...Unit 3 Case Study 5454 unread replies.5454 replies. Bellow you will find a clinical case study. The case study starts with a description of a patients’ medical history, followed by discussion question/s. First, you have to analyze the medical history of the patient. As you read the patient’s information: * Highlight any risk factors that might exist, existing medical conditions, present signs and symptoms or complains that the patient is suffering from. * Analyze the results of any diagnostic tests that were performed. Diagnostic tests include, physical exams, blood test, radiologic tests (x-ray, CT scans, etc.), and other functional tests. * Relate the medical treatment used to the underlying pathology. * Propose clinical management plan for the patient’s condition, and possible prognosis. You are encouraged to discuss the cases with other students and in groups, however, each student should submit the analysis of the case study in their own words through discussions. Students should submit their case study through the “Discussion” link AND the “Turnitin Dropbox” link for that case study available on the course’s main page. If you fail to submit your case study through both links your case study will not be graded. Turnitin is an automated system which instructors can use to quickly and easily compare each student's assignment with billions of web sites, as well as an enormous database of student papers that grows with each submission.Accordingly, you...
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...consequences. Therefore, the APN must be diligent in diagnosing and treating any patient that presents with signs of either of these disease processes. For the purpose of this discussion, I will evaluate a case study and present differential diagnoses. I will identify unique characteristics for the primary diagnosis and explain a plan for the treatment and management for the disorder, including any medications and appropriate dosages. Lastly, I will discuss education strategies for the patient and families to aid in caring for their child. My case study is that of an 18-month-old male that presents with a three-day history of upper respiratory symptoms. The mother reports that the illness has gotten worse over the last eight hours. His fever was 103.2 degrees Fahrenheit at the highest. He is becoming fussier. The parent also states that he drank juice today and vomited and he is not drinking. His abdominal exam is...
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...bacterium is important because the severity of illness and the treatment differ. “In the United States, about 4,100 cases of bacterial meningitis, including 500 deaths, occurred each year between 2003–2007”. (Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL, 2011). Meningitis can be caused by a variety of organism, but bacterial meningitis is caused by three bacteria with complex code names: 1. Haemophilus influenzae type b, (Hib) 2. Pneumococcus (noo-muh-KAHK-us) 3. Meningococcus (meh-NIN-juh-KAHK-us) Hib goes for the 2 month olds to 3 year olds. Pneumococcus hits infants, toddlers, and elderly people hardest. Meningococcus targets children younger than 1 year old. Cause Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, but new vaccines being given to all children as part of their routine immunizations have reduced the occurrence of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae. (www.cdc.gov, 2010) Hib meningitis can cause: pneumonia, and throat swelling, and can literally infect the blood, bones, joints, and the covering of the heart. It can cause blindness, deafness, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and death. About 5 percent of kids who get Hib meningitis die even if they get treatment. Pneumococcus causes: high fever, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and mental confusion. Meningococcus symptoms can start suddenly. Within a few short hours...
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...Case Study on Neural Function This is the second case study that is required for the class. Please submit a paper (doesn’t have to be long; you could even give me bullet-point answers to the questions listed below) that answers all of the questions posed after Case Study 1. I have included an easy second case study which, if you complete it, will be worth extra credit. Answers to the first Case Study are worth 25 points and responding to Case Study 1 is required work for the course. The extra credit, which is not required, will be worth a total of 10 points. Both are due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, November 18, 2014. Case 1 M.G. is an 8-year-old boy who has been brought to the emergency department by his parents with a fever of 104º F, lethargy, headache, and stiff neck. Laboratory analysis of a spinal tap demonstrates increased white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Discussion Questions 1. What is the most likely cause of M.G.’s signs and symptoms? What is the origin and pathogenesis? What other laboratory findings would be consistent with this etiology? * Meningitis is the likey cause. Usually a bacterial infection. 2. What are common complications of this disorder, and how would one assess for their occurrence? 3. What is the usual treatment for this disorder? Case 2 J.S. is a 72-year-old woman with a long history of atherosclerosis. One afternoon, her grandson found her sitting in a chair staring blankly into...
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...Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhages are more common than the public realizes. Asubarachnoid hemorrhageis a hemorrhage into the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and pia membranes on the surface of the brain.Trauma is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Some causes are vehicle accidents, aneurisms, sports, and falls. Some signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, impaired consciousness, loss of consciousness, and seizures. There are various ways of diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhages among these are MRI, LP, and CT scans. Once discovered a subarachnoid hemorrhage needs to be treated right away. The most important part of treatment is time. The patient’s body must be allowed to attempt to heal on its own. If the hemorrhage does not stop on its own within 24 hours, surgery will be required. People who are conscious and demonstrate few neurologic symptoms when they reach medical help have the best outcome. There are many long term conditions that the individual will have to live with upon survival from fatigue to living in a vegetative state. Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhages, so it follows that efforts to prevent head injury would prevent these hemorrhages. A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a hemorrhage into the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and pia membranes on the surface of the brain....
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...Assessment type 2: Outcome Topic: How prevalent is neck pain among teenagers? What are the leading factors causing it? 1. Introduction In recent decades, the low-aging tendency of neck pain, as a newly-emerging issue, is drawing increasing attention throughout the world. A specialist reviewed the fact through an interview that a large number of students are tending to suffer from neck pain with the popularization of computers as well as the growing loads of study. Whereas, specific research on teenager neck pain seems to be vague, clear clues have not shown to the public. Over the last 5 months, the research conducted in this area has worked out the conclusion that improper living habits are threatening teenagers’ health of their neck. Detailed information about the prevalence and causing factors for the disease are displayed in this report. 2. Definition of teenage neck pain Neck pain, which is called (cervical) spondylosis in medical term, is a kind of spinal compression attributes to the degeneration of disks and joints in the vertebrae. Unlike the pain in front of the neck, symptoms of neck pain usually behave as headaches, dizziness, and neck stiffness -- which sometimes radiates to the shoulders and limbs and thus lead to the feeling of weakness, numbness and pain (Penick, 2010). Compared to that among the elderly, neck pain among teenagers has some slight differences, chronic diseases like osteoporosis and HIVD (Herniation of intervertebral disc)...
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...of the parent all through out there life. When a parent is dying it is best for the child to be removed. When a child is removed it’s least likely for them to suffer from stress and the emotional attachment with the death of the parent. Almost all kids that loose a parent are hyperactivity. Hyperactivity comes from the children wanting opposite of death. When we explain death to a child you usually say mom and daddy are sleeping for a long time and not going to wake up. So the child takes it as if I sleep I’m not going to wake up so this causes an increase in hyperactivity so the child does not feel like they’re going to die. The best way for this not to happen is actually to explain death. But in some cases it shows that some children mimic death and suffer from stiff necks and joints. Every stage of life is effected in infants it shows when the parents die they have a loss of walking, talking, responsiveness, and object relations. It improves over long years of physically therapy. With toddlers death doesn’t interfere with any of the child’s functions. The reason for that is because their on two...
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...INTRODUCTION Bacterial meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes lining the brain and spinal cord. In a recent survey by the Hib and Pneumococcal Working Group, the incidence of meningitis in 2000 varied from regions across the world. The overall incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was 17 cases per 100,000, with the highest incidence in Africa at 38 cases per 100,000 and the lowest incidence in Europe at 6 cases per 100,000. The overall death rate was 10 cases per 100,000. The highest death rate was 28 cases per 100,000 in Africa, and the lowest death rates were 3 cases per 100,000 in Europe and Western Pacific regions. (Hom, 2009) Bacterial meningitis more frequently occurs in black and Hispanic children. This is thought to be related to socioeconomic rather than racial factors The brain and spinal cord are remarkably resistant to infection, but when they become infected, the consequences are usually very serious. Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and occasionally protozoa or parasites. The most common type of CNS infection is Bacterial Meningitis which is characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes lining the brain and spinal cord. (Hom, 2009. Almost any bacteria entering the body can cause meningitis. The most common are meningococci (Neisseria meningitidis), pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumonia), and Haemophilus influenza. Thtese organisms are often present in the nasopharynx. S. pneumonia and N....
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...Epidemiology is the study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention health maintenance, and health protection (Lewis, 2011). In addition to that, it focuses on relationships among an agent a host, and an environment. Their interactions determine the development and cessation of communicable diseases, and they form a web of causality, which increases or decreases the risk of disease (Lewis, 2011).One of the communicable diseases that cause a great fear nowadays throughout the world is HIV. The layout of the paper focuses on the descriptions, demographics, health determinants and role of the community health nurse. Good intro Description of Communicable Disease HIV is a fragile virus. It can only be transmitted under specific conditions that allow contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk (Lewis, Sharon, 2011). Transmission of HIV occurs through sexual intercourse with an infected partner, exposure to HIV infected blood or blood products and perinatal transmission during pregnancy at delivery, or through breastfeeding (Lewis, Sharon, 2011). Causes The HIV is a RNA virus. RNA virus are called retroviruses (Lewis, Sharon, 2011). Like all viruses, HIV cannot replicate unless it is inside a living cell. Initial infection with HIV results in large amounts of virus in the blood. HIV infects human cells with CD4 receptors on their surfaces. Immune dysfunction in HIV disease is predominantly the result of damage...
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...RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 36. Barnett, T. P., Dumenil, L., Schlese, U., Roeckner, E. and Latif, M., The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, 46, 661–685. 37. Douville, H. J. and Royer. F., Sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to an anomalous Eurasian snow cover within the Meteo-France GCM. Climate Dyn., 1996, 12, 449–466. 38. Yadava, M. G., Ramesh, R. and Pant, G. B., Past monsoon rainfall variations in peninsular India recorded in a 331-year-old speleothem. Holocene, 2004, 14, 517–524. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We thank Dr N. C. Mehrotra, Director, BSIP, Lucknow for encouragement and permission to publish this work. We also thank the officials of Perambikulam Forest Division, Kerala for permission and for providing the necessary facilities during collection of teak samples. We are grateful to IMD, New Delhi for providing the meteorological data. Generation of MVA data through image analysis was done in the laboratory of the Wood Biology, Department of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Germany through funding under the INSA/DFG Scientist Exchange Programme. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of this paper. Received 30 October 2006; revised accepted 8 August 2007 Ethogram of courtship and mating behaviour of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor Bhagyarekha N. Pandav, Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag* and Srinivas K. Saidapur Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India An...
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...Schizophrenia During the early twentieth century schizophrenia was described as a breakdown of integration among emotion, thought, and action. Schizophrenia only attacks one percent of individuals, and your race, culture, ethnicity, or background has no effect on whether you will develop this disease. Schizophrenia usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood, there are rare cases that it starts after this point. “The symptoms and treatment for schizophrenia are difficult to define.” (Heinrichs,2005; Krueger and Markon, 2006) Some of the following are common symptoms, not all of them appear in each person who is diagnosed. The symptoms are so random and rare that if a symptom appears more than once in a month, then you have grounds to determine that the subject has schizophrenia. (Tamminga and Holcomb, 2005; Walker et al, 2004): Delusions- Feeling as if there is someone or some other force controlling you, you feel as if someone is trying to persecute you, and a positive of the delusional group is feeling grandeaur. Inappropriate Effect- Not being able to give off the correct or thought to be correct amount of emotion to a positive or a negative situation. Hallucinations- Hearing voices that are not actually there, the voices telling you what to do or how awful of a person you are. Incoherent thought- Not thinking logically, belief in supernatural forces. Odd behavior- Being catatonic, lack of personal hygiene, constant talking in rhymes, echolalia...
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...Some parents will use fever-reducing drugs such as acetaminophen at the first indication of fever, but there are no studies proving this type of drug will reduce risks of seizures. There is always a question of safety when giving medications to young children. It may be a better option to give the child plenty of fluids and ensure he/she is appropriately dressed—not overdressed. Rarely, doctors will prescribe anticonvulsant medication. Prolonged daily use of such medications are not recommended due to side effects and questionable effectiveness in prevention. Rescue or abortive medications, such as Diazepam and Klonopin are prescribed most often. Rectal Diazepam (Diastat) may lower the risk of febrile seizures if taken at time of fever. 9 This medication is usually well tolerated. Occasionally the child can experience drowsiness, lack of coordination, and hyperactivity...
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...Epidemiology Paper- Chicken Pox Grand Canyon University Community/Public Health Nursing NRS-427V August 8, 2015 Chicken Pox or Varicella is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus that causes a blister like itchy rash all over the body. The rash is the disclosing indication of chicken pox (Mayo Clinic 2015). While signs and symptoms of chicken pox will usually appear one to two days prior to the rash, the rash itself will last from five to ten days. The symptoms that appear before the rash are headache, fever, general malaise, cough and loss of appetite. There are three phases of rash once it appears; Phase 1 red or pink papules all over the body for several days; Phase 2 The papules turn into vesicles or fluid filled blisters for the period of one day, the vesicles then break and leak; Phase 3 the vesicles scab and become crusted over then take a few more days to heal. There is the possibility to have all three phases of the disease (papules, vesicles and scabs) appearing at one time, as the papules in the beginning, tend to appear for several days. If one is infected with chicken pox, the virus can be spread for 48 hours prior to breaking out in the papules. The patient will then stay contagious until all of the vesicles have scabbed over (Mayo Clinic 2015). The disease itself is mild for most people, but a vaccination is available and a very effective and safe way to prevent chicken pox and its complications. Varicella spreads very...
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...The Trash He looked out of the dirty window, which was covered with fingerprints and dead insects all over. He was sweating in the torn shirt he had put on this morning, before his long journey back to Denmark. He was already excited about his next lunch, rye bread with liver pâté and beetroot, just the way he liked it, just the way he knew it. It reminded him, that he had to go to the grocery before they closed. He had sold his house to fulfill the dream of his life; to become a tour-guide in Africa together with his best friend. His friend, Lasse Henriksen, left back home the week before, when he received a call from his mother, telling him that his dad was found shot on Nørrebrø. Lasse’s dad was a cop, recently celebrating his 30-year anniversary on the force. Lasse had to make it to the funeral, and support his family during the hard time. He hadn’t heard from Lasse since. He had tried reaching him on his cell, but with no luck. Wednesday d. 16th of April 15.09 o’clock Smallville Sigurd was pulled out of his thoughts, when the bus driver announced the final stop threw the speakers of the bus. Sigurd dragged his luggage out of the backdoor of the bus, and the bus went on along the empty and quiet road. He inhaled the fresh air, and felt his stomach sizzling of joy. He finally had reached his destination after a long journey. He had rented a weekend cottage in the edge of the small town of Smallville in the Northern part of Sjælland. He found the description of...
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...Narrative The First Epidemics: Poliomyelitis has a root meaning: “polio” (gray) and “myelitis” (marrow). Its Latin suffix “itis” is describing the inflammation that occurs and “polio” means there is an enteric infection, which is a virus. A virus is a small infectious agent that can reproduce inside a many living organisms. With the polio virus it attacks various nervous cells and in some cases it can even sometimes affect the central nervous system. Virus could not be seen until the late 1930s when the electronic microscope was invented. So it was very difficult for people to result these kinds of diseases. The polio virus attacks the body by entering the mouth and then traveling into the digestive tract. It is then excreted through stool....
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