...Iaeudyfgioerjhsdgklasd;fkyyyyyguitvbeoitvbuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuueopwbn oserituboew orituoieruotyb uyrouyo rouyoriuyero roituyeroiuy7o oruyo neoruybw0ruy 0wrt9uy rtuyworiuy b0riuyowperiybn ri5uyrowei wr09tuywe4oy w0rtuyei9ry6t94p 9guyoeir 9r8rtu oey riu 8ory 9eroiugjeuorg oerug eori 79eoeri r8tyg rtetym ryjhdfym m h ry uer y5 356 uy7 67 u rt y yt ui ertu tu7 er y er6uy t I bh gufy gtyd trdseyrw cvrbfuytdestf yugtrdrdtyhguh g6duytgiujhuioy yrytguijhiojuigut uhoijiujiytuv ugiojuioguyrfty oihuyfytghujoljm oguyguihoi jigijiop jtfuytfrt5 ertyf deree ws 5rgy u The Knight The Knight rides at the front of the procession described in the General Prologue, and his story is the first in the sequence. The Host clearly admires the Knight, as does the narrator. The narrator seems to remember four main qualities of the Knight. The first is the Knight’s love of ideals—“chivalrie” (prowess), “trouthe” (fidelity), “honour” (reputation), “fredom” (generosity), and “curteisie” (refinement) (General Prologue, 45–46). The second is the Knight’s impressive military career. The Knight has fought in the Crusades, wars in which Europeans traveled by sea to non-Christian lands and attempted to convert whole cultures by the force of their swords. By Chaucer’s time, the spirit for conducting these wars was dying out, and they were no longer undertaken as frequently. The Knight has battled the Muslims in Egypt, Spain, and Turkey, and the Russian Orthodox in Lithuania and Russia. He has also fought in formal...
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...What was going on in the church before the reformation era took place: Many things were happening behind peoples back one being abuses of indulgence. Some priest and bishops were giving indulgences to people for a price of money. Some brothers and sister claimed that they were authorised by the pope to forgive all sins. They took the money from people who believed in them and respected them, they promised them they would go the heaven and have happiness in their lives. An indulgence is the extra-sacramental remission of the temporal punishment due, in God's justice, to sin that has been forgiven, which remission is granted by the Church in the exercise of the power of the keys, through the application of the superabundant merits of Christ and of the saints, and for some just and reasonable motive. The practice ended up becoming a concoction of evil and corruption; it was almost like they were buying their way into heaven. The years leading up to the reformation were indulgences very popular Martin Luther’s ideas of the church and what he taught: When martin Luther found out that pope Leo x and the archbishop of Mainz were selling indulgences for the construction of St Peters basilica in Rome he objected. He was against fooling people that they could buy their way out of sins without any faith what so ever. These people would believe that they were going to Heaven when in fact they would go to Hell. How could they be repentant when self-loathing and self-disgust was needed...
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...The Protestant Reformation officially began in 1517 when Martin Luther challenged the Roman Church. Martin Luther gave his ninety-five theses, that’s when The Reformation bought people to America, and The Reformation also helped establish the Constitution of the United States. The 16th century was given by God to be the time of reformation, and had prepared the Church in many ways for this reformation. Religious, economic and political factors. There were also groups outside the Roman Church that opposed the Church. Dozens of Protestant denominations were born of the Reformation. Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of Christ, and Mormons would influence the American Protestant Reformation. The Reformation was the greatest religious...
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...earnings to the church. This was called tithing, the people were asked to pay a 10th of income, crops, seeds, or livestock. * The church also convinced its people that they would either go to heaven, hell or purgatory after death. Purgatory was believed to be a place that the soul went to after death if one wasn’t condemned to hell and wasn’t a firm enough believer in god to go to heaven. So the person’s soul would remain in purgatory until his or her soul was purified. The important part to this was the more prayers the person received while in purgatory the faster there souls were purified. So people would buy what they called indulgences with money and in return the church would reduce the time they spent in purgatory. This was another tactic used by the church to increase its wealth and dominance. * PS 1…Tetzel’s Sermon on Preaching Indulgences How many mortal sins are committed in a day… , and those that commit them must needs suffer endless punishment in the burning pains of Purgatory. * Luther, The Ninety-Five Theses (1517) . Our Lord and Master Jesus Christ in saying "Repent ye," etc., intended that the whole life of believers should be penitence. * I believe the church was able to maintain its dominance for so long because of its ability manipulate the words of the bible. People believed they feared god by following the churches orders but it was the church that they were so...
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...only God could grant salvation by his holy grace. The Catholic Church had taught during the Middle Ages that salvation was only possible through good works, works of righteousness, or good deeds that was pleasing to God. Martin Luther studied Augustine’s writings and came to the conclusion and shared in “Augustine’s two central beliefs, which would later form the basis of Protestantism” (A & E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). During this time, “the Catholic Church's practice of granting "indulgences" to provide absolution to sinners became increasingly corrupt” (A & E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). The selling of Indulgences had been banned in Germany, but the church kept doing it with no consequences. Thus, enter Martin Luther. He saw this practice as immoral and corrupt. He also saw priest doing things that sinners do and that some were getting rich as the church was being decorated with expensive and lavish items, which was purchased with the money taken in from indulgences. He knew that any of the practices by the church had anything to do with salvation, which inspired him to write his 95 Theses that outlined his issues with the Catholic...
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...“So Cute I Could Eat It Up”: Priming Effects of Cute Products on Indulgent Consumption GERGANA Y. NENKOV MAURA L. SCOTT This article examines the extent to which consumers engage in more indulgent consumption when they are exposed to whimsically cute products and explores the process by which such products affect indulgence. Prior research on kindchenschema (baby schema) has found that exposure to cute babies or baby animals leads to more careful behavior (see the study by Sherman, Haidt, and Coan), suggesting restraint. The present research uncovers the opposite: consumers become more indulgent in their behavior after exposure to whimsically cute products. Drawing from research on cognitive priming, kindchenschema, anthropomorphization, indulgence, and regulatory focus, this research posits that exposure to whimsically cute products primes mental representations of fun, increasing consumers’ focus on approaching self-rewards and making consumers more likely to choose indulgent options. These effects do not emerge for kindchenschema cute stimuli, since they prime mental representations of vulnerability and caretaking. Four empirical studies provide evidence for the proposed effects and their underlying process. C ompanies market a rapidly increasing number and variety of cute products across numerous categories, targeting not only children but also adult consumers. The marketplace is replete with cute clothing, utensils, appliances, foods, office supplies, and...
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...“So Cute I Could Eat It Up”: Priming Effects of Cute Products on Indulgent Consumption GERGANA Y. NENKOV MAURA L. SCOTT This article examines the extent to which consumers engage in more indulgent consumption when they are exposed to whimsically cute products and explores the process by which such products affect indulgence. Prior research on kindchenschema (baby schema) has found that exposure to cute babies or baby animals leads to more careful behavior (see the study by Sherman, Haidt, and Coan), suggesting restraint. The present research uncovers the opposite: consumers become more indulgent in their behavior after exposure to whimsically cute products. Drawing from research on cognitive priming, kindchenschema, anthropomorphization, indulgence, and regulatory focus, this research posits that exposure to whimsically cute products primes mental representations of fun, increasing consumers’ focus on approaching self-rewards and making consumers more likely to choose indulgent options. These effects do not emerge for kindchenschema cute stimuli, since they prime mental representations of vulnerability and caretaking. Four empirical studies provide evidence for the proposed effects and their underlying process. C ompanies market a rapidly increasing number and variety of cute products across numerous categories, targeting not only children but also adult consumers. The marketplace is replete with cute clothing, utensils, appliances, foods, office supplies, and...
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...Protestant Reformation was a noteworthy sixteenth century European development pointed first at improving the convictions and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious viewpoints were supplemented by aggressive political rulers who needed to augment their energy and control to the detriment of the Church. The Reformation finished the solidarity forced by medieval Christianity and, according to numerous students of history, showed the start of a new period. A debilitation of the old ways was at that point under path in Northern Europe, as proven by the development of flourishing new urban communities and a decided white collar class. Martin Luther disagreed with aspects of Roman Catholic religious practices, especially the sale of indulgences, religious corruption, and the emphasis on salvation through good works. In 1517, he took action by posting and distributing his ninety-five theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg and left a lasting legacy by sparking a religious movement, creating a new sect of faith, and later motivating reform to the Roman Catholic Church. That demonstration was normal scholastic routine with regards to the day and filled in as an encouragement to talk about. Luther's recommendations tested a few parts of Roman Catholic regulation and various particular practices. The development immediately picked up followers in the German expresses, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland and parts of France. Bolster originated from genuine religious reformers...
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...Early Modern Europe – Major Forces for Change There are a lot of events that shaped the history of early Europe. Our ancestors had a lot on their plate when they discovered new lands and fought new diseases. One of the early forces that had a major impact were the crusades. The Crusades were a bunch of religious wars that were called on by the Pope and the Catholic Church in order to defend Christianity against the Muslims and get closer to the holy cities and other places in ancient Palestine. So what exactly does “crusade” mean? The word comes from an old French word “crois”, which means cross (if you haven’t guessed it). The crusaders (men who take vows to fight for Christianity) were not usually under a single banner, they all attached a cross to their clothes, but joining a crusade was usually voluntarily (depending where you were from). The Lords would get a notice that the Pope has called a crusade, and if they didn’t have any local problems of their own, they would go and fight the Byzantines. But the King of a country was still the same old mean guy, and if a lord or a noble died while fighting in the crusades, his land was possessed by the king, and other nobles were so righteous that they sold off their lands in order to buy weapons and armor to fight in the crusades. Not everything was so grim, the crusaders were facing a superior force and they had to adapt, they learned for example how to use a compass or how to build better ships. And while warring with other...
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...fourth only with time!” This revered Sanskrit saying encompasses the various facets of learning. The richness of any learning experience is a blend of all these aspects in the right proportion. Their roles have an added dimension with the advances in technology. Today , children are exposed to the seductive pull of digital devices like mobiles which beep us out of sleep and checking e mail which has become a compulsion. The internet is undoubtedly expanded our connectivity and access to information. Ironically, as technology brings us closer, we have distanced ourselves from relationships, the sheer joy of reading a good book, the depth of a good friendship and our indulgence with introspection or self reflection. Emotional bonding with parents has also been eroded due to lifestyle indulgences and societal pressures. The role of a teacher is to help the children to revisit our rich tradition, analyze this democratic access to information and introduce them to the nuances of self evaluation, practical wisdom and empathy. Nurturing healthy relationships can be a window to view the garden of life. Today, in schools, we provide robust platform wherein every child is introduced to larger than life concepts which is a conscious endeavor to shape him into a fine personality. We need to just hold their hands even when they walk in the sultry heat of life or weathering the storms or step on the thorns of failure as they move on in their journey from innocence...
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...PAPER 1 – MARTIN LUTHER PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR MARK NICKENS FOR CHHI 302 – DO1 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA NOVEMBER 6, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 BIOGRAPHY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN THEOLOGICAL POINTS------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAJOR EVENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SIGNIFICANT WRITINGS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONCLUSION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Introduction It has often been stated and thought that Martin Luther was the founder and originator of the Protestant Reformation. Was Martin Luther the founder of the Protestant Reformation? The historical record reveals...
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...In the XIV century British society the Church had the power; therefore society was ruled by the religious laws. Latin was the language used in the churches, but in this epoch an important event took place: The battle for the language of the Bible. People wanted the Bible to be written in their spoken language, English, in order to make of English the language of real power. John Wycliffe was the main mover of this battle. He organised the translation of the first English Bible in Oxford. The language of this Bible was still difficult, but at least it was not Latin. Wycliffe proclaimed anti- clerical ideas and fought against the corruption of the Church. He was determined to win the battle but his ideas were hated by the Catholic and so he was condemned for heresy. At that moment, English was the language of the individual relationship with God. But the Church was not happy with what Wycliffe had proclaimed and continued to burn Bibles and people; therefore officially the Bible remained in Latin. Henry VIII played an important role in the spreading of English since he wrote many letters in this language, and these letters would later be delivered as pieces of propaganda and would spread throughout the land. He made the first stage towards the creation of a standard English that everybody could read, and his letters were seen as an example of anti- French fervour. There was a variety of dialects, but they needed a common written language so that the language would start to look...
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...The foundation principles of Protestantism were extracted from Luther’s personal encounters. Luther’s initial idea was not to reform the Catholic Church but to build up new systems, systems based on his revolutionary theological theories. Soon all of Europe was ablaze with Luther’s challenge as he was the first to address such corruption (Edwards, 2013). However, it was a spiritual problem which drove Luther to the extraordinary lengths of leading a Reformation. As a youthful monk, Luther received a thorough formation of spirituality via long hours in private prayer and spiritual reading. Nevertheless, he was uncertain where he stood with God; Lutheran spirituality is thus a spirituality of paradox (Aniol, 2010). Furthermore, Theological...
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...“So Cute I Could Eat It Up”: Priming Effects of Cute Products on Indulgent Consumption GERGANA Y. NENKOV MAURA L. SCOTT This article examines the extent to which consumers engage in more indulgent consumption when they are exposed to whimsically cute products and explores the process by which such products affect indulgence. Prior research on kindchenschema (baby schema) has found that exposure to cute babies or baby animals leads to more careful behavior (see the study by Sherman, Haidt, and Coan), suggesting restraint. The present research uncovers the opposite: consumers become more indulgent in their behavior after exposure to whimsically cute products. Drawing from research on cognitive priming, kindchenschema, anthropomorphization, indulgence, and regulatory focus, this research posits that exposure to whimsically cute products primes mental representations of fun, increasing consumers’ focus on approaching self-rewards and making consumers more likely to choose indulgent options. These effects do not emerge for kindchenschema cute stimuli, since they prime mental representations of vulnerability and caretaking. Four empirical studies provide evidence for the proposed effects and their underlying process. C ompanies market a rapidly increasing number and variety of cute products across numerous categories, targeting not only children but also adult consumers. The marketplace is replete with cute clothing, utensils, appliances, foods, office supplies, and...
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...Notes on Martin Luther (from the PBS docudrama) Driven to Defiance “I would never have thought that such a storm would rise from Rome over one simple scrap of paper...” - Martin Luther Few if any men have changed the course of history like Martin Luther. In less than ten years, this fevered German monk plunged a knife into the heart of an empire that had ruled for a thousand years, and set in motion a train of revolution, war and conflict that would reshape Western civilization, and lift it out of the Dark Ages. Luther's is a drama that still resonates half a millennium on. It's an epic tale that stretches from the gilded corridors of the Vatican to the weathered church door of a small South German town; from the barbarous pyres of heretics to the technological triumph of printing. It is the story of the birth of the modern age, of the collapse of medieval feudalism, and the first shaping of ideals of freedom and liberty that lie at the heart of the 21st century. But this is also an intensely human tale, a story that hurtles from the depths of despair to the heights of triumph and back again. This is the story of a man who ultimately found himself a lightning conductor of history, crackling with forces he could not quite comprehend or control. For Luther, in a life full of irony, would find himself overwhelmed by his own achievements. As his followers sought to build a new and just Europe around him, he could only turn on them in frustration, declaring that his...
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