease. People that have the trait are normally healthy and they are only carriers...
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...“Routine ABO and RH Typing: An Introduction”, Phillip Levine and R.E. Stetson were the first scientists to discover the rhesus blood groups in 1939. Soon after their amazing discovery, Karl Landsteiner and A.S. Weiner discovered the ABO blood typing system in the late 1940’s, which ultimately lead to discovery of the Rh differences. Several medical studies and journals have concluded that the father is the basis of all fetal blood typing. The problem arises when the father’s blood type is positive and the mother’s blood type is negative, thus causes a condition called Rhesus (RH) Incompatibility or the RH Incompatibility Disease. (Mark-Maris) Women who receive proper treatment and testing during their first prenatal visit and subsequent visits can avoid most complications in their pregnancy, including the Rhesus Incompatibility. John M Bowman of the Canadian Medical Association states “the condition was first described as a medical problem in pregnancies in 1609, during the birth of a set of twins by a French midwife. The first twin had a severe case of Rh Incompatibility, now known as severe hydropic disease and was stillborn, and the second twin presented a severe form of jaundiced, which is caused by a breakdown of red blood cells appearing as a yellowish discoloration of the skin and subsequently died.” Erythrocyte surface antigens of the red blood cell were similar to that of the Rhesus monkeys, thus the disease was named after the monkeys in...
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