...Killer Cancer is known as an unbiased killer that knows no race, age or sex of its victims. Doctor Nader (n.d.) states, “The disease lung cancer is known as the number one cause of cancer related deaths in the United States.” (Lung Cancer Information). Lung cancer takes millions of lives each year, sometimes without the slightest warning. According to "The Green Sanctuary" (2009), “Cancer may often be discovered during a routine chest X-ray or CT scan as a small solitary mass.” (What is Lung Cancer?). There are various stages of lung cancer; its treatment options and effects of the disease can impact the individual and their loved ones in many ways. There are many options offered for people diagnosed with lung cancer. Many times when people are faced with something as serious as a deadly cancer, they may not know where to begin to look for help. The effect lung cancer has on an individual is defined by the severity of the cancerous symptoms and the treatment options chosen. As stated in "The Green Sanctuary" (2009), " Symptoms of lung cancer vary depending on where and how widespread the tumor is. Warning signs of lung cancer are not always present or easily identified” (What is Lung Cancer?). In the words of Doctor A. Wax (2005-2012), “A person with lung cancer may have no symptoms, nonspecific symptoms, symptoms related to the cancer or even symptoms related to metastasis.” (Understanding Lung Cancer-Diagnosis and Treatment). Most...
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...Overview Hypercalcemia is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder associated with neoplastic diseases, occurring in an estimated 10% to 20% of all adults with cancer. It also occurs in children with cancer, but with much less frequency (approximately 0.5%–1%).[1-3] Solid tumors (such as lung or breast cancer tumors) as well as certain hematologic malignancies (particularly multiple myeloma) are most frequently associated with hypercalcemia.[4] Although early diagnosis followed by hydration and treatment with agents that decrease serum calcium concentrations (hypocalcemic drugs) can produce symptomatic improvements within a few days, diagnosis may be complicated because symptoms may be insidious at onset and can be confused with those of many malignant and nonmalignant diseases. However, diagnosis and timely interventions not only are lifesaving in the short term but also may enhance the patient’s compliance with primary and supportive treatments and may improve quality of life.[5] When a patient has a refractory, widely disseminated malignancy for which specific therapy is no longer being pursued, the patient may want to consider withholding therapy for hypercalcemia. For patients or families who have expressed their wishes regarding end-of-life issues, this may represent a preferred timing and/or mode of death (as compared with a more prolonged death from advancing metastatic disease). This option is best considered long before the onset of severe hypercalcemia or...
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...response causes an accumulation of leukocytes, platelets, fibrin, and fluid between the parietal and the visceral layers of the pericardial sac, thus producing a variety of symptoms, depending on the amount of fluid accumulation, how quickly it accumulates, and whether the inflammation resolves after the acute phase or becomes chronic. An acute pericardial effusion is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. The fluid accumulation interferes with cardiac function by compressing the cardiac chambers. Chronic constrictive pericarditis usually begins as an acute inflammatory pericarditis and progresses over time to a chronic, constrictive form because of pericardial thickening and stiffening. The thickened, scarred pericardium becomes nondistensible and decreases diastolic filling of the cardiac chambers and cardiac output. Chronic pericardial effusion is a gradual accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. The pericardium is slowly stretched and can accommodate more than 1 L of fluid at a time. Between 26% and 86% of people with pericarditis have illnesses that are considered idiopathic (occurring without a known cause). Pericarditis may also be classified etiologically into three broad categories: infectious pericarditis, noninfectious pericarditis, and pericarditis presumably related to hypersensitivity or autoimmunity. Infectious pericarditis may be caused by a viral infection such as the coxsackie B virus. Pyrogenic, tuberulous, mycotic, syphilitic,...
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...Disease ......................................................................................... 1 4. Castleman Signs and Symptoms.............................................................................................. 2 5. Castleman Disease Treatment and Side Effects ...................................................................... 2 6. After Castleman Disease ......................................................................................................... 3 7. References: .............................................................................................................................. 4 INDEX OF FIGURES Figure 1: Irregular Overgrowth of Cells of the Lymph System...................................................... 1 IA#2 BIG DATA AND DATA ANALYTICS 2. Castleman Disease A lot of people are unaware of or just never heard of Castleman Disease. Castleman disease (CD) is a very rare illness of the lymph nodes and related tissues. In the medical community, it is also known as "Castleman's disease, giant lymph node hyperplasia", or "agio follicular lymph node hyperplasia" (AFH). The condition was first discovered, described, and eventually named after Dr. Benjamin Castleman in the 1950s (Castleman, 2016). CD is not cancer although it is sometimes thought of as such. In contrast to cancer, it is considered a "lymphoproliferative disorder" which means there is an irregular overgrowth of cells of the lymph system...
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...According to Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary (2002), depression is an abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, emptiness, and hopelessness that are inappropriate and out of proportion to reality. Depression may be expressed in a wide spectrum of affective, physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations. A depressed teenager may be hostile, grumpy, or may easily lose his or her temper. Unexplained aches and pains are also common symptoms of depression in young people. The adolescent oncology patient may suffer from all of these symptoms due to the life altering circumstances that a cancer diagnosis brings. However, due to side effects of treatment medications sometimes makes it difficult to properly identify and diagnosis the onset of depression. Therefore, the concept of depression in the adolescent oncology patient requires a multidisciplinary analysis to examine symptoms expressed by these patients to properly identify and provide early intervention for their depression. Review of Literature Depression in adolescence and...
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...Pancreatic Cancer Karen R Lindner Wright Career College Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer occurs in approximately 29000 patients every year. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths. Worldwide, pancreatic cancer is the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in both sexes combined. There have been advancements in the perioperative management, but the 5yr survival rate remains unchanged. Surgical resection is still the only potentially curative treatment for the disease. What is Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancers can arise from both exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas. But cancers formed by the exocrine cells are more common. It is important to know if a tumor is from the exocrine or endocrine part of the pancreas. The tumors have their own signs and symptoms and are found by using different tests , are treated in different ways and have different outlooks. Exocrine tumors are most common and start in the gland cells. Endocrine tumors are less common and are known as islet cell tumors. Here are some: gastrinomas, insulinomas, glucagonomas, somatostatinomas, vipomas,ppomas. Most of these tumors are not cancer. The outlook for these is better than that of exocrine cancers. Approximately 75% of all pancreatic cancers occur within the head of neck of the pancreas, 15-20% occur in the body of the pancreas, and 5-10% occur in the tail. Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer Early pancreatic cancers often do not cause any signs...
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...profound and catch the individual off guard. Other diseases, such as pancreatic cancer, creep up on a person and go unnoticed for quite some time. The gland, also known as the pancreas, is located behind the stomach. The pancreas promotes the breakdown of food by secreting pancreatic juices and controls the hormones (insulin and glucagon) used to help control blood glucose levels (Medline Plus). When one speaks of pancreatic cancer, they are describing the development of malignant cells within the tissues of the pancreas (National Cancer Institute). For one...
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...Cervical Cancer Leilani S. Haynes Miller-Motte College Research dedicated to the memory of my late grandmother, Ms. Susie Pittman. Cervical Cancer Cancer is a disease caused when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably in any part of the body. Cervical cancer is a gender specific disease that originates in the lining of the cervix; located in the lower part of a woman’s womb. This area is called the uterus. The women affected will also face a number of other life altering challenges. These challenges include, but are not limited to, infertility. Although it is unclear what the definite cause of cervical cancer is, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is a known culprit. HPV is a very common virus among women, but not all women will develop cancer. Researchers have identified some inherited factors that can lead to the genetic connection of cervical cancer, however, it has not been scientifically proven to be a genetic disease. Although some women will skate through life without knowing or experiencing cervical cancer, it affects millions of women: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women in underdeveloped countries. Worldwide, approximately 500,000 cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year. In the United States, routine screening has decreased the incidence of cervical cancer—approximately 12,900 cases are diagnosed and 4,100 deaths occur each year. (Cervical Cancer, 2015) Knowing the...
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...90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use * Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarette * Research has shown that non-smokers who reside with a smoker have a 24% increase in risk for developing lung cancer when compared with other non-smokers. Asbestos Fibers: * Silicate fibers that can persist for a lifetime in lung tissue following exposure to asbestos * Cigarette smoking drastically increases the chance of developing an asbestos-related lung cancer in exposed workers * Living in an environment with high air pollution or working with radioactive minerals or asbestos can also increase the risk of cancer The risk factors discussed earlier can trigger changes, also called mutations, in these genes that result in cancer, inherited gene mutations are not thought to be a cause of very many lung cancers Incidence: Incidence is the total number of new cases of cancer. Mortality is the number of deaths due to cancer. It is estimated that in 2013: * 25,500 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer. This represents 14% of all new cancer cases in 2013. * 20,200 Canadians will die from lung cancer. This represents 27% of all cancer deaths in 2013. * 13,300 men will be diagnosed with lung cancer and 10,700 will die from it. * 12,200 women will be diagnosed with lung cancer and 9,500 will die from it. * On average, 70 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer every day...
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...Amanda Shaver | Anatomy & Physiology Course Project | January 24, 2015 Amanda Shaver | Anatomy & Physiology Course Project | January 24, 2015 Eitology of Lung Cancer Eitology of Lung Cancer Lung cancer: The leading cause if deaths in the United States.The estimated number of lung cancer cases worldwide has increased by 51% since 1985. Cancer of the lung and bronchus ranked 2nd in both men and women, with about 115,660 in men and 106,070 in women. Lung Cancer has surpassed breast cancer as the cause of most cancer related deaths among women. Lung cancer arises from the cells of the respiratory epithelium and can be divided into 2 categories. Small cell lung cancer or SCLC, which is a highly malignant tumor derived from cell exhibiting neuroendocrine traits and can account for 15% of the lung cancer cases that exist today. Malignant tumors can “Metastasize” or spread through a person’s body through the bloodstream. Lung cancer can metastasize early and it one of the most difficult forms of cancer to treat. SCLC often start in the chest near the bronchi, and tend to spread widely through the body fairly early in the course of the disease. The other is called Non-small cell lung cancer or also known as NSCLS, this type of cancer makes up the remaining 85% of the lung cancer cases. NSCLS is divided into 3 major subtypes: Adenocarcinoma, which are usually found in the outer parts of the lungs and tend to grow slower, and is more likely to be found...
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...General Report on Families and Children Dealing with Cancer Beverly Sylvia HCA/240 April 6, 2012 Shannon White Causes and Risk Factors When you find out your child has cancer, most parents wonder what they did wrong, what could they have done to prevent it, and often times wish they could trade places with their children. Truth of the matter is, there are probably some causes and factors that could have been changed on the parent’s part to make the possibilities of their child getting cancer less likely. Then there are those causes that no one could have stopped. Many children inherit DNA changes from their parents which can increase their risks for cancer. Since it is in a child’s DNA, then tests can be done on different cells in the child’s body to determine if they are a candidate for cancer. However, there are causes of childhood cancer that are not genetically related. “They are the result of DNA changes that happened early in the child’s life, sometimes even before birth. Every time a cell prepares to divide into 2 new cells, it must copy its DNA. This process is not perfect, and errors sometimes occur, especially when the cells are growing quickly. This type of gene mutation can happen at anytime in life and is called acquired mutation (American Cancer Society, 2012).” The American Cancer Society, also states that the “reasons for DNA changes that cause the vast majority of childhood cancers are unknown.” Prevention and Detection Of course...
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...Death in America The #2 Leading Cause of Death in America Colon cancer and lung cancer are the top two killer cancers in America. Heart disease itself is the #1 killer in America followed by cancer. Lung cancer is the first deadliest cancer. Lung cancer is the most deadly than prostate, breast, and colon cancer put together. Lung cancer is an uncontrollable growth of cells that start off in one or both lungs. As tumors become larger and they start to multiply, they complicate the lung’s job, which is toprovide the bloodstream with the proper amount of oxygen that your body needs. Lung cancer is very deadly, as it kills more than 1,370,000 people a year. Some causes are as indicated: smoking, air pollution, radon gas, prior history of lung cancer, and finally asbestos fibers. The difference between lung cancer and colon cancer is that lung cancer is caused by smoking, and air pollution. Family genes, your diet, (eating habits), and family history of the disease cause Colon cancer. If more than one family member has had the disease, they are at an even greater risk. Aside from lung cancer, colon cancer is just as deadly. Colorectal cancer, which is commonly known as colon cancer, is the second cause of cancer related deaths in women and men. Colon cancer is a type of cancer that forms inside of the cells lining, the inside of the colon, or the rectum. Over time, colon cancer may form into a massive tumor. The cancer cells enter and destroy any tissue close by. They can also break...
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...Cancer is one of the most terrifying medical conditions in the world, and it has touched nearly everyone's life in one way or another. It can affect any part of the body and there is no way to exactly predict who will or will not develop it, or when it will appear. Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer of women and men in the U.S. About 170,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. British scientist Sir Richard Doll discovered the connection between smoking and lung cancer. Doll published a study in 1950 that confirmed that "smoking was a major cause of lung cancer." Doll was knighted in 1972 for his work, which saved millions of lives. Lung cancer appears when a cycle of mutations in normal lung cells cause them to become abnormal and grow out of control. These changes can occur anywhere from the windpipe, down to the small air sacs in the area around the edge of the lungs where oxygen exchange takes place. Lung cancer is an uncontrolled, very deadly division of cells in the lung. Lung cancer is a disease where cancer cell go out of control taking over normal cells and organs cells in the body. There are two main types of lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. There are many symptoms that are hard to notice in the early stages of lung cancer. Doctor’s use special machines to identify the awfulness of each stage. Treatments and cures are different in each person case. Small cell lung...
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...In the past three decades we have seen a dramatic increase in cases of prostate cancer and other unfavorable issues related to poor prostate health. In fact, prostate cancer is the second leading type of cancer among males, affecting nearly 11 million men. In spite of the rise in prostate related health issues, treatment for these issues has remained stagnant, causing lifelong problems or even death. What is the prostate exactly? A part of the male reproductive system, the prostate helps with the production of semen. A small gland which is located below the bladder, it is roughly the shape and size of a walnut. Common health issues arising from poor prostate health: • Enlarged Prostate An enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia...
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...HPVs, which do not cause cancer but can, cause skin warts technically known as condylomata acuminata on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. High-risk HPVs can cause cancer. About over a dozen high-risk HPV types have been identified. Throughout years of research scientists, doctor, and medical staff have discovered what HPV is, how one contracts the virus, the symptoms or lack of symptoms, treatment and prevention for HPV. Contracting HPV People can contract HPV from skin to skin contact. Many people can get it from direct sexual contact or oral sex. It is recommended by the CDC that preteen boys and girls at 11 or 12 are have sex with someone who is infected. It's possible for a mother with an HPV infection to transmit the virus to her infant during delivery. This exposure may cause HPV infection in the baby's genitals or upper respiratory system. Sign and Symptoms of HPV Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and don’t develop symptoms or have health cause any health problems, but when HPV does not go away, it can cause problems like genital warts and cancer. Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or groups of bumps in the genital area. like a cauliflower. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by looking at the genital area. Cervical cancer usually does not have symptoms until it is quite advanced, very serious and hard to treat. For this reason, it is important for women to get regular screening for cervical cancer. Screening tests can...
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