...Name Professor Course Date Internet Activism and Vigilante Justice Vigilante behavior is that which matches the behavior of vigilantes. According to (Earl, Jennifer and Katrina 34)), vigilante justice discusses the actions of a group of people or of an individual who claim to be enforcing the law, but they lack the legal capacity of enforcing the law. Vigilante justice also discusses a general state of anarchy whereby a competing crowd claims to be enforcing the law in a particular area (Khosla 107). A vigilante is an organization or a civilian that acts in a capacity of enforcing the law without the legal approval or perhaps in the pursuit of self-proclaimed justice (LaRocca 67).Other words for vigilante justice are extrajudicial punishment and frontier justice that typically exists in societies that lack law and order. Internet activism, on the other hand, is the use of e-communication devices and technologies that include social media platforms such Facebook, Google Plus, Twitter, Whatsapp, podcasts and YouTube (Hill 15). The use of these e-communication technologies enhances fast communication whereby the intended information reaches a wider audience in just a matter of time. The primary purposes of e-technologies are lobbying, community building and organizing support groups or activists. An analysis of the New York Times reveals that it published an article on internet activism and vigilante justice on January 20, 2014. The article released in New York Times on 2014...
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...The author, through the medium of this essay tries to analyse the economic aspect of judicial activism in India with regard to transaction costs and opportunity costs. The author will first introduce judicial review and its correlation with judicial activism talking about instances when the latter is helpful and can be used, and the concept of separation of powers. Following which the author, once having clarified the concepts, will discuss the economic aspect of it. This analysis will determine whether judicial activism in the area of siphoning of government funds, provides any cost benefits, as to reduction of costs and the magnitude of its impact on the economy. To meet the ends of justice and ensure equality to all sections of the society especially the disadvantaged one, PIL was brought into effect in India with a view to fulfil these objectives which are in consonance with the objects enshrined in the Article 39A of the Constitution of India. During emergency there was lot of repression and governmental lawlessness; thousands of people were sent to jail with complete denial of their civil and political rights. Post emergency two judges Justices P.N. Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Ayer have played a key role in promoting this avenue of approaching the apex court to the poor and the disadvantaged section of the society, seeking legal remedies in areas where public interests are at stake. The first reported case of PIL was in 1979 focussed on inhuman conditions of prisoners and...
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...Through SOCL 3100, I completed a civic apprenticeship with Otterbein University’s NEW Office of Social Justice and Activism. With the director of the OSJA (Office of Social Justice and Activism), we worked together to design a program to replace their Tunnel of Oppression that they could no longer hold. Together, we created a weeklong event consisting of five different presentations focusing on different subjects. Our event was, Social Justice Week. My responsibility was to think about different subjects we could cover, and find different departments or speakers we could get to present and reach out to them. The topics we covered were Gender Diversity, Poverty and Class, Being an Ally, and Social Justice for the Deaf. We had the Women's, Gender...
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...The judiciary is a government branch responsible for interpreting the constitution. Strict constructionists and judicial activism are two sides of the same body that guide a judge in the decision making of court cases. Strict construction is defined as the interpretation of the law while basing the argument on the narrow and literal meaning of the law. It does not make exceptions for the difference in times of writing the constitution and conditions experienced today, changes in the society and innovations. Judicial activism, on the other hand, considers what the language of the policy maker intended to capture from an extended point of view to consider the societal complexity and current standards of conduct for humans (Pandey, 2012). The strict constructionist limits the judicial discretion, restricting judges in determining legal cases and especially those outlined in the Constitution. Their discretion is only allowed when the decision is necessary for resolving a substantial dispute between antagonizing parties. It expects judges faced with constitutional questions to allow substantive deference to ideas argued by elected branches and restrain their actions only when there are clear violations of the constitutional limits (Mark, 2012). The concept controls the court to interpret laws and take part in policy-making. Judges are expected to pass...
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... The power of critique, then, is not the destruction of the norms though which we operate, but the added strength that it gives to the ones supported. The difference between this example, in terms of veteran affairs, and that of gender norms, is that trauma here becomes a quasi-scientific metric for the state, it becomes something that affirms power on the political subject qua subject of an institutional framework and its procedures. Moreover, this shows that the constructed metric, and for such the study of society plays an important role in the genealogical stage, which goes against the opposers of critique (only as deconstruction and reconstruction through pure reason, such as Latour), and indicates that we should take seriously the social sciences in this affirmation. To this, we need to add to things: first, we need to specify that the critical attitude should be maintained towards the methodology of research, as bias at this level may go undetected (e.g. racial biases in measurement, or for the case of trauma, selectively stating that trauma may have been due to preconditions); second, we need not forgo that which is difficult to measure, such as sentiments (e.g. feeling of unease towards gender expectations)...
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...of codified law to the new concept of Public Interest Litigation and Appointment of Judges . It also discusses the basic attributes that have undergone a change. It ends with the authors providing their views that a mean has to be found between too much and too little activism. INTRODUCTION I believe that we must do away with 'the childish fiction' that law is not made by the judiciary- Sabyasachi Mukharji, C.J. Whenever legislature enacts any law, in spite of keeping everything in mind and putting in their best efforts, it cannot visualize all possible situations in the future to which that law requires application. In today’s world everything is constantly changing. Nothing is static. As a result new situations develop and therefore law has to be interpreted accordingly. Herein, the role of judicial creativity comes into play i.e. to fill in the gap between the existing law and the law as it ought to be. The Judges have to be aware about the rapid changes that the society is undergoing, and they have to develop the law on those lines. Judicial activism in India encompasses an area of legislative vacuum in the field of human rights and it reinforces the strength of democracy. In C. Ravichandran Iyer v. Justice A.M. Bhattacharjee, the court said that the role of the judge is not merely to interpret the law but also to lay new norms...
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...on Defining Legislating Morality and Justice In any discussion, it is important that all parties understand the terms being used. Unfortunately, as noted earlier, Christians have had a shotgun approach to what they consider to be appropriate roles for government intervention. In the attempt to form a coherent and consistent philosophy, we will have to be more precise. As such, this is an important minichapter. I encourage you to read this section carefully and to think through alternative ways to define the key terms. This will enable you to better understand my arguments and to test them properly. In defining “morality” and “justice” in the context of government activism, I am using the terms as they are commonly (although not exclusively) used in the political arena. I will refer to “legislating morality” (LM) as efforts to regulate and restrict consensual but sinful acts between two adults in which no significant, direct costs are imposed on others. Although both parties enter the agreement willingly and expect to benefit, Christians believe that, as sin, the activity is, on net, harmful. But the key point is that the behavior is voluntary for both parties and both parties expect to benefit-- what economists call “mutually beneficial trade.” Examples of this include sex outside of marriage and drug use. (A second category of LM is using government to force or legitimize “good behaviors” such as prayer in schools.) In contrast, “justice” issues will be those in which someone's...
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...Social justice must be sought on all levels, not just in the modern context of fighting racism or in the secular context of supporting gay and abortion rights. Social justice within the church should literally fight to show compassion for and meet the needs of all. The biblical examples that have been used throughout this paper reveal that Jesus’ form of social justice seemed to focus on individuals rather than merely society at large, pointing to a crucial truth of successful social activism: it begins with the individual. He treated everyone that entered His life, for however long or short, with compassion and love, understanding their value in the kingdom. Therefore it is finding of this paper, through examining the actions of Jesus, that...
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...Their willingness to endure brutal attacks and arrests demonstrated their unwavering dedication to the cause of civil rights. Despite the immense risks they faced, the Freedom Riders' actions inspired countless individuals across the country to join the fight against racial segregation and discrimination. Their courage and resilience in the face of adversity continue to serve as a powerful example of peaceful activism and the pursuit of justice. The impact of the Freedom Riders extended far beyond the realm of transportation and public facilities. By challenging deeply entrenched racist practices in the South, they ignited a national conversation about the urgent need for civil rights reform. Their efforts helped galvanize public support for legislative changes that led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a landmark piece of legislation that outlawed segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national...
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...Judiciary: An Alarmbell not a Timekeeper Abstract Judiciary is one of the most important organ of the Government and can be considered as a sleeping giant because in more than one occasion it fills the void created by the the other two organs of the Government viz Legislature and Executive. By doing so it reposes people’s faith constitutional setup .It doesn’t mean that the other two organs of the Government are subsidiary to Judiciary but every branch is supreme in its own right and is complementary and supplementary in nature. Without judiciary we would have been like Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan etc. hence it saved the nation from eminent collapse. But at the same time this active role of judiciary is good only in the short run because the Judges lack in technicality of subject matter and they are not elected by the people and hence not accountable to them Judiciary is only a temporary respite or a painkiller and not a permanent solution of the maladies of the system. Keywords: separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, constitutional setup. Judiciary: An Alarmbell not a Timekeeper With the expansionist role of the Government in the developing countries the necessity of judicial control over administration became much more pronounced. The main task of judiciary is to protect individual citizens...
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...The United States is a nation that has an extensive history and many different eras that have resulted in large changes in the political, economic, and social world. One such era is the Progressive Era, which consisted of large political reform and activism through social communities that would, in short, fight against corruption, inefficiency, and monopolies. During this time, many social figures would become well known for their advocacy and effort in trying to make the nation better as a whole. One such figure is Ida B. Wells, an African American woman who was born in 1862 as a slave during the Civil War. Ida B. Wells was a muckraker, or reform-focused investigative journalist, who wrote continuously about the horrors of racism in the Jim...
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...Reflective Assignment The Political Nonviolent Activism of Martin Luther King Jr. I will focus on the life and the nonviolent political activism of Martin Luther King Jr. King Jr. is a world-renowned figure for his nonviolent pursuit of justice, equality, liberty and freedom for all, he worked tirelessly for racial equality and civil rights within the United States of America and his values of beliefs have been referenced the world over in similar pursuits. He is most well known for a speech he gave on the steps of Washington D.C.’s Lincoln memorial in 1963 entitles “I Have a Dream …” at the “March on Washington”. Section 1 (a) Montgomery Bus Boycott In the city of Montgomery Alabama 1955, it would not be surprising to see buses segregated by race; in fact city law to enforce it. When entering buses whites entered and sat at the front filling towards the rear, blacks entered and sat at the rear filling toward the front. If there were no more seats the next black person onto the bus was to stand, when the next white person got on the closest row of black people to the front were required to stand (Clayborne 224). The boycott began after a number of black women had been arrested for not vacating seats, the most recent before the boycott being Mrs. Rosa Parks (Phibbs). The boycott was organized and led by a number of now prominent civil rights activists along with Martin Luther King Jr., including but limited to: Ralph Abernathy, a leader of the American Civil Rights...
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...W.E.B Dubois: African American Sociology Introduction to Sociology January 8, 2012 Sociology is defined by Merriam Webster as being “the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships; specifically: the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings” (2012). Sociology as it is known has many significant theorists noted for their individual contributions to this field. One of the most noted theorists in this field is W.E.B Dubois. He “was an African-American sociologist who embraced the tradition of merging scholarship and activism (Vissing, 2011). He laid the groundwork for Black sociology which studied the impact that social forces have on the Black family (Vissing, 2011). This study of Black sociology is still relevant in today’s society. His theory is most closely aligned with my personal views of sociology through his views on merging scholarship and activism, society’s impact on the Black family, and the importance of African (American) studies. Du Bois was abundantly talented in his education in the areas of Western literature and history. With a thirst for knowledge, Du Bois pursued degrees at Fisk University and Harvard University. Additionally, he completed post-graduate work in Germany. By the time he was twenty-six years old, after living a life in equality with all the ethnicities in Europe, he found himself returning to America...
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...The Harlem Renaissance was a notable period for African American culture. During a time known as the Great Migration, hundreds of thousands of African Americans fled the South and relocated to cities such as New York, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Harlem, New York, drew a vast number of African Americans. The collision of different backgrounds brought a wide range of artists, scholars, and workers to the city and marked a significant change in the political and social norms during the 1920’s and 1930’s. The significance of the Harlem Renaissance can be understood by discussing its origin, influence in activism, cultural rebirth, artistic influence. The Harlem Renaissance brought together a remarkable group of artists, writers, musicians,...
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...21st Century Enlightenment Emily M Sheridan ABS417: Community Organizing & Development (COI1319B) Michellda Bradshaw 5/21/2013 The world is always changing around us whether we can see these changes or not. Margaret Mead was an American cultural anthropologist who stated “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has”. In this paper I will discuss my thoughts on the video and how it supports Margaret Mead’s statement. I also will discuss social change, progressive organizing, and community organizing. I will then discuss some ways in which citizens can respond to social problems. Last I will consider the quote, “Activism is living out one’s values” and how it relates to how social changes align with people’s values. The video 21st Century Enlightenment discusses the process of people’s consciousness and our belief systems, what ones serve us and which ones our outdated, and our awareness of oneself. Understanding human behaviors with an evidence base such as how humans have bad long term decision making skills is an important aspect to the 21st century enlightenment. The video also discusses the importance for improvement in a worldwide need for more empathy towards others. The video also talks about many different dynamics that go into solving the problems today and also look ahead to sustainability for the whole world. I feel that by looking at our values, norms, and lifestyles...
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