...types of sexual offenders Sexual offenders are a major problem in today’s society. There has been an increasingly amount of research done in order to fully understand, and identify the types of sexual offenders. Researchers are trying to focus on finding types of treatments that could help sexual offenders. Since there are a lot of different types of offenders, building a treatment program is seen as a difficult task. Sexual offenders vary in terms of their characteristics, and their reasoning behind their acts. They are viewed as a heterogeneous group; which means that their types vary according to their characteristics. In order to help keep our society safe, it is important for us to understand the reason as to why sexual offenders commit the acts that they do. It is also important to understand the different types of treatments offered to sexual offenders, and if it reduces any risks of recidivism. This research paper will demonstrate ten different articles with ten very different analysis as to why sexual offenders offend, and what kind of treatment can be offered in order to reduce the chance of recidivism. Types of sexual offenders In order to fully understand this paper we first have to identify, and explain each typology of sexual offenders. What is a sexual offender? A basic definition of a sexual offender is someone who commits a sexual crime against someone. According to the encyclopedia of social and behavioural sciences “Sex offenders force another...
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...Sexual offenders cannot be profiled with any degree of accuracy. Even the majority of sex offenders cannot be generalized to a single profile (Bartol & Bartol, 2014, p. 348). The only thing that all sexual offenders have in common is that they are sexual offenders. The term sexual assault is any sexual contact or behavior that occurs without consent; this is inclusive of rape, child molestation, and more. Rape is considered a Part 1 Crime while sexual offenses are considered a Part II crime (Bartol & Batrol, 2014, p. 6). According to the UCR, rape makes up 3.5% of all Part I crimes (Bartol & Bartol, 2014, p. 17-18). However, this statistic may not be accurate due to the underreporting of sexual offenses. This paper aims to discuss the classification...
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...Sexual predators are people who have committed sex crime. In the United States, there are more than 400,000 registered sexual predators. There are many ways in which sexual offenders could be punished for their actions. For one, Law makers should pass on a law stating that sex offenders have to notify others by writing it on their social media accounts, that they have committed a sex crime. Secondly, sexual predators should be chemically casturated to help prevent urges. Lastly, if you are aware of a sexual predator in your community you should not be afraid to inform others because they might not be aware. Their statements should indicate the crime committed, if this is their first offense, if not how many, and the court’s decision upon the crime. Offenders must also state their physical characteristics and residential address. Indicating their...
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...Juvenile Sex Offenders The following articles, factsheets, and studies have been compiled to assist attorneys and individuals working on behalf of youth charged with sexual offending. The information contained in these resources aim to help others realize the fundamental differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders, which include positive responses of juveniles to treatment, low recidivism rates of juveniles and negative impact of registries on youth development. It is our hope that this information will be used to improve legal outcomes for juvenile sex offenders, and uphold the purpose of the juvenile justice system as a rehabilitative, not punitive, system. PUBLICATIONS BY TOPIC Recidivism Rates/Amenability to Treatment Judith V. Becker, What We Know About the Characteristics and Treatment of Adolescents Who have Committed Sexual Offenses, 3 CHILD MALTREATMENT 317, (1998). The author states that comprehensive data does not exist to support the notion that if adolescents commit one sexual offense, they will go on to develop a pattern of sexual-offending behaviors or develop a psychosocial disorder. Michael F. Caldwell et al., An Examination of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act as Applied to Juveniles: Evaluating the Ability to Predict Sexual Recidivism, 14 PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW 89, (2008). This study compared 91 juvenile males who had been treated in a secure correctional treatment program for being adjudicated for a sexual felony...
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...Serena Manfredy Probation & Parole Research Paper: Supervision of Sex Offenders Sex offenders are a highly diverse group of people, but all are individuals who have at least one of the following crimes in common: have committed violent sexual assault on a stranger, have had inappropriate sexual contact with a family member, have molested a child or any other inappropriate and criminal sexual behavior. What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction. The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crimes of a sexual nature. Some of the crimes which usually result in a mandatory sex-offender classification are sexual assault, statutory rape, rape, sexual harassment, prostitution, and pedophilia. Currently, in the United States there are a total of 722, 499 individuals who are registered sex offenders, some of these individuals being juveniles. However, this number does not include offenses that have not been reported. Research shows that a lot of cases go unreported which can deem inaccurate numbers regarding the amount of sex offenders. Victims of sexual offenses often feel a plethora of negative feelings following the crime, including guilt, and this can account for some of the underreporting. There are subcategory designations sex offenders can fall into that classify them into levels depending on the severity of the crime. They are then registered and put under special conditions they must abide by for...
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...Court of appeals for the Second Circuit on John Doe claim under 42 U.S.C 1983 that Connecticut’s sexual offender registration law violates the Due process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and disputing public disclosure of information contained in the registry. Facts: Connecticut’s Megan’s law requires all persons convicted of sexual offenses to register with the Department of Public Safety (DPS) after being released from prison for the next 10 years or life. On an Internet Web site that is available to the public, the DPS requires a sex offender to registry his/her name, addresses and photographs. John Doe, a convicted sex offender who is subject to the law, filed suit 42 U.S.C 1983, claiming that the law violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause and he only wants to prove that he is not current dangerous and that Connecticut law’s registration does not apply. Issue: Does the Connecticut’s Megan’s Law violate John Doe registrant’s right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment and how do you apply it to sex offender who was convicted before the Connecticut’s Megan’s Law was establish. Because John Doe was convicted before the law was passed, so such disclosure both deprived him (registered sex offenders) of a liberty interest and violated the Due Process Clause not granting a hearing to determine a registered sex offenders to be currently dangerous. Ruling and Reasoning: The Second Circuit Court judgment was reversed...
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...enforcement to make data, like location of sex offenders accessible to public. Authorities will alert and notify residents of an incoming sexual offender when they move nearby. After the death of Megan, New Jersey residents were horrified and shocked as to how this could have happened. Assemblyman, Paul Kramer, took action and proposed Megan's Law to the New Jersey General Assembly which would be approved for a sex offender registry. Looking at this from society's point a view, this is a really beneficial step towards safety. However, current sexual offenders endure many hardships because of Megan’s Law. Megan Kanka...
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...HEAD: Sexual Predators Sexual Predators Wm. Michael Barber Criminal Law & Procedure CRJ 306 Martin McAuliffe February 18, 2013 Sexual Predators The State of Pennsylvania like so many other states has passed laws the focus on the civil commitment of predators after their criminal commitment is finished. Our statute, like several other states, now calls for the involuntary civil commitment of sexual predators that have been determined to have a psychological or behavioral abnormality that makes these individuals engage or be predisposed to engage in some type of sexually deviant or predatory acts. This paper will focus on implementation and development of the Pennsylvania laws dealing with sexual predators and how the state is moving forward to cope with this issue. Civil confinement of violent sexual predators is very controversial in forensic psychology and psychiatry. Even with the controversy, lawmakers in many states have passed laws requiring the civil commitment of inmates that suffer from psychological and behavior abnormalities and a past of committing sexual offenses. Most states call for inpatient confinement in facilities that are secure. Pennsylvania would rather focus on a model that is designed for outpatients. Pennsylvania has a very tough approach on crimes that are determined to be sexual in nature. The state legislature went as far as to pass a law that called for the death penalty for those that are determined to be repeat offenders. Unfortunately...
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...Allia Scott Mr. Cohen 2nd Period/Adv. 103 November 1, 2011 Sexual Predactors in Cyberspace All Americans are different. They have different religions, beliefs and customs. Different people have different hobbies such as playing sports, hanging out with friends or even just surfing the web. Surfing the web is the most common hobby among young Americans. There are many things you can do on the web. Some of the more notable things that you can do on the web are watch videos, e-mail, research and social networking. Social networking sites are is more popular among children and teens. (C. Hansen, MSNBC). Social networking sites are mainly used for dating and chatting, with family and friends also with people you don’t know. One of the more common questions, asked by many parents are, “Is the social networking and chatting sites your using safe?” Many people believe that online chat rooms and social networking sites, such as Facebook, MySpace, Tagged and Downlink are hunting grounds for many sex offenders and predators. The fact that you can meet sexual predators and sex offenders anywhere at any time of the day slips through people minds. A lot of children and teens interact with predators on websites due to the way that they conduct themselves in chat rooms, the people they socialize with and the amount of personal information that they put on the sites. Promoting online safety has become proiorty with recent explosive popularity of social networking websites. A quick...
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...Sex Offender Policy Team C CJA/464 February 4, 2013 Paul Brouillette Sex Offender Policy While the rate of sexual offenders has risen to around 234,000 in the past decade, the debate in our society has noticed the rise. In many states, victims are violated, and due to mental health issues and continue to be repeat offenders. Children have become the most unreported victims of all. While it is important to have sex offender registers in every state, it is another issue that most do not register, or give changes of address in many towns. While the concerns are on the rise the public and law enforcement look for new ways in preventing such violent crimes and the policy that are in place provide some security but not enough. In the 1930’s the United States began the first sex offender registry requiring sex offenders to register with local state and federal agencies. Offenders were required to give their address and any other information used to identify them to the agencies. The early policies required only focused on high profile or repeat offenders. The attention given to the offenders are used to drive offenders or the “undesirable” persons out of the communities. Today’s policies give law enforcement so much easier method of identifying sex offenders, as they are required to register as a sex offender once convicted of a sex crime. Sex offender registration is open to view from the public and many review it on a regular basis when concerned...
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...effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore implement programs that will give the offender the best change of reform or rehabilitation (MacKenzie, 2006). There are many treatment and rehabilitation programs currently used in corrections around the world aimed at reducing recidivism (MacKenzie, 2006). A heuristic approach classifies various...
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...information availability of the names sex offenders. Anyone can access the names of convicted sexual predators at any given time. They are able to look at these names via sex offender registries. These are online data bases which contain the names and risk levels of registered sex offenders. Some people have concerns with this, such as: does the punishment fit the crime? Should just anyone be able to access these names, or should they even continue with the sex offender registries? I personally believe that the convicted offender should to live with the consequences. This consequence, as well as others, are not even close to what the victims face. The victims, and their family members, deal with many challenges. The victims are not even able to carry on with simple, everyday activities without taking extreme caution and looking over their shoulders constantly. The families have to deal with the trauma and watch their loved one go through the long, hard time. There are many disputes as to whether or not the punishment is fitting of the crime. I believe that many people think it is not fitting because of the harassment that sex offenders face. When their names are put on the registries, they are there for the entire world to see. Many of them have to deal with the ridicule from those around them. However, the author who wrote the article “Protect Yourself, Family From Sexual Offenders,” states, “People feel sorry for the sex offenders we identified in 2002 should have heard the...
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...Triple Homicide of Michael Moore, Steve Branch and Christopher Byers: The Offender Profile Profile prepared for: West Memphis Police Department Profile prepared by: XXX Contact Details: Name: Address: Email address: Overview The following profile is based on the case of triple homicide of the victims identified as Steve Branch, Michael Moore and Christopher Byers. The bodies were discovered less than 24h after their disappearance, in the wooded area of West Memphis, Arkansas, known as the Robin Hood Hills. Steve Branch and Michael Moore were discovered hogtied and drowned with extensive injuries to the body and the head, while Christopher Byers was discovered mutilated with the similar injuries displayed by the other two victims. Upon the review of the available forensic and investigative evidence, the following offender profile has been compiled, based on the known facts, for the use by the West Memphis police Department in further investigation, and ultimately, the offender apprehension. The Profile Limitations The profile, although put together to the best of the profiler’s knowledge and with presented evidence, does have limitations, which are noted below. The use of this profile should be done with its limitations in mind. The profile should be used as a framework in further investigation and not as means of naming the offender. * The State Crime Scene Laboratory reports did not have any concrete physical evidence that can be indicative of any of...
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...Introduction There are certain crimes today, which invoke a strong personal reaction. What is your first mental image and what emotion do you first notice when you hear the term, “sex offender?” Do you picture a scary looking male stranger? Is your first emotion, anger or maybe fear? Now, what is your initial reaction when someone says that the post-sentencing laws for these offenders may be doing more harm then good in regard to current legislation passed after high profile cases. Are sexual crimes all equally heinous, justifying opinions that the offender did the crime so they should accept the consequences? I believe that these laws were created with the best of intentions. Yet, these laws are now creating alternate paths to dangerous alternatives and roadblocks to the goals they seek to achieve. Legistation On October 22, 1989, an 11-year-old boy named Jacob Wetterling was abducted from a small town in Minnesota (Hawkins, 2009). Jacob and his two friends rode their bikes into town to a convenience store to rent movies (Hawkins, 2009). On the way back home, a gunman stepped out of the woods, and told Jacob’s two friends to run into the woods and not look back (Yoder, 2011). Jacob, who stayed behind, has never been seen since (Yoder, 2011). A massive manhunt ensued with law enforcement from all over, however their exhausting efforts never led them to finding Jacob or his abductor. This case captured headlines all over the United States and in 1994 it prompted legislation...
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...specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments serves the courts, community, and probations in many ways. The probation department serves by first, providing the court with pertinent information at the different stages of the criminal justice process. The department also serves the...
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