...Alexander Welch Personal Value & Ethics Professor Sandra White September 22, 2015 Week 5 On this day in the US, around thirty people will be killed with a gun, not including suicides. Many more will be wounded. I can safely predict this number because that is the average number of homicides committed with a gun in the US each day. Such killings have become so routine that they are barely noticed even in the local news. Only when a significant number of people are murdered, particularly when they include children or are killed randomly, is the event considered newsworthy. Yet efforts to regulate the possession of guns in the US are consistently defeated. The case for gun rights rests primarily on two claims, one about facts, the other about moral principle. The claim about fact is that members of society as a whole are safer when more of them have guns, since potential aggressors are likelier to be deterred the more reasonable it is for them to believe that their potential victim is armed. The claim about principle is that each person has a right of self-defense and that this right entails a further right not to be deprived of, or prevented from having, the most effective means of self-defense. These claims are independent. Most of those who assert them think the second would be true even if the first were false. Advocates of gun rights usually defend the claim about fact by appealing to statistics for example, those that suggest that when a city...
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...rfJOURNAL 1: The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0957-8234.htm JEA 41,1 The ethics of zero tolerance Kevin Gorman Sylvania Northview High School, Sylvania Public Schools, Sylvania, Ohio, USA, and 24 Patrick Pauken Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA Received May 2002 Revised September 2002 Accepted October 2002 Keywords Decision making, Ethics, Violence, Schools, Discipline, Legislation Abstract “Zero tolerance” has become the international “buzz word” of the secondary building administrator. As school violence has increased so have the legislative and regulatory policymaking mandates c a l l i n g for increased disciplinary consequences for inappropriate stud ent behavior. Ethical problem-solving and decision-making have taken a back seat to reactive discipline by school officials. Media publicity has forced proactive principals to become reactive impulsive decision-makers. In this article, Starratt’s three-part model for ethical school administration – encompassing the ethics of critique, justice, and care – is applied to a fictional scenario and the ethical dilemma that evolves. Recommendations for practice are offered in a proposed resolution of the dilemma within the context of a central conclusion: if the school administrator of the twenty- first century is to...
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...parties involved, were not in line with giving the case a fair chance to be heard without the manipulation of outside influences. The rights of individuals exist because they can justify behavior and also places limitations on behavior (Williams & Arrigo, 2012). The rogue behavior continued on throughout the film because there was no real checks and balances to their behavior. Even when the judge ordered for the jury to be sequestered, the manipulation of the jurors continued. The rights we value play a critical role in the consideration of moral behavior, as well as how one responds to controversial legal, social and political issues (Williams & Arrigo, 2012). Gun control in the movie and in real life remains a hot topic issue, especially after tragedy strikes. Therefore, what we value personal...
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...attitudes, beliefs, customs, and formal/informal rules that exist in the firm’s corporate culture (Northouse, 2013). This can be shown in how a company conducts its business, how it treats its employees, and how it treats its customers. These factors greatly affect how productive and efficient an organization is and how it is viewed by the employees. This helps leaders to have a better understanding of how and why employees behave in accordance with the culture and towards objectives assigned by management. Every firm or organization has a different and unique culture that is ever changing. It is important for leaders to identify the culture so that they can help to mold and form it to the most productive culture possible. Define the role an “adaptive” (transformational) vs. “strong” (transactional) culture performs in transforming an organization. Transactional leadership is defined as the influence of a leader towards his subordinates using rewards and punishment as a motivation mechanism (Northouse, 2013). This is based on the idea that a leader must give or take something from subordinates in order to get them to perform a task or act in a desirable way. Transformational leadership is where the leader works as a motivator and model to encourage followers to work because of their love or like of the job and not because of rewards or punishment. The leader also works to put people in positions to succeed based on their strengths and expertise and then challenges them...
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...Inside Look into Ethical Concerns of For-Profit and Not- For-Profit Organizations Matthew Morton PHI445: Personal & Organizational Ethics Instructor: Robin McCart-Brown 10/12/2015 “Ethics: an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior: a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong (Merriam-Webster)”. The theory of ethical issues dates back to the first known human beings, as even the oldest settlers of this planet, had some guidelines distinguishing right from wrong doing. This day in age, the actual study of ethics and morals has come a long way, while many famous philosophers and ancient hierarchy’s have their own beliefs and set of rules they believe is right or wrong. When we look at the use of ethics and moral code in relation to business and organizations around the world there is allot to be said. In a world that has evolved beyond the imagination of our earliest settlers, ethics and business have allot in common as every business, for or not for-profit, strives to hold the highest reputation to acquire and retain as much public interest and business as possible. While there are many famous not- for profit organizations and even more for-profit business’s, they are not all as favorable and ethically inclined as they might seem on the surface, leaving the research of these organizations in the hands of the consumer and also the determining of whether a particular organization does good by their own ethical and moral...
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...AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited books Censorship; USA Patriot Act 2001-US AND Civil liberties; Filtering software;Banned books Child abuse SEE ALSO Domestic violence Abused children; Child abuse Child abuse Child custody/support Custody of children Child custody Children of alcoholics Children of alcoholics; Alcoholics--Family relationships Children...
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...Ethics The field of ethics (or moral philosophy) involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Philosophers today usually divide ethical theories into three general subject areas: metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Metaethics investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean. Are they merely social inventions? Do they involve more than expressions of our individual emotions? Metaethical answers to these questions focus on the issues of universal truths, the will of God, the role of reason in ethical judgments, and the meaning of ethical terms themselves. Normative ethics takes on a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. This may involve articulating the good habits that we should acquire, the duties that we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior on others. Finally, applied ethics involves examining specific controversial issues, such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war. By using the conceptual tools of metaethics and normative ethics, discussions in applied ethics try to resolve these controversial issues. The lines of distinction between metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics are often blurry. For example, the issue of abortion is an applied ethical topic since it involves a specific type of controversial behavior. But it also depends...
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...the weak or a loaded gun in the hands of humanity? “The media’s the most powerful entity on earth…because they control the minds of the masses” (Malcom X, 2012). Media has responsibilities and these responsibilities need to be clarified and upheld by society. Unfortunately, media today does not abide by moral standards, which in turn sends mixed messages to our society. Often times these messages are demoralizing, desensitizing, and false. Young people and adults alike are trying to navigate through their lives and through the world with a broken compass. The role media plays in issues such as self-worth, bullying, and suicide need to be addressed and revised. I will discuss media and its role and responsibility through the perspective of both a classical and contemporary ethical theory. The classical theory that will be discussed is virtue ethics, which is the study of the virtuous character of a person (Mosser, 2010, p.1.7). The contemporary theory that will be discussed is emotivism, which is basing one’s moral decisions on one’s feelings and emotions (Mosser, 2010, p.1.8). Concluding, I will discuss which theory is closer to my own personal view and why I chose that particular theory. While freedom of speech and personal connection are very important, age appropriate moral standards should be upheld in the media because media plays a significant role in suicide, bullying, and self-worth. According to Mosser (2010), virtue ethics seeks to find “not what...
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...Enron Managerial Organization Ismael Cruz University of Phoenix LDR531 Instructor Jerry Kahn 02/27/2012 Enron Managerial Organization Organizational behavior theories help manage organizations with managerial issues, such as Enron, an energy company based in Houston, Texas, as in October 2001, revealed the largest accounting failure and internal financial corruption in U.S. history. Perhaps, the lack of transparency, and dishonest executives cause the company’s failure. The lack of specific organizational-behavior theories reviewed in this paper, help identify the reasons for Enron’s failure, and how the establishment and adherence to such theories could avoid such problems. Enron’s History In 1985, Kenneth Lay created Enron by merging energy companies InterNorth and Houston Natural Gas, which became highly profitable through further diversifying and expanding its assets such as electricity plants, paper and pulp plants, gas pipelines, and other services. By 1992, Enron was the leader in natural gas sales n North America. From 1990 to 1998, the company’s stock had increased 311 percent, and its market capitalization was $60 billion by the end of 2000, which also received recognition as the most innovative company in America, by Fortune’s Most Admired Companies Survey (Roston, 2002). Enron’s Scandal President and Founder Kenneth Lay, with the aid of CEO Jeffrey Skilling, created Enron’s “special” board of executives, who were able to hide billions of dollars in deficit...
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...Gun legalization benefits and disadvantages in the USA Introduction The question on whether violence and crime could be tackled effectively and consequently minimized by ultimately legalizing guns in the United States has remained a hard nut to crack over the past decade. On the other hand, ardent debate has been going on getting the guns off the streets. There are valid points on both sides of the issue where legalizing of guns will have benefits as well as disadvantages to the American society. In states where legalization of guns has been effected, citizens have realized numerous benefits. However, the legalization of guns has not been without disadvantages because when the guns find their way into the hands of gangs and children owing to the availability, high rates of crime and deaths are witnessed. Therefore, gun legalization in United States is an issue which has come to the forefront and should be accorded all attention bearing in mind the benefits as well as the disadvantages (Blek 121). Cook, Molliconi and Cole (60) state that guns are weapons that can be used to mitigate crime or violence but can be used to perpetuate violence and crime. It is true that guns do not do the real shooting: people do the shooting. It is the person who possesses the gun and the intent to do harm that we should be worried about. The pride of a person with a gun can actually make him or her to impose his or her will upon other people. This aspect is what puts the legalization of guns...
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...Final Essay Assignment James Peterson What biases, if any, might be common to U.S. intelligence agencies? Give two examples from history or modern day? & Explain what role policymakers play and what problems they face in relation to threat analysis. Course: INTL634 March 3, 2013 What biases, if any, might be common to U.S. intelligence agencies? Give two examples from history or modern day? There are a number of different types of bias mentioned in our text books. In their book, “Analyzing Intelligence” Bruce and Bennett discuss the denial and deception (D&D) bias traps than an analyst can fall into. They mention that there are three major categories: 1) Cultural and personal bias; 2) Organizational bias; & 3) Cognitive heuristics bias. Such biases can taint the analysts opinions based on their type of biases. (George & Bruce. 2008, 127-130) Cultural and personal bias may allow the perception of the intelligence to be tainted by personal beliefs and pre-conceptions that the analyst has developed over his lifetime. This type of bias also may be influenced by personal experiences, morals, customs, habits, and social environments. Organizational bias is “generally associated with the limitations and weaknesses of large bureaucratic organizations”. This type of bias is the result of actual or perceived goals, policies, and traditions of an organization. Bruce also says that the differences are even more extreme when “classified information” is involved...
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...Levi Wortley Logan Denney Discussion Group 9-22-12 Our Society VS. The Hunger Games Now in the film The Hunger Games there are a lot of themes that mirrored in our society today. First and foremost there is the politics of Panem. The government, or “The Capitol,” is corrupted. Their control over the country “Panem” is very iron like in the fact that they control everything from resources to where you can go and what you can do. After awhile of this the districts get fed up and rebel. The capitol succeeds in quelling this rebellion and then to prevent any more rebellions actions or from being embarrassed, they, the Capitol, ensure their power/superiority over their people through a “holiday” they created called the Hunger Games. The Hunger Games is a fight to the death between two tributes from the twelve districts displayed on a television program which is mandatory and to be enjoyed. One of the themes that's present in our society and the movie is the obsession with celebrities and fame. I found myself finding a lot of similarities between the Hunger Games contestants and those on shows like American Idol and The Voice. Both have stylists that dress them up to make them look more dazzling and attractive, and both have mentors that help guide them through the process. There is a spectacle of fashion, makeup and style that has gone wild within the “elite class”. The style and fashion of the “elite class”(people who live in the high-tech cities of Panem) seems to...
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...to the weak or a loaded gun in the hands of humanity? “The media’s the most powerful entity on earth…because they control the minds of the masses” (Malcom X, 2012). Media has responsibilities and these responsibilities need to be clarified and upheld by society. Unfortunately, media today does not abide by moral standards, which in turn sends mixed messages to our society. Often times these messages are demoralizing, desensitizing, and false. Young people and adults alike are trying to navigate through their lives and through the world with a broken compass. The role media plays in issues such as self-worth, bullying, and suicide need to be addressed and revised. I will discuss media and its role and responsibility through the perspective of both a classical and contemporary ethical theory. The classical theory that will be discussed is virtue ethics, which is the study of the virtuous character of a person (Mosser, 2010, p.1.7). The contemporary theory that will be discussed is emotivism, which is basing one’s moral decisions on one’s feelings and emotions (Mosser, 2010, p.1.8). Concluding, I will discuss which theory is closer to my own personal view and why I chose that particular theory. While freedom of speech and personal connection are very important, age appropriate moral standards should be upheld in the media because media plays a significant role in suicide, bullying, and self-worth. According to Mosser (2010), virtue ethics seeks to find “not what...
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...meeting. During the meeting she introduced herself, her research project, and asked permission to observe the group during meetings, protests, and other activities, which she was granted. After 6 months of observation Dr. Cheney began to ask group members a series of open-ended questions about their eating habits, political goals, and biographical history. a.Which of the four major “sources of evidence” is being utilized here? What indicated this to you? * b. Was this study deductive or inductive? Why? This study is deductive since Dr Cheney persuade to forgo the use of animal products for food or clothing by group meeting, observation, asking questions. c. Did the researcher assume an obtrusive or unobtrusive role? Explain. The researcher assume an unobtrusive role because she asked permission to observe group meeting and ask members a series of open-ended questions. d. What are the limitations of this source of evidence? The source of evidence was made in a little group. In addition, the group just meet in 6 times for the researcher collecting information and many open-ended questions did not release a certain result to make conclusion. e. Given these limitations, suggest an alternative source of evidence for studying the same topic....
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...Basic concepts of management Olugbemiga T. Williams AIU University The basic legal environment of business is governed by state, country and international laws. This includes laws on what can or cannot be formed or sold, consumer and employee protection laws, tax and other financial laws, as well as many rules and protocols with respects to business ethics, when and how to seek legal assistance in case of differences. The production or sale of a certain goods is illegal or at least strictly regulated in many countries. This includes, among others, selling of dangerous drugs, guns and explosives. Employee protection protects laws against unfair perception based on race, color, religion, sex, or age; laws against partial removal and sexual or other harassment; health and safety laws and laws regulating minimum wages. The social environment consists of the sum total of a society's beliefs, customs, practices and behaviors. It is to a large extent, a fake construct that can be compared with the natural environment in which we live. Every society has ideas about their own social environment. Some of the customs, beliefs, practices and behaviors are similar across cultures, and some are not. For example, an American traveling to Britain will find many familiar practices but not so much if traveling to China. This is a social environment created by a society at large in which a business functions can be bring up to as its external social environment. If a business runs in a multicultural...
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