...Introduction Psychologists studying perceptual development tend to make a distinction between sensation - "the functioning of our sensory system", and perception - "the interpretation of those sensations" (Foley & Matlin, 2010, p. 2). Perceptual development provides the foundation for interpreting the events of the world around us. Stimuli from the environment that evoke sensory experiences of hearing, seeing, and touching promote brain growth and development. Our sensory systems do indeed change over time, just like the rest of our body. At birth our senses are not completely developed giving us an incomplete view of the world. As we age, our senses will decline leaving us with less of a connection with the world. The path and nature of the development of our senses are important for several reasons. Understanding development helps the medical field intervene in problems to help people of all ages have more normal sensory systems. Understanding development also yields important insight into the basic operations of our sensory systems. Seeing how they change gives researchers peaks into the nature of their general operation. In perceptual development, many focus area does exist, but for the purpose of this paper, emphasis will be placed on discussing the significance of nature vs. nurture to perceptual development in infants, as well as discuss other sensation and perception concepts like visual abilities – acuity and eye movements. Nature vs. Nurture Nature and Nurture in...
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...that Aquinas takes is a different view than the one that sees falsity as in interpretation of our sense data rather in the sense data themselves. Aquinas see falsity exist in the sense only to the extent that truth exists in them too. He says that falsity should be looked for in the senses only to the extent that the truth exists in them, so that we can only say that falsity exists in the senses when they apprehend things otherwise than they actually are. 1 The three ways that Aquinas identifies the likeness of a thing exist in the sense are; primarily and its own nature, secondly and its own nature, and accidentally. The argument that Aquinas arise is that senses can operate in many more ways than simply the apprehension of primary sensation. He seems to be arguing that senses are capable of preprocessing primitive sense data before presented to the intellect. Falsity can exist in the sense only when the sense organ itself is not working properly as he stated in the article: “Hence, for instance, it happens that on account of an unhealthy tongue sweet seems bitter to a sick person” In this case the sense organ itself is not receiving the sensible form correctly. Also, it can occur when the sense makes mistakes in the preprocessing time. As he previously indicated in the article: “…it follows that it (sense) sometimes report erroneously of that object, and thus we are deceived by sense about the object…” An argument that Aquinas gives is that falsity does not exist in...
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...Dustin Lee Dr. Shafer ENG 3850 April 29, 2015 Lady Audley’s Secret Lady Audley’s Secret is a sensation fiction novel that also has a play. The novel was published in 1862 and written by Mary Elizabeth Braddon, while the the play came out soon after. The novel begins with the sensation element of marriage and displays many other elements throughout the novel. The play, Lady Audley’s Secret, on the other hand leaves out many characters such as Clara Talboys, Mr. Talboys, Little George, and others because plays have a time constraint so they don’t lose the audiences interest and it also allows the audience to put their focus on the main issue and element at hand which is Lady Audley’s madness. In the novel readers see many elements, elements such as murder, adultery, bigamy, madness, emotions, poverty, marriage, public appeal, family life, mystery, violence, blackmail, arson, and tons of suspenseful action. On the other hand the play does not include all of these elements. The big elements like romance and marriage are almost excluded from the play totally which is a bit different because the readers of the novel are used to seeing these elements having read the novel. The difference in elements composed in the play compared to the novel helps the audience really focus on what element is being magnified and looked at deeply. That element is madness and insanity which Lady Audley holds. Madness in the 19th century and Victorian era was a big and very interesting topic...
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...4: Sensation and Perception Lecture 6 & 7 • Learning Outcomes • Define and differentiate between sensation and perception. • Identify the parts of the eye, describe the properties of light and the theories of color vision. • Learning Outcomes • Describe how visual perception is organized. • Identify the parts of the ear; explain the sense of hearing. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the chemical senses. • Identify the skin senses and theoretical explanations for pain. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the kinesthetic and vestibular senses. • Explain why psychologists are skeptical about extra sensory perception. • Sensation and Perception • What are Sensation and Perception? • “I have perfect vision” –Heather Sellers has problem with her perception. She cannot recognize faces-prosopagnosia (face blindness) “In college, on a date at the Spaghetti Station, I returned from the bathroom and plunked myself down in the wrong booth, facing the wrong man. I remained unaware he was not my date even as my date (a stranger to me) accosted Wrong Booth Guy, and then stormed out of the Station. I can’t distinguish actors in movies and on TV. I do not recognize myself in photos or video. I can’t recognize my stepsons in the soccer pick-up line; I failed to determine which husband was mine at a party, in the mall, at the market” This curious mix of “perfect” vision and face blindness illustrates the distinction between sensation and perception. • 1. What are Sensation and...
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...Cutaneous or Skin Sensation (Sense of touch) 1. Skin. Outer layer of human body. 2. Stimuli. Various for pressure, pain, and temperature. * The organ involved in the sense of touch is the skin. The skin is composed of 3 several layers : • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous 1. Epidermis(Outermost)- is composed of the outermost layer of the skin. It’s provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. Layers The epidermis is composed of 4 or 5 layers depending on the region of skin being considered.Those layers in descending order are: * Stratum basale * Stratum Spinosum * Stratum Granulosum * Stratum Licidum * Stratum Corneum Stratum basale-has cells that are shaped like columns. In this layers the cells divide and push already formed cells into higher layers. As the cells move into the higher layers. They flatten and eventually die. The top layer of the epidermis, the Stratum Corneum, is made of dead,flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks. 2. Dermis- is a layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues. Its contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands. Components of the Dermis * The dermis is composed of three major types of cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin...
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...I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to a. Discuss the Sensation and Perception b. Value the importance of Perception that allows us to act within our environment. c. Demonstrate the stimuli by help of perceptual theories. II. Subject Matter Sensation and Perception III. Materials Marker Cartolina Paper Colored Paper Pictures 35 copies of Lesson Hand-outs IV. Procedure A. Preparation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | “Good morning Class”“Let us pray first, Anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will...
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...BIOPSYCHOLOGY SEMINAR TOPIC: BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, NEURAL CONDUCTION AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER HISTORY: The blood brain barrier was discovered by the German scientist Paul Ehrlich who observed that intravenous injection of dyes into the body stained almost all organs except the brain. He believed that this was because the brain just didn't take up the dyes. Then in an experiment in 1913, Edwin Goldmann, who was one of Ehrlich's students, injected dye directly into the spinal fluid and observed that the brain did stain, but the rest of the body's organs did not. This demonstrated that there was some kind of compartmentalization between the bloodstream and the cerebrospinal fluid. Although, it had not yet been observed. It was the neurophysiologist Lina Stern who came up with the concept of the blood-brain barrier in 1921. She had been puzzled by the fact that medicines and serums injected into the body did not reach the brain, and came to the conclusion that there must be a special filter to protect the organ; she called it the "hematoencephalic barrier." WHAT IS BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER? A semipermeable membrane seperating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and constituting a barrier to the passage of cells , particles and large molecules. It is a protective network of blood vessels and cells that filters blood flowing to the brain. Blood Brain Barrier is a membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system...
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...Case 1: A New Salsa Sensation SUMMARY Salsa A sauce which was created by Hector Fernandez, operator of El Casa Grande, a local restaurant. customers often commented about both the taste and the texture of the salsa a secret formula that had a few unusual seasonings that made his salsa burst with flavor. Hector believed that this was less “runny” than others. Two of his best customers, who offered to help him produce and market his salsa throughout the state, with the goal of reaching regional distribution in 5 years. Major Advertising Agency Home office in Albuquerque. The agency positioned itself as being a “full-service” organization but Hector wondered exactly what that meant. MattBarnes, marketing and promotions consultant. Matt’s first questions were about Hector’s salsa: “What makes your salsa better?” and “Is there a way we can convince people of the difference?” Hector responded Potential customers Hector noted that Tex-Mex was a popular form of dining inNew Mexico as well as across the country. He believed that his salsa would appeal to a wide variety of people who enjoy Tex-Mexcuisine. Major competitors Pace and Old El Paso(www.pacefoods.com and www.oldelpaso.com). The two companies offered some products that were the same and others that were not. There was a conclusion that it was possible that neither company was involved in a great deal oftraditionaladvertising or that Hector was simply too busy with his own company tonotice. ...
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...The Backstory of Minato (D&D Character) Minato, known to be a Pally that aligns himself with the Deity, Kord, and is considered to be a valuable asset to Vasant’s group of mercs after joining them in their aid to fight the evil known to as Damon Zausz and his son David. Though Minato is a powerful paladin by nature, he also knows that even he and the group can have limits and has learned how to heal along his journey to redeem his past, and though Vasant maybe his leader, Minato sometimes chooses not to listen to his leader’s orders. No one in the group really knows why Minato does this from time to time, but they naturally assume it deals with his past, and they rather not ask him questions about it. Minato mainly keeps to himself rarely speaks up, but when he is pissed off about something, he lets the group know that he is and sometimes, he gets in shouting matches with Clank about it. But there was a time when Minato wasn’t like this. He was once the complete polar opposite of what he is today. It dates back when he was just 4 years old, in the kingdom called Lilacia. A place that is located in East Istheria. When he was 4, He used to watch as the soldiers and king’s battle guard of warriors, and clerics would march on to take out the rival kingdoms that tried to take his kingdom away, and sometimes, his parents would be in that battle guard. While they were away, he was looked after by friends of the family. He always was happy to see that his parents fought valiantly...
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...Social media has changed family relationships in a negative way by causing people to become addicted, losing communication skills, and by causing bad behaviors. Social media is something everyone uses now a days. People can use it for work, for their homeworks, or maybe just for entertainment. Sometimes people abuse social media. They use to much of it and its hurting familities. It can sometimes change someone in a bad way. Social media has been becoming more useful; it's been changing a lot of familities in a very negative way. Many people become addicted to social media by never taking their eyes off their phones when their walking, spending a lot of time on Facebook, Twitter, etc., and causing people to lose sleep, people walk around all the time with their eyes glued to their phones bumping into everything. The kids in elementary who are already addicted to social media now a days. They shouldn't be addicted to the Internet, they should be outside playing with their friends like the good old days. Social media can cause people to lose communications with their families by making them forget whats around them, they just want to be playing online games and it can sometimes cause parents to not pay attention to their kids. Children tend to forget that they can go outside and play instead of just being inside on the Internet. Being on social media all the time can cause people's attitude to change in a negative way. It can cause families to divide. In an article I read...
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...Ryan Fahey Case Study Assignment 2 Prof. Griffith 1. Why would Captain Mueller and his copilot sit in darkness for an extended period of time before taking off on a night flight? Be sure to describe in detail the parts of the eye and the processes involved that explain why this was a useful step for the pilot and copilot to take. * Captain Mueller and his copilot would sit in darkness before taking off on a night flight so their eyes would already be adjusted to the darkness. Adaption is defined as an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli. By shutting off the light before they take off, they would be changing their frame of reference. This is commonly referred to as dark adaption which is the phenomenon of adjusting to dim light after being in brighter light. The rate at which dark adaption occurs is a result of the change in the chemical composition of the rods and cones. The rods take 20-30 minutes to reach their maximum level, while cones reach their greatest level of adaption in just a few minutes. If this would have occurred, their pupil size would have changed. The size of the pupil opening depends on the amount of light in the environment. In a dimmer environment, the pupil opens to allow more light to enter. Although, wide-opened pupils have a harder time of discerning things. 2. Why would the mysterious object have first appeared to Mueller in his peripheral vision? * After the light travels through the...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Outline Mary Bazile Psychology/300 October 6, 2013 Carlton Bowden Explanation of Sensation, Perception, and Attention The recommendations for the authority sensations, perceptive, and attention to learning would be like if a person would sit down to study, the person would not be bother by the distracting environmental stimuli. Why? Because some people and certain other people cannot lie in the difference of ability to focus and control each other attention toward their own perceptive processes derived from sensations. A report says that (Kowalski & Westen, 2009) acknowledges that the human sensory systems, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, touch, proprioceptive, vestibular, and kinesthetic all specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli called sensory. A short term for olfactory is small. The term for gustatory is taste. An example for touch is pain. Proprioceptive is sensory information about body’s position and movement. Vestibular is sensory information on position of body in space by sensing gravity and movement. Kinesthetic is a sensory information about movement and position of limbs and other parts of the body relative to one another. All the words are transformed...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, Lupe Contreras PSY 300 July 3, 2012` Osagie Amayo Sensation, Perception, and Attention An individual’s attention is affected by their sensation and perception of the environment. Learning Team A (Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, and Lupe Contreras) discussed their personal comfort levels of learning in environments with different levels of auditory stimuli. Through this discussion, Learning Team A concluded that it was easier for them to learn in an environment with little to no outside auditory stimuli as opposed to a noisy environment. Increases in auditory stimuli can cause divided attention, which is not typically conducive to learning and memory retention. The threshold for auditory stimuli is defined as the slightest perceptible sound (American Psychological Association, 2009). Dichotic listening, also known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, is the ability to focus on the auditory input in one ear while ignoring extraneous environmental auditory input. Initially, researchers thought that the extraneous input was not learned. However, further research showed that the peripheral input cannot be completely ignored and is stored in memory, although usually very weakly. Because the brain senses and perceives the additional auditory stimuli, it is more difficult to give full attention to the intended task (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Learning Team A met at a fairly busy coffee shop. For the purposes...
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...Sensation and Perception The human brain is much more complex than any other organism because humans have the ability to perceive information. Any organism can experience sensation, or a response caused by the presence of a stimulus (Baar and Warden, 1928). Because humans have such complex cerebral cortexes, they can interpret the sensations caused by stimuli and decide what to do with the information. This interpretation is called perception and it gives meaning to sensations (Harrison and Geller, 2014). The difference between sensation and perception is that a sensation is just the experience of a stimulus, while perception is the interpretation of the sensation. A sensation can happen at any time and can be caused by all types of stimuli. Sensations can be cause by all the five senses that are sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Sensations are also a “native” (Baar and Warden, 1928) response, meaning they just occur and need no prior learning for translation. Perception on the other hand can only happen when there is a sensation. Without a sensation, there would be nothing to perceive, therefore there would be no information to be put together. Perception must be “acquired by experience” (Baar and Warden, 1928), meaning they require prior learning in order to interpret and understand sensations. For example, when an adult witnesses someone being hit, they will think something is wrong, because, as a child, they were taught that hitting was bad. Although...
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...“Sensation and Perception: A Relationship” Essay #1 Sensation and perception are both cognitive functions that occur in our everyday lives. Sensation, as defined by William James (2010), is “becoming aware of the bare immediate natures”, in which “several objects are distinguished” (p. 6). On the other hand, perception is defined as “the consciousness of particular material things present to sense” (James, 2010, p. 57). The question that exists is whether one cognitive function can exist without the other and vice versa. I believe that both cognitive functions need each other in order to efficiently make knowledge and information. In order to answer the question, the relationship between sensation and perception needs to be well-defined. Sensation is “detecting stimuli from the body or environment [and] the immediate experience of basic properties of an object or event that occurs when a sensory receptor is stimulated” (“Sensation & Perception”, n.d.) whereas perception is the “act of organizing and interpreting sensory input as signaling a particular object or event” (“Sensation & Perception”, n.d.). Basically, stimuli must be received by the sense receptors first before being processed and perceived as meaningful data. The definition of “meaningful data” is subjective since what one person considers “meaningful” may not be to another person; individuals perceive things differently from one another. Can sense exist without perception? I believe that sensation...
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