...motivation paper I chose to pick a topic that involves something we all do on a daily basis but that I particularly would like to work on and improve. That is stereotyping, and it is a tool that everybody uses daily to help them quickly comprehend the world around them. Stereotyping can be useful in certain situations to give a general understanding of a group of people or subject, but it also can have negative effects. I chose this internal behavior mainly so I could focus on the negative outcomes of stereotyping and how I can change my perceptions for the better, but also to understand when it can be a useful behavioral tool. Stereotyping is defined as a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group. In everyday life, we deal with many different people from various social groups and have to learn to interact with them. To help quickly make judgments on a person we meet, our brain reverts to the stereotypes that we hold of people from that particular group. It can help us when we meet someone to generally understand their background and give us an idea of their personality or beliefs. While this can be a useful tool, it can often times have negative effects or results. Every person is an individual, which is why it is only fair not to judge them until you have met and understood what they stand for and who they truly are. I know that people become frustrated and irritated when they learn that they...
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...more privileges and rights to people regardless of sexual orientation, disability, or even age. Race, ethnicity, and gender also tend to affect society because of the affect stereotypes have on people and society from a lack of knowledge. In our society everything is grouped into a specific category. Grouping is taught to us at a very young age, our parents emphasize that objects are characterized in a similar fashion. We have a predetermined mindset that everything should be grouped together. However, stereotypes are not useful in many ways; for example, they can range from harming a person’s self worth to feeding hate crimes. It generates hatred among people and society. Stereotypes are very general and do not account for the enormous bulk of people in the particular group. Races are classified on job and college applications. Occasionally just four categories like, “White”, “Hispanic”, “Asian”, and “Other” are given, whereas many additional races fall between those categories. White can mean German, Hispanic can mean Puerto Rican or Mexican. Then there is “Other”, which can refer to many nationalities not accounted for in the other selections. The only way to change stereotyping is to allow diversity into everyday life. I believe race, ethnicity, and gender can affect one’s behavior because we are social individuals as we have a natural need to play by the accepted rules. Individuals have a gradual tendency to conduct oneself in a way that has been thriving in any culture...
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...later adulthood, reaching their “golden years”, are faced with social, physical and mental changes. These changes affect them in every area of their lives. Moving from adult to the category of “senior citizen”, can be a difficult transition for many people. The age of 65 has usually been cited as the dividing line between middle age and old age (Santrock, 2008). It is during this crucial age that people will begin to experience life changes, it is important to note that there are resources, tools that can be used to make this transition easier for both the client and the family. There is a very permanent stereotype that assumes that because a person is reaching older age, they are in both physical and metal decline. This is not necessarily true, as there are people that can live independently well into later adulthood, without ongoing medical care or supervision. Older adults will be subject to discrimination by others, especially in the workforce, they are deemed to be slower and with dwindling critical thinking capabilities, this stereotype perpetuates discrimination in the workforce. Aging adults can also fall victim to increased levels of crime. Others may take advantage of them, as they, along with children, are some of the most vulnerable in our community. There is another set of aging adults who are under difficult circumstance and do need extra help and assistance in order for them to move forward with everyday tasks like caring for their own personal hygiene, dressing...
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...Topic: Racism Racism - Boundless Open Textbook. (2015, July 21). Retrieved February 07, 2016, from https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/race-79/racism-473-3288/ This website provides straightforward information on racism and how it applies to sociology. It discusses racism as a social fact and covers individual, structural, cultural, and historical racism. Racism is when discrimination occurs based solely on inherent traits in a racial group. This site is useful because it provides a foundation for information on racism and key term while giving you a general overview and helps you understand other resources better. I could see the control theory working with some of the content of this source, while it’s purely informational source it contains the fact the racism can be deliberate and that given the opportunity that people will have racist thoughts or actions eventually. One thing that is missing in this source is that it lacks clear examples on the outcomes of racism. It clearly defines it and shows the responses to racism like affirmative action but it fails to show any type of real world actions. This is related to sociology because of lists key points and facts about racism. Racism has a larger effect on the population and society. Eckholm, E. (2008, May 05). Racial Disparities Found to Persist as Drug Arrests Rise. Retrieved February 07, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/us/05cnd-disparities...
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...man. In some scenarios that police face everyday a womans mind may think differently then a mans. Woman use different parts of their brain and estrogen and testosterone make the brain work differently. Estrogen influences performance on tests of fine motor skills and spatial ability. Women can be in the police force but they...
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...PS 102 Assignment #2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the shortcuts we use in social cognition? Illustrate your answer with empirical studies. The majority of us care about what people think of us and nearly all of us care about understanding other people and their behaviour. Social Cognition is something that explains both these processes. (Fiske & Taylor 2013) Social Cognition is concerned with how we think about the social world and in particular how we select, interpret, and use information to make judgements about the world. (Sanderson 2010) Sometimes there is unlimited information available for an individual to make a life decision. This makes it time consuming and complex, causing people to take shortcuts to make decisions/judgements. On the other hand, there might be very little data available for a person to make a judgement about someone or a life decision. This would also lead to people taking shortcuts in social cognition. While these shortcuts are helpful in many situations, they can also lead to many errors and biases. In 1974, Tversky and Kahneman detailed heuristics which are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems with limited data and make judgements quickly. Heuristics are integral in daily life to save time and reduce the complexity of operations. An example of a relatively simple heuristic is reading the headlines of a newspaper on a busy day and deciding which articles to read. (Fiske & Taylor 2013) There are various...
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...Frito Bellevue English 101 Mr.Maslonka Theory of stereotyping Stereotyping is a form of pre judgment that is as prevalent in today's society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorization is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a 'depressing dilemma'. Brown's (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the 'holding of derogatory social attitudes or cognitive beliefs, the expression of negative affect, or the display of hostile or discriminatory behavior towards members of a group on account of their membership to that group'. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyche's within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as 'thinking ill of others without warrant', is that people 'make their mind up' without any personal experience. This pre judgment about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatization of any individuals in that group. It is these ideas that the essay aims to evaluate, through the cognitive process of categorization and the above definitions that bring about three distinct features of stereotyping...
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...The two readings this week discusses the importance of examining the limitations of service learning and the need to be critical of the services provided by student. Morton criticises the widely used Starfish Hurling story where a young individual attempts to help washed up starfishes. He considers it a miseducative analogy that simplifies the intricacies of human agency or in this case the starfish, who has no voice or say in the matter of being hurled back into the sea. In conclusion, Morton finds more merit in community service and communication between the parties involved, than individual acts of kindness without dialogue between service recipients and providers. Eby reiterates a similar position highlighting that students may learn from the service learning however; he is critical of the effectiveness of the service provided on a structural level. He points to potential negative effects of service learning such as blaming individuals, neglect in mutual communication and autonomy of recipients being compromised. He points out that a good design in service learning would include balancing the agency of the primary stakeholders which consists of the students, faculty, educational institution, service recipients, community agencies and the communities involved. Firstly, Morton’s piece reminded me of Johnson’s piece on Privilege and Oppression we discussed last week. The one thing that stood out to me was Morton’s criticism of the narrative of individual acts of kindness by...
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...#4 1 Grand Canyon University: SPE-226 October 5, 2013 Different Kinds of Disabilities There are several different types of disabilities a child may have. There are disabilities such as intellectual disabilities, autism, severe disabilities, and multiple disabilities. All disabilities are different. They have different cause and may have different effects on the students learning. Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual disability by definition is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practice skills. This disability originates before the age of 18 (aaid.org). Intelligence tests are given to gauge if a person has an intellectual disability. Another test used is adaptive behavior scales. Students are observed to see if they have the ability to act appropriately in social situations and if they have the ability to take care of their personal needs (i.e. hygiene). Using both tests, a person can be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, which can be described as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Intellectual disabilities may occur for a number of reasons. Although the causes are not always known, there are a few known causes such as sociocultural influences, biomedical factors, behavioral factors and unknown prenatal influences (Hardman, Drew & Egan 2011). Students with intellectual disabilities usually read on a reading level that is lower than that...
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...As a child, I became very accustomed to spending certain time periods with my parents. During these periods work was always set aside. My father and I frequently read the newspaper or other materials together, and my mother and I frequently played with my dolls and other feminine things. My father and I were very close to one another. The times we spent together were exceptionally important to me. One of the most special thing my father and I did together was the learning I did with him. He taught me to play sports, to enjoy nature, and to enjoy the art of discovery. I was enthralled by my mother’s role in my life as well because we did things that were typical of other females my age, but those things simply didn’t seem as fun or enjoyable as the things my father and I did when we spent time together. I thoroughly enjoyed playing softball, football, and basketball. I also enjoy hiking, camping, and swimming at the lake. There was nothing as important to me as being outside and doing traditional male activities because they came natural to me. Furthermore, my mother seemed to be trying too hard to capture my interest in things such as dolls, dress-up, and other female things that simply were a bore to me. I merely enjoyed my time with her because it was her way of trying to bond with me, but my real enjoyment came when I could be outside doing some activity. There was never a chance that I would be bored outside. I clearly remember as a child the first time my father taught me...
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...Association. It is a classification of mental disorders which offers a common language and classification of mental disorders. It is used by the medical profession, researchers, pharmaceutical companies and health insurers. The fifth edition was published in 2013. DSM 4 divided each psychiatric diagnosis into five dimensions or axes, each one relating to different aspects of disorder or disability. AXIS I: Clinical Disorders (all mental disorders except Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation) Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Axis III: General Medical Conditions (must be connected to a Mental Disorder) Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems (for example limited social support network) Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (Psychological, social and job-related functions are evaluated on a continuum between mental health and extreme mental disorder) The fifth edition has simplified this classification into three sections rather than the multiaxial system, but there has been much criticism of the new edition with doubts been thrown as to its impartiality, resulting in a petition calling for an outside review of DSM 5. In Europe there is a tendency to favour the I.C.D. as a means of classifying mental illnesses. The International Classification of Diseases (I.C.D.) is an international standard diagnostic classification for all diseases. It is published by the World Health organisation and to date has been revised ten times. The I.C.D....
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...Sociology and Family Family is the most important social institution in sociology today, as it helps to identify all human societies. Families are developed in different genre of society and can be defined as “a basic social unit consisting of parent(s) and their children, considered as a group of people living together or not. A typical family consists of a mother, father and their unmarried child or children. Today, families are separated into categories such as a single-parent families, stepfamilies, adopted families, grandparents or uncles or aunts raising another sibling child or children, and parents raising adult kids due to them moving back home or in need of the help to remain home; not to mention gay/lesbian couples are now allowed to have a family. Due to the uniqueness of every family, there will be some kind of similarities among the other. Whichever family type it is, one will find different perspectives as it relates to a family institution. In this paper, you will read about how the three society theories: functionalism, conflict and social interaction affect and the effect it has on families. You will also gain knowledge to find that social institutions are the results of social actions and also the causes of social actions. Families can be seen as a norm in a social relationship. This tradition is conducted and reinforced by religion, politicians, mass media and other indoctrinated natives. The diversity of a family structure has changed over the...
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...Social Distance The Missing Link in the Loop of Movies, Destination Image, and Tourist Behavior? Journal of Travel Research Volume 47 Number 4 May 2009 494-507 © 2009 SAGE Publications 10.1177/0047287508326534 http://jtr.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com Asli D. A. Tasci The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Visual information, especially delivered through movies, is believed to have an influence on destination image and consumer behavior. Based on the theory that knowledge about an object might cause feelings toward the object, visual information through movies can be assumed to affect not only destination image but also social distance between groups and, thus, to affect tourist behavior regarding the destination. With a quasi-experimental design, this study investigates if there is a relationship between visual information from movies and consumer-behavior variables, including destination image, destination desirability, visit intention, and social distance, taking Turkey as a case in point and a promotional movie as the stimuli. Results provide partial support for potential impact of movies on the consumer-behavior variables included in this study. Implications and future research suggestions are provided. Keywords: A destination image; visual information; social distance; stereotypical image; Turkey mong the several factors that impact destination image, the influential role of information provided by the visual media, such as movies, has been empirically...
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...Rethinking the Regional Novel In the previous chapters, I have discussed the polemics of the regional novel during the course of its evolution as a special category. An attempt was made there to trace their development in the British, Indian, and Telugu literary traditions. The British regional novel is a different phenomenon from that of the regional novel in India. Yet, there have been some important continuities in the genre. Preoccupations with landscape as also with identity conflicts have continued as distinctive components of the regional novel. As the introduction discusses, such developments are partly products of the socioeconomic milieu of the writers. In this concluding section, I return to that assertion and draw together some observations, discussions and arguments to offer my views on what might actually have gone into the making of the regional novel. Firstly, I review the major queries regarding the nature of the "region" and the "regional novel" that have cropped up during the course of the thesis and consider how they might be explained. "There is no universally accepted definition of the region," observes Norton Ginsberg, (qtd. in Cohn 101) The study comes out with the hypothesis that the "region" cannot be given one particular identity and definition. When we come across labels like Regional College of Education, Regional Engineering College, etc, we are bound to associate the region with something local and inferior as opposed to the National and the...
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...The everyday worker has never had an easy time trying to fit in with the rest of society, and this includes the people in charge of their businesses and even government for which they work. Working class citizens, more than not, had no choice in whether or not to work, in most cases they became thrust into positions because their family needed the money to survive. Socially this class of people had no other choice in what to do, because they did not have the opportunity to escape the clutches of their social class. The laborers of history showed time and time again that trying to escape the class was one of the hardest and most difficult endeavors to undertake. Social factors led to the men working in the printing shop of Jacques Vincent to have a workers revolt in which they were to kill their bosses cat (Workers Revolt: The Great Cat Massacre of the Rue Saint-Severin, Darnton, 75). Cultural...
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