...The use of Capsule Endoscopy as a patient purchased diagnostic test for evaluation of gastrointestinal problems Dear Ms. Aglukkaq: I would like to propose a change in the manner in which specialized gastrointestinal diagnostic services are offered in the public Canadian healthcare system. Gastroenterology and evaluation of digestive disease/problems is one of the most heavily utilized sectors in the healthcare system. It is critical to improve patient care by minimizing patient waiting times and to reduce the burden on physicians to provide timely and accurate patient diagnosis and care. As Canada is expanding the offering of some privately offered health services such as ct scans, mris and x-ray studies in terms of diagnostic procedures used to diagnose gastrointestinal problems1, I would like to propose that Capsule Endoscopy be made available as a privately purchased outpatient diagnostic procedure. Currently, this extremely valuable but expensive diagnostic test is only available to a narrowly selected group of patients seeking care from a gastroenterology specialist1. This test has the ability to be used as a timely, accurate, low risk and easily administered diagnostic tool for patients presenting with several different types of gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Utilizing this diagnostic tool may decrease the load on the healthcare system and physicians by allowing gastrointestinal problems to be identified more quickly and it may reduce or eliminate the need for more...
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...countries as opposed to the more developed ones. Crohn’s is one of the many diseases that fit into the Inflammatory Bowel Disease category. This disease is many times confused with ulcerative colitis. While their symptoms may be very similar, the thing that sets them apart is the part of the gastrointestinal tract that they affect. Crohn’s can affect the large intestine, the end of the small bowel, and the thickness of the bowel wall. Symptoms include persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, constipation, and abdominal cramps. If symptoms are not treated the disease can also lead to fatigue and weight loss. Crohn’s is also considered to be a chronic disease meaning that the person can experience periods of remission followed by flare ups. Only in the most severe cases does the disease cause fissures, or tears in the lining of the anus, and fistulas, hollow passages from one part of the intestine to another or in some cases to other organs, to develop. In a normal person’s gastrointestinal tract there are tons of bacteria that help digest the food, but in the case of a person with Crohn’s their immune system attacks these bacteria that are normally left alone. For some reason the immune system mistakes...
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...NSG 501 – A&P GI - Article Summary #1 January 17, 2015 Reference Cope, G. (2013). Understanding smoking and nicotine effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal Nursing, 11(1), 44-48. Summary Smoking remains a large problem worldwide with approximately one-quarter of the global population using tobacco products despite the worldwide campaign aimed to reduce tobacco use. Smoking and, more specifically, nicotine have many well-documented health impacts such as lung cancer and heart disease. However, the purpose of this article is to present the implications of smoking and nicotine on the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The author describes systematically how smoking and nicotine affect the stomach, small intestine, and colon as well as the causative agents that damage and protect the GI tract and their mechanisms of action. Research Methodology The information presented by the author in this article came from a literature review. The author gleaned relevant data from nursing and medical research to offer the currently understood consequences of smoking and nicotine use on the GI system. Application to Gastrointestinal A&P The author describes the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the GI tract as it pertains to smoking and nicotine. What Did I Learn Within the stomach, smoking has been shown to prevent the production of bicarbonate ions by reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which controls bicarbonate secretion. Bicarbonate...
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...Physical Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System Walden University Physical Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System The examination of the gastrointestinal system is an evaluation of the organs in the center of the body and the associated vasculature and lymphatics. Its functions are investigated by using inspection techniques of visual inspection, palpation (feeling with the hands), percussion (tapping with the fingers), and auscultation (listening). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the record of the findings resulting from the gastrointestinal physical assessment of patient Mr. J. |Week #4 | |Abdomen | |Contour/Symmetry | | | |Visual examination of the abdomen revealed symmetry bilaterally; no skin | | |abnormalities were found. There were no abdominal masses visible, and the| | ...
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...Case Study 11 Karley Lapointe Liberty University Abstract C.W. is a patient with a gastrointestinal bleed that produced a duodenal ulcer. This ulcer then produced a bloody diarrhea stool. C.W. Was brought to the emergency room with by his wife for having bloody diarrhea for three days and was presenting signs of weakness and hypotension. C.W. underwent surgery for his gastrointestinal bleed and then was admitted to the hospital for having a fluid volume deficit, due to his diarrhea and bleed. C.W. being volume deficit made his fluid, electrolyte and blood levels become very abnormal. His medication that he was on for prior health history was causing some of his levels to rise and drop. He has a past medical history of cardiovascular problems, which were described and attributed to his current admitting problems. While at the hospital he went into sinus tachycardia and was placed on a Swan-Ganz catheter. One of the main goals for treating C.W. is to control his tachycardia and control his levels. He has some serious cardiovascular conditions that can not be healed but medical professionals, using education and medication , can better his quality of the life he has left. Patient C.W., a 70-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital at 0430 with a 25-X15-mm duodenal ulcer causing a gastrointestinal bleed, which was presented by “ dark red “ bloody diarrhea. His wife states that he has had diarrhea for 3 days with “dark red” stool starting the night before. She states that...
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...Chapter 35: Gastrointestinal Function Key Questions 1. What are the major structures of the gastrointestinal tract and their corresponding functions? Mouth and salivary glands: Transport of food to the esophagus and protection of the airway from aspiration of food particles. Pharynx: Transport of food to the esophagus and protection of the airway from aspiration of food particles. Esophagus: Movement of food to the stomach by peristaltic waves. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents reflux of stomach contents. Stomach: Reservoir for food, mixing, and initial digestion of proteins; secretion of hydrochloric acid, instrinsic factor, and gastrin. The pyloric sphincter prevents reflux of intestinal contents. Small intestine: Digestion and absorption of nearly all nutrients in the duodenum and jejunum; absorption of bile salts in the terminal ilium. The brush border contains numerous digestive enzymes. The enzymes secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted by intestinal mucosa. Pancreas and gallbladder: The pancreas delivers digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to the duodenum. The gallbladder delivers bile salts to the duodenum. Large intestine: Reabsorption of water and storage of feces. Feces are delivered to the rectum for defecation (pgs. 805-812). 2. How does the autonomic nervous system influence gastrointestinal motility? Sympathetic nervous system activity is generally inhibitory to GI motility and secretion. Parasympathetic nervous system activity generally...
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...Immunisation is the process of protecting the body against disease by means of vaccines or serums which contain antibodies. Antibodies defend the body in several ways, one of which removes the bodies body’s natural resistantresistance. The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) is an attenuated live virus, which helps the body produce antibodies and build immunity against the virus in case it comes into contract with it again. Since the introduction of the MMR vaccine there have been reported links that this vaccine causes autism and neurodevelopment disorders and affects the nervous system. It has been highlighted in the media that there is a possible connection between the MMR vaccinating vaccination and the formation if autism...
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...Volume 63, Issue 1, 15 March 2002, Pages 19–24 Colonization rate of bacteria in the throat of healthy infants Matitiahu Berkovitch et al. (2002). Colonization rate of bacteria in the throat of healthy infants. International Journal of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology 63,19-24. Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 22 6516-6523.The complete genome sequence and analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al. (2003). The complete genome sequence and analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Nucleic Acids Research 31, 6516-6523. (A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al., 2003) Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive,non-spore forming, non-motile, pleomorphic rod belonging to the genus Corynebacterium and the actinomycete group of organisms. The organism produces a potent bacteriophage-encoded protein exotoxin, diphtheria toxin (DT), which causes the symptoms of diphtheria. This potentially fatal infectious disease is controlled in many developed countries by an effective immunisation programme. Corynebacterium diphtheria was shown to be the cause of the acute, communicable disease diphtheria after being isolated from diphtheritic pseudomembranes in the late 19th century The virulent and toxigenic strains are lysogenic, and produce an exotoxin formed by two polypeptide chains, which is itself produced when a bacterium is transformed by a gene from the β prophage.[9] Nonpathogenic species of Corynebacterium are...
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...gluten, their bodies have an immune response. When this happens the villi of the small intestine will get damaged. This causes the nutrients to not be absorbed when passing through the digestive system. This may lead to gastrointestinal problems and can possibly lead to malnutrition in the future. Malabsorption of nutrients can leave you with bad side effects. There are several forms of celiac disease such as gastrointestinal, extra-intestinal, and silent or sub-clinical. Celiac disease symptoms can vary from person to person and can include diarrhea, gas, bloating, vomiting, constipation, constipation, nausea, skin irritation, malabsorption, weight loss, anemia, chronic fatigue, neurological complaints, migraine headaches, concentration and memory problems, autoimmune disorders and many other health problems. Malabsorption that’s caused from celiac disease can have major side effects on many organs and body systems. You identify celiac disease by doing specific blood tests. If the tests are positive then a small biopsy can be done. And the only way to 100% get rid of celiac disease is to completely eliminate gluten from your diet. Another one is gluten sensitivity and intolerance. One of the biggest symptoms a person will get who is gluten intolerant or sensitive is gastrointestinal problems. Others include joint pain, and depression. You find out...
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...Human Gastro-intestinal Tract Alec (Huu) Tran BIO/101 March 5, 2014 Ricardo Altschul Human Gastro-intestinal Tract Human gastrointestinal tract or digestive tract is considered one of the major organs in the human body. It helps the body digest foods and liquids then break it down into nutrients for the body to absorb. Once the food is place in the mouth, it is the starting of the digestive system. After the teeth breaks the food into smaller pieces mixed with saliva, they travel down the esophagus. The esophagus is the hollow muscular tube where it guides the food to the stomach. It guides the food by contracting its wall wave like muscles. The stomach is where the food gets further breaking down. The stomach heavy muscle walls, as a grinder, mixes the digestive liquid The digestive system. (2013) (produce by the stomach) helps process the food into fluid or paste. After leaving the stomach, the food enters the small intestine. Inside the small intestine, the food gets next stage of breaking down. The small intestine took the enzymes from the pancreas and the bile the liver provided, mixes in the food breaking it down further. The gallbladder also plays a big role in this process. It acts as a transport duct between the liver and the small intestine. At this stage, the small intestine also absorbs the broke down food nutrients into the bloodstream. The waste products leaving the...
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...There are many different alternative therapies to treat the disorders of the GI system. First of all there are herbal treatments for GI disorders. At least 50% of GI patients have used some type of herbal treatment to relieve their symptoms. According to "Herbal Treatment For Gastrointestinal Disorders" (2013), "the overall philosophy of alternative medicine takes a uniform holistic approach that all diseases result from disturbances at a combination of physical, psychological, social and spiritual levels” (What is complementary and alternative medicine?). Alternative medicine is used to restore balance to the body and help in its own healing process and that GI disorders are the most common diseases that people will use an alternative practitioner. Herbal therapy is used for many different issues including nausea and vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, constipation, and GI cancers ("Herbal Treatment For Gastrointestinal Disorders", 2013). One home remedy for nausea and vomiting is Ginger. It can be used to treat vomiting from things like morning sickness, motion and sea sickness, chemotherapy and surgery. Capsaicin is from the red pepper and it will block the signals in nerve fibers that carry the pain sensation from the abdominal organs to the brain. It’s been found to help things like upper abdominal pain, nausea and bloating. Peppermint oil will cause the smooth muscle in the intestines to not contract. This means that it can be used for relief from irritable...
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...vitamin B has its role in our health and is important for a healthy body. For example Vitamin B1, thiamin, plays many key roles in the body: metabolic cycle for generating energy, aids in the digestion of carbohydrates, essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, muscles and heart; stabilizes the appetite; promotes growth and good muscle tone. Having a B1 deficiency may lead to mental depression and constipation; weakness and feeling tired; nervous irritability; insomnia; the loss of appetite; paralysis and loss of weight; or even heart and gastrointestinal problems. Vitamin B2, riboflavin, is necessary for carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies and red blood cells; maintains cell respiration; necessary for the maintenance of good vision, skin, nails, and hair; alleviates eye fatigue, promotes general health. Having a deficiency of B2 may result in sluggishness; itching and burning eyes, cracks and sores in the mouth and lips, bloodshot eyes; purplish tongue, dermatitis; retarded growth; digestive disturbances, trembling; or even oily skin. Vitamin B3, niacinamide, improves circulation and reduces the cholesterol level n the blood; maintains the nervous system; helps metabolize protein, sugar, and fat; reduces high blood pressure;...
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...chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae. Chromosomes affected When you eat food, your body gets the nutrients like protein, which keeps your body healthy. When your gastrointestinal tract processes the food it keeps the nutrients and gets rid of any waste. The gastrointestinal tract is the series of organs from the mouth to the anus. When you have Crohn's disease, your body's immune system begins attacking healthy cells in your gastrointestinal tract causing inflammation. Crohn’s is a disease in the immune system causing your body to produce antibodies that work against it’s self. (Crohn’s disease. Andy Abril, Copyright March 2013. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/basics/symptoms/con-20032061) Unfortunately, no one knows exactly what causes Crohn's, just that something in your body causes your immune system to overreact. It cause inflammation, irritation, or swelling in the gastrointestinal tract. The disease mainly affects the same intestine. Causes of the Disorder...
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...Health history of a patient is an important tool in identifying health issues and devising efficient interventions to address them. Hence, health providers can use health history information to diagnose, treat and plan for the care of the patients (Ball et al., 2006). In that light, we will focus on the patient named BB for purposes of privacy and confidentiality. BB is a 70-year-old Caucasian female. The patient resides and recently just moved to Show Low, Arizona. She is married and operates her business with the help of her husband. The interview was conducted at her home in Show Low, Arizona. More importantly, the patient's consent was sought before this meeting and she was assured of the confidentiality of the information shared (Jarvis, 2016). Therefore, in continuing with the purpose of this paper - it is to complete a health assessment and history of BB. Health Assessment and History Demographic information The patient described within this documentation will be referred as BB for the purpose of privacy and confidentiality. BB is a 70-year-old Caucasian female. She was born in Long Island, New York and she currently resides in Show Low, Arizona. She has lived in Arizona for the last 30 years as stated, and is married and lives with her husband. Though retired from the 9 to 5 working world, she is self-employed, running her business with the help of her husband. Perception of health The patient appears contented with current life status and well-adjusted too...
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...Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are two disorders that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are the two well-known Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. At present, the pathophysiology of the two inflammatory bowel diseases will be discussed. “Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa, most commonly in the rectum and sigmoid colon” Huether & Mccance (2017). Individuals affected with this disease suffer from pain that eventually it has a negative impact on their lifestyle satisfaction. The pathophysiology of Ulcerative colitis consists of inflammation of the large intestine the results in lesions, hyperemic of the mucosa, erosions, ulcers,...
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