...Bryant Kang Mr. Ryan Humanities 10 5/4/2015 The Third Crusade The Christians in Western Europe and Muslims in the Middle East were in a constant religious battle during the 12th century because the Roman Catholic Church wanted to take control of the holy land, Jerusalem. In order to conquer Jerusalem, the Church initiated crusades, also known as military campaigns or holy wars. The First Crusade was successful as Jerusalem fell under the European control, but not so much for the following crusades. The Second Crusade was a disaster, as Europeans failed to conquer any land from the Muslims. This led to the Third Crusade in which three kings, ‘Richard the Lionheart’ of England, ‘Phillip II Augustus’ of France, and ‘Frederick Barbarossa,’ joined...
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...Karl Golemo The rise of Christianity during the middle ages is part with the collapse of Rome. The mighty empire had fallen in the western part of the territory and this left the Christian churches as a source of political, social and cultural unity. The church for Christians found itself to be in a particularly strong position when it came to the nobility of the feudal system that was still in place. With the Roman Empire pretty much in shambles the Christians had the perfect model government to format a new judicial and administrative model after. And let’s be honest during the Middle Ages only the rich or clergy had access to reading and writing so with small lordships or local kings trying to hold on to what authority they thought they had the Church walked in or was handed the keys to the car and started moving towards a centralized control of politics. And like most ordeals when it comes to power and being in control of everything a monopoly starts and no one knows how to stop it. When an organization has claim on your going to heaven or hell along with how you should conduct yourself here in the present that is truly a lot of power which most did not defy. In one case the church had made requests for followers to commit themselves on Crusades of protecting the Holy land of Jerusalem and doing what is right in the sight of God. But with doing what right in God’s eye may be working together that is one reason the crusades were considered a failure, when you have power houses...
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...The Crusades. 1. What was the cause of the crusades? a. I expect to find out why there was a war between Christians and Muslims, and what is the holy land and why were they fighting over it. 2. What were the objectives of the crusades? b. I expect to find out why it expanded from releasing the holy land to conquering Spain from the Moors. 3. How many crusades were there and what were the most important? c. I expect to find out the exact number of crusades and why the first four were the most important. 4. What was the crusades timeline? d. I expect to find the dates of each crusade and when they finished. 5. What was the effect of the crusades? e. I expect to find the answer to why did they play a very big role in the Middle ages and how did they effect the catholic church. 6. Who were the crusaders and how were they treated? f. I expect to find the classes of where the crusaders came from and if they had any special privileges. Throughout history the Crusades affected many aspects mostly the Europeans Middle Ages. The crusades went on for almost 300 years and affected the people whom lived there church and many other aspects. Powering religion and the church. Even though many people lost their lives it still plays a huge role. 1. What was the cause of the crusades? The word crusade means holy war, and was caused over the possession of the holy land. For many years Muslims were responsible of the...
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...One of the economical changes that happened during the late middle ages was the guides. The guides were merchants or artisans who governed the town. The became an economic activity because they governed prices, wages and more. Another change was increase of trade and growth of population. These two things changed the economy because the lifestyle changed. 4. The Christians wanted to go on Crusades for many reasons. Many wanted to beloved that they were obeying God’s will and they wanted to achieve salvation. Others though, wanted kingdoms in Palestine or thought they could get out of taxes this way. 5. During the age of medieval thinker their approach to learning was based more around religion and for lack of a better word literature. Everything in that time was either vernaculars or scholasticism. On the other hand though ancient philosopher were very since and mathematically based. For example, the Hellenistic civilization focused on science, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and philosophy. Building National Monarchies Vocab Exchequer- a central treasury and improvised justice in royal courts Common Law- accepted legal principles that applied...
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...1 Part 1 of of a monumental documentary on the crusades produced by the History Channel entitled "Crusades: crescent and the cross". This is part one of two. A must watch, and an excellent production! - Hosted by Nahda Media - 2 Not Synced for thousand of years the holy land of the middle east was run with blood. here the scars of battle was between the three of the great religion of the world. but the deepest would was made by the war between christians and muslims began at the close of the 11 century. fought for 200 years for a state a tiny strip of land which was a few hundred miles long. But with the greatest prize Jerusalem. now this holy war is passed as legd. there were those who saw it by their own eyes. great chronicles from two different worlds Christian and Muslim wrote of great deeds, great battles and great warriors. about men who laid down their lives. ¶ 3 Not Synced this was the collision of two great faiths, the clash between the crescent and the cross. 4 Not Synced this was the crusades. 5 Not Synced Of all the cities in the world, Jerusalem has the most troubled past and the most troubling future. 6 Not Synced For the Jews, it is the site of the great temple of Hewet and Solemn. For Muslims, the place where Mohammed ascended to heaven. For Christians,a place where their messiah was crucified. 7 Not Synced After his death, the world of Jesus Christ took root and Jerusalem slowly shed almost 4 centuries of Roman...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...called the first crusade at the Council of Clermont after the Byzantine emperor Alexios Komnenos asked him for help with the Seljuk Turks. Urban, seeing this as an opportunity to launch an attack on the Islamic held holy land, made speeches at the council with accounts of violence being inflicted on the Christian pilgrims. He used this speech to rile up the French clergy and noblemen, as well as being a good troop gathering tool. The Church was very influential at the time of the Crusades, so it was not hard to gather men for these armies, considering they had the help of several prominent Frenchman including the Count of Toulouse, Raymond IV. Unexpectedly, it was the peasants, not the knights, who most fervently answered the call to war. Men of women of all ages took up arms, possibly seeking to earn grace with God, or to earn wealth during the war. Following his speeches in France, Urban recruited other leaders such as Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Taranto (enter other things here...
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...Document A 1. What time period does The American Cyclopaedia use to explain the “Dark Ages?” Fifth to fifteenth 2. Does “intellectual depression” refer to the people of the “Dark Ages” or historical knowledge of the time? Yes, from the establishment of the barbarian supremacy. 3. Does this definition resemble more the original meaning of the “Dark Ages” or the meaning it gained over time? Notes: Called “Dark Ages” because of depression. Secondary Document B 1. How did religion influence the Magna Carta ? God was first in everything. 2. How did the Magna Carta limit the power of King John? It made him run all decisions through the nobles. 3. How did the Magna Carta lay the foundation for democracy? Notes: Limits power and lets the people have...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...The Fundamental causes of the Crusades Derek A. Shuman The ancient World had the territorial Peleponesian war between Athens and Sparta. After that, the Persian swept in and conquered much of Greece, along with the rest of the Mediterranean area. Alexander retook possession of Greece, (along with much of the Mediterranean). Then came the Romans, who also conquered Greece, (along with much of the Mediterranean). But after the fall of the Roman Empire, the Eastern Mediterranean fell into the hands of the Muslims. So, since 638 AD, Jerusalem had been governed by Muslims. The Muslim Caliphs were, at heart, capitalists, and they tolerated Christian pilgrims because the tourist money helped the economy. But then, in the 1070s, Turks (who were recent Muslim converts) conquered these Holy Lands and mistreated the Jews and Christians, not realizing how useful their good will (and money) could be. The Byzantine Empire was also threatened by the Turks. Emperor Alexius asked the pope for assistance. Pope Urban II, a skillful orator, seeing an outlet for the violent energy of Christian knights, made an urgent speech calling for them to take back Jerusalem. Thousands responded, resulting in the First Crusade. Dates and Leaders of the Crusades: Urban II made his speech calling for Crusade at the Council of Clermont in November, 1095. He combined the idea of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land with waging a war against the infidels. When he also promised complete absolution past present and future...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...Intellectual Development of Christianity in the European West. (Student’s Name) (Institution’s Name) (Date) Intellectual development of Christianity Christianity dates back long ago in the ancient times of Dark ages. Through the moral and ethical education of Christianity, it can clearly be defined to have originated from the integration of ancient Judaism and the cultural practices of Greek. Christianity has thus been introduced more of a discipline of philosophy since it as the best way to present the Christian values through logic presentation of facts. During the medieval age of Christianity, it shaped and curved both intellectual and political wellbeing of the society. The Christian knowledge more so, the first instance of Christianity being Catholicism introduced the concept of universalism. The church in the west was a very powerful organization that dictated the social economic welfare, as well as the political governance of the world. After the fall of Roman Empire, Christianity took root in the moral fabric of the society and condemned most of the ancient cultural practices. Practices such as witchcraft were highly discouraged and individuals who got caught were punished and even killed. The catholic power at the time determined those who were to be kings and the kingdoms to fall and strongly condemned paganism as well as those who practiced indigenous cultural behaviors. Barbarism heavily faced fierce hatred as the catholic priests and nobles persecuted...
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...is the Occupy Wall Street Movement. The first people that came to this movement were some punks, liberals, artists and socialists. They did not just come for a one day protest they came again and again. Then other people began to take notice and the movement has been doubling in size every three days since mid September. Now there are young people, middle age and retirees, the employed and the unemployed just to name a few. How this movement has differed from other protests in the past for example, those against the Vietnam War in the 1960’s, the protestors are not just unruly mobs of young people fighting for one cause. Instead it is people with several different yet similar grievances. Contrary to the idea of Occupy Wall Street just being comprised of young people we now see that the younger element has sometimes been the majority. In this movement we see a diversity of people, varying ages, life situations, and grievances. Some are first time protestors. There are a few common denominators of the protestors but the most outstanding seems to be about economic injustice and the corporate influence on our government. Because the middle class are tired of the corporate injustices they have now come to rally for justice. It is interesting how this movement even started. The idea for the protest began in mid 2011 by a Canadian based magazine “Adbusters Media Foundation”. They did not advertise on TV, radio or bill boards. Instead they “floated” an idea through their email lists and...
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...greed accompanied by the intensified nationalism felt by those who had just been inspired by the power of the Roman Catholic Church through the First Crusade against the Muslim Moors. It was the religious zeal of not only the Church and the Queen but also of the masses that really caused the expulsion of the Jewish people from Spain. Of course, the official justification for exiling the Jews was because they were counterproductive to the Church’s ultimate goal – they attempted to prevent the Marranos from severing their ties with Judaism. Anti-Semitism began soon after the beginning of Christianity with the inherent hatred toward Jews simply because they have differing theological and religious practices are not Christian, not because they are specifically Jewish. Anti-Judaism began with the crucifixion of Christ – it became commonly believed that the Jewish people were responsible for the crucifixion which caused initial discriminatory writings against the Jews as a people, as well as societal misunderstanding and distrust. The Jewish people were exposed to severe persecution under Visigoth control in the Mediterranean and more Christian control in Spain. It is therefore not surprising that the Jewish people helped the Muslims invade and conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 711 C.E. from the Christians, ushering in the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry. Not long after the conquest, the Jews integrated themselves into Muslim society. Massive migration waves – of both Jewish and Muslim...
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