...According to world health organization, health is a state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not the absence of diseases or infirmity. Health starts at home, school, workplace, neighborhood, and communities. Eating well, no smoking, immunization, screening tests, seeing doctors when we are sick, good food and relationships. (HP 2020 data)The social determinants, these includes (1) Personal income, like if the income is low, it will affect the daily living. (2)social support (3)Education ;for example, the more educated you are the more you are likely to live healthy life style.(4) Employment; like if one is employed, it will determine the geographical location of that individual. (5) working conditions; If there no industry, no job, no schools, there will be unemployment, creating problem to the society. (6)social And physical environment; like if the area, where the water is polluted or swampy area like in sub-urban areas.in social, like in interpersonal relationships or social gatherings, or recreational centers, or fitness centers, health centers, parks, amusement centers, tourist centers to mention a few. All these also determine health. (7) Personal health practices. Like in exercises, eating healthy, having rest, and maintaining quality of good health. (8) Socio-Economic status; like the more money you have ,the more likely you will take care of yourself, eat well, do exercise and under take preventive health and more. (9) Health care rationing (10) Health services (11)...
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...The purpose of this essay is review the strategies that are aimed at either preventing obesity or decreasing the burden of health related issues caused by obesity that currently exists within Australia. Obesity is identified as one of the Australia’s National Health Priority areas. Globally obesity ranks as the fifth leading cause of mortality. Obesity is also a major contributor to the burden of diabetes at 44%, ischaemic heart disease at 23% and around 7 to 41% for certain cancers.1 In this essay I will be focusing on childhood obesity, where it is estimated that in 2010, 43 million children under the age of 5 years will be categorised as being overweight or obese.1 Queensland unfortunately has the highest rate of obesity within Australia at around 18.5% of the population. Of which 19 to 24% of Australian school age children are overweight or obese.2 Whilst researching this issue I came across Bowen Athletics Club who investigated the influence of improving food choices in their canteen had on their members. Many of their strategies incorporated initiatives that had been tabled within the Eat Well Queensland project, which looked at Social Determinants of health, productivity and cooperation from local and state governments and non-government agencies. I will then conclude that based on evidenced sourced that the actions and strategies that the Bowen Athletics Club used seemed sufficient enough in changing attitudes and behaviours of it’s members. Obesity is caused by an...
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...The Role of Social Support in Coping with HIV/AIDS The topic of HIV/AIDS is particularly relevant in a South African context due to the rate of infection in this country, as well as the government’s stance on HIV/AIDS policy. South has Africa has the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The Mbeki regime’s policy has only recently been changed to increase the availability of antiretrovirals to those infected. While these antiretrovirals may be used to treat the virus itself, they are ineffective in dealing with the stressors associated with the virus. Indeed, it can be argued that environmental factors, specifically social support, have the greatest positive influence in this regard. This essay will consider whether this is the case by examining the role of social support in dealing with the HIV/AIDS diagnosis, related health decline and infections and the prejudice and stigma attached to said diagnosis. In order to do this, one must first examine the definition of social support. Thoits (1995) as cited in Mizuno, Purcell, Dawson-Rose, Parsons & The Sudis Team (2003 p.690) defines social support as “instrumental, emotional or informational assistance from significant others” and goes on to find social support “one of the major coping resources for people experiencing stressful life events or chronic strains.” “Significant others” is generally understood to mean partners, friends and family, but could also refer to traditional caregivers in a hospital environment. Friedland...
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...SOLOMON SMART KALUBA ID: UB28902SPU37458 PUBLIC HEALTH ASSIGNMENT: DEFINATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, ITS USE AND EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS DATE OF SUBMISSION: 5/02/2014. ANTLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAII Contents Introduction 2 The Historical Context 2 Recent developments in Epidemiology 2 Definition, scope and use of epidemiology 4 Distribution 5 Determinants 5 Health- related states or events 6 Specified populations 6 Application 7 Scope 7 Epidemiology versus Public Health 7 Causation of diseases 8 Achievements in Epidemiology 9 Small pox 9 Methyl Mercury Poisoning 10 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 11 Iodine Deficiency Disease 11 Tobacco use, Asbestos and Lung Cancer 12 Hip Fractures 12 HIV/AIDS 13 Global AIDS epidemic 1990–2003 13 SARS 14 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Introduction This essay provides a brief summary of what epidemiology is, what it is used for and discusses the major successes epidemiologist have contributed towards control and eradication of major epidemics. The discussion will also touch on the historical context and development of the emergency of epidemiology as a science and art, and give example of some of the people that greatly contributed to the achievement scored in epidemiology studies and applications. The Historical Context Epidemiology originated from the Hippocrates` observation more than 200 years ago who identified environmental factors to have an influence...
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...Triangle will be define and identified, and the different types of epidemiology. The population chosen characteristics such as the influenced population’s vulnerability. This essay will also examine the values and potential cultural biases with cultural considerations that may impact health issues. There are legal and ethical consideration when working with the mentally ill. Describing the relationship of the disease to varies levels of prevention. Relevant population and the disease of this population The mentally ill the population and the disease is AIDS/HIV. Mental disorders are indiscriminate. They occur across the span and affect persons of all races, cultures genders and educational and socioeconomic group. One of the leading cause of disability is mental illness. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS have had an enormous political and social impact on society. Nearly 75% of new HIV infections occur in persons between 30-49 years may result in disrupted families and lost careers and economic productivity. (Stanhope, 2012, p317) HIV is transmitted through exposure to blood, semen, transplanted organs, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Heymann, 2008). (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2012 p.785) According to World Health Organization, “Mental health and HIV are closely interlinked: mental health problems, including substance use disorders, are associated with increased risk of HIV infection and AID. Some mental disorders occur as a result of HIV infection.”...
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...we are ingesting and putting in our body is the right choice for us. Making the best food choices on a daily basis will have both immediate and long-term effects on your body. Select healthy, nutritious foods and your meals will not only satisfy your hunger, they’ll improve your mood and give you more energy as they will also set you up for long-term wellness. This essay is going to talk about some factors that how to make the choices that we take for dietary needs. There are few points for making our food choice which depends on Biological, Social and Economic. The human body must obtain nutrients from foods. Human require approximately fifty nutrients for growth and cell maintenance and repair. These nutrients are divided into six classes: proteins, lipids or fats, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and water. A diet consisting of a relatively equal combination of terrestrial mammals, birds, shellfish, fish and plant foods would lead to healthier individual than would a diet based solely or primarily on one type of animal food such as terrestrial mammals. Our physiological needs provide the basic determinants of food choice. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger and satiety. Hunger and satiety are the result of complex physiological processes, e.g., blood depletion of nutrients, empty stomach. As food is eaten satiation will take place leading to the termination of the eating occasion and bringing a state of no hunger...
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...Social prescribing in general practice: adding meaning to medicine ‘There are few things we should keenly desire if we really knew what we wanted.’ Francois de la Rochefoucauld (French writer 1613–1680) Social prescribing is about expanding the range of options available to GP and patient as they grapple with a problem. Where that problem has its origins in socioeconomic deprivation or long-term psychosocial issues, it is easy for both patient and GP to feel overwhelmed and reluctant to open what could turn out to be a can of worms. Settling for a short-term medical fix may be pragmatic but can easily become a conspiracy of silence which confirms the underlying sense of defeat. Can or should we try to do more during the precious minutes of a GP consultation? Where there are psychosocial issues GPs do suggest social avenues, such as visiting a Citizens Advice Bureau for financial problems, or a dance class for exercise and loneliness, but without a supportive framework this tends to be a token action. The big picture difficulty with leaving underlying psychosocial problems largely hidden in the consulting room is the medicalisation of society’s ills. This ranges from using antidepressants for the misery of a difficult life, to the complex pharmaceutical regimes prescribed to patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This sort of medicalisation may help immediate problems (including driving the economy through jobs in the healthcare industries) but it is not enough if our society...
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...According to Wagnleitner (1994), cultural and social transference as a one-way street is mental coercion that the coloniser uses to expand its influence in the region. Based primarily on the colonising power, this metal assimilation ideology raised colonial injustices in the colony. As the fact that colonisation is irrevocable, the injustice between the aborigine and the colonist cannot be solved completely. In this circumstance, remedy colonial injustices is a priority which can efficiently improve the aborigine’s plight. To a large extent, the government is the protagonist in assisting remedy colonial injustice due to their authority and power. In this essay, I will state the remediation strategies for colonial injustice, especially in social...
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...Research is the investigation of a particular topic using a variety of reliable, scholarly resources. The three major goals of research are establishing facts, analyzing information, and reaching new conclusions. The three main acts of doing research are searching for, reviewing, and evaluating information. What are the characteristics of a good researcher? A good researcher will be able to extract relevant information from large amounts of info. Complete research will have a) the core information, or sets of core information, which together answers the question (problem) directly, and b) the contextual information, which determines whether or not the core research is applicable to given circumstances. That is, the research must be relevant! Good research is that which paints a complete picture, but not so bogged down with detail ast to detract from the overall picture - i.e. the solution to given problem. The researcher should also be able to convey the research in an accessible format, that is the research must be easy to make use of. This might mean illustrating hundreds and hundres of numbers, for e.g the ages of women working in childcare, into categories of relevance such as the region they live in or their ethnic background, depending on the question being asked. Types of Research Quantitative and Qualitative Quantitative research is the collecting of objective numerical data. Features are classified and counted, and statistical models are constructed to analyze...
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...Nursing Essay Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Substance abuse refers to the pattern of continued use, despite adverse consequence. Socio-cultural determinants of substance abuse of substance use imply to social factors that affect the outcome of drug abuse. The group characteristic determines social cultural determinants, and the general beliefs in history of the set community. For instance, smoking was considered fashionable in the early times. Currently, it is prohibited in some communities. The alienations of individuals in new environment trigger people to abuse drugs. Emerging adulthood has been a significant contributor to drug abuse widespread. The youths gain freedom during the transition stage of adolescence to adulthood hence they abuse the drugs without fear of the parents. The exposure to colleges where there is so much freedom and culture of excessive drinking is continuously contributing to widespread use. Students abuse drugs while trying to cope with up with the new environments of studies and trying to fit the new social settings. The significant direct cost is arising from substance abuse results from health care. According to (J Rehm et. al, 2006) “The cost of acute care and psychiatric hospitalization, specialized inpatient treatment, ambulatory care and doctor’s fees, visits to a family doctor and drugs prescribed to treat a substance abuse problem.”9(p.5).Absolute proportional cost is spend according to the attributable ratio. Law enforcement cause...
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...year 2012-2013 Semester III Course Course Code Title UAPSY301 Social Psychology: Part I UAPSY302 Developmental Psychology: Part I Units 1. The Field of Social Psychology 2. Social Cognition 3. Social Perception 4. Attitudes 1.Introduction - Beginnings 2.The Start of Life; Birth and the Newborn Infant 3.Physical Development in Infancy 4.Cognitive Development in Infancy Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) 100 ( 60 +40) 3 Semester IV Course Course Code Title UAPSY401 Social Psychology Part II Units 1. Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination 2. Social Influence 3. Aggression 4. Groups and Individuals 1. Physical, Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years 2. Cognitive Development in Pre-school years 3. Physical, Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood 4. Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY402 Developmental Psychology: Part II 3 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY 301 Semester III. Social Psychology: Part I (Credits = 3) 3 lectures per week; 45 lectures per Semester Objectives: 1. To impart knowledge of the basic concepts and modern trends in Social Psychology 2. To foster interest in Social Psychology as a field of study and research 3. To make the students aware of the applications of the various concepts in Social Psychology in the Indian context Semester III Unit 1: The Field of Social Psychology a) Social Psychology: what it is and what it does 3 b) Social Psychology: its cutting edge c) A brief look at...
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...changing focus of public health by Maria Joyce Key sections include: Environment, infectious disease, locating public health, the enlightenment, the Sanitarians, national provision of services, the inception of the National Health Service, ‘crisis in health’, The New Right, The Third Way, new public health. Public health, the new ideology may be taken to mean the promotion of healthy lifestyles linked to behaviour and individual responsibility supported by government action; whereas traditionally the description tended to relate more to sanitary reform and ‘healthy conditions’. The chronological development of public health is mapped out, supported by the outlining and discussion of the emerging themes and influences pertaining to the study of public health. The approach to public health is positioned alongside the health of the population and the prevailing political/societal influence at the time. Public health is impacted on by poverty and environmental factors. Presently government policy to improve public health is delivered in a strategy that recognises the need for health improvement at times when the greatest impact on health is poverty and exclusion. The evidence reviewed demonstrates clearly that poor health without appropriate resources or intervention is cumulative and that the ‘right’ form of intervention can bring about long term health gains. Intervention from a national agenda needs to include individual’s health and the health of the community brought...
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...THESIS ON IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Sparkles Soft offers under stated Services 1. Plagiarism free writing services 2. PHD Research Papers 3. MBA Dissertations Writer 4. MBA Thesis writer 5. MBA Assignment writer 6. ACCA,BSC Applied Accountancy Project 7. Australian MBA Assignment writing Services 8. UK MBA Assignment writing Services 9. LLB Thesis writing Services 10. LLM Thesis writing Services 11. LLB Assignment writing services 12. LLM Assignment writing Services 13. Australian and UK LLB Thesis writing Services 14. Australian and UK LLM Thesis writing Services 15. Australian and UK LLB Assignment writing services 16. Australian and UK LLM Assignment writing Services https://www.facebook.com/pages/International-Students-in-UK/170124656395756 SPARKLES SOFT Skype sparkles.soft Email sparklessoft@gmail.com Viber/WhatsAPP 00923004604250 Uk LandLine +441252594901 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 3 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Pakistan as a country: 3 1.2 Domestic Violence: 3 1.3 Western Vs local Domestic Violence: 5 1.4 Research Question: 6 1.5 Research Objectives 6 1.6 Research Significance 7 CHAPTER TWO 8 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN 8 2.1. Education: 8 2.2. Education System: 8 2.3. Education system of Pakistan: 10 2.3.1. Problems of Education system of Pakistan: 11 2.3.2. Policies and Reforms in Education system...
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...Critiquing This essay is a critical analysis of a qualitative research article, "I thought it will keep them all quiet", women's experiences of breastfeeding as illusions of compliance: an interpretive phenomenological study, conducted by Spencer et al (2014). The criteria that will be met in this essay are application and appreciation of principle of research to nursing and health care and the difficulties involved in data collection, analysis and how this can affect research outcome, demonstrating the capabilities required to review a published article. The above will be achieved with the help of step by step (Ryan et al, 2007) which will cover the writing style, Authors, Report title, Abstract, statement of the phenomena of interest, purpose of study, literature review, theoretical framework, Method, Sample, Ethical considerations, data collection/analysis, Rigour, findings/discussion, conclusions/implication and recommendation and References. The authors in this article used research question "How is breastfeeding manifest in the experience of women?" participants on this research are mothers aged from 16 years old and above who have had given birth to a healthy term babies and have initiated breastfeeding at the birth of their youngest baby and breastfed for at least eleven days. 22 women took part in this research. They agreed to be interviewed after being given information about the study by their Health visitor. Data for this study was collected from...
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...What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human population, including its size, distribution, composition, and the factors that determine changes in its size, distribution, and composition. Objects: Dynamic VS Static Demographic Focuses 1. Size: the number of population in a given areas at a given time. 2. Distribution: population dispersion in geographic space at a given time. 3. Composition: the number of person in sex, age, and other “demographic” categories. 4. Population dynamics: birth, death, and migration. 5. Socioeconomic determinants and consequences of population change --- Population Study. Population Characteristics Population has three compositions (in terms of static): natural composition: by age and sex spatial composition: by province and by urban-rural areas social composition: by marital status, educational status, nationalities, working status, etc. Accordingly, population has three changes (in terms of dynamics): natural change: birth and death migration change: emigration and immigration social change: marriage and divorce, enrollment and drop out Population dynamics affects the population composition. Population composition can be expressed at a point of time, which was called time-point index; Population change can be expressed within duration of time, which was called period index. The Feature of Demography Demography is rarely found as an independent academic...
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