...Kaemia Howard (19075564) Anatomy and Physiology The Aging Musculoskeletal System At the age of 84, your bones have taken a toll throughout your life time. This leaves you susceptible to a few bone diseases. Three of the most common diseases are Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Muscular Atrophy. With Osteoporosis, it is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Since our bones undergo bone remodeling quite often in the younger years we do not think of the potential or likelihood of being diagnosed with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis. However as we age our bones do not recover and remodel as fast, causing loss of bone density. The more mass that is “banked” when younger leads to the smaller risk of having the disease. Much like Osteoporosis is Osteoarthritis. The more wear and tear you put on your bones and joints the more susceptible you are to Osteoarthritis. With these disorders maintain a popular quo among the elderly; the future diagnosis is almost certain to happen. An 84 year old thin female has more than likely already been diagnosed with one of the two disorders, if not both. Osteoarthritis can be very painful and can on more than one occasion hinder any plans that have been set forth, from a trip to the grocery store or an entire vacation. This is especially true of those who have the arthritis in their hands, fingers and knees. The final...
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...The Aging Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thinner and fragile because of low bone density. This condition puts people at risk of fractures. Men in women are both affected by osteoporosis, but women are affected more than men. Postmenopausal woman are more likely to develop the condition, this is an asymptomatic condition. Our 84 year small boned white female is a candidate for osteoporosis. The most common risk factors are small frame, gender, age, ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better...
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...UNIT 4: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT TITLE: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:j PECTORAL GIRDLE: The human appendicular skeleton is made up of bones of both the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Within the skeletal system a limb girdle can be referred to the bones which connect a limb to the axial skeleton. There is the pectoral girdle also known as shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle also known as hip girdle which are the bony apparatus with which a limb is joined to the trunk. The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle are both sturdy sockets for the limb joints although the pectoral girdle is larger and flexible it does not bear a lot of weight and it can be a shallow socket for limb attachment. Whereas the pelvis girdle on...
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...This study will cover the equine cardiovascular and the musculoskeletal systems in the equine. In which shall be included a discussion on the effects of each system during different levels of exercise. Cardiovascular system The equine cardiovascular system is designed in a particular way, to ensure optimal transport of oxygen from the upper respiratory tract to the rest of the organs and body tissues and to maintain a regular blood pressure (Evans & Rose, 1988) Marlin and Nankervis, in 2002, stated that “the blood vessels form two main circuits known as systemic and pulmonary circulations”. The systemic circulation refers to the blood going from the left hand side of the heart, to all the organs and tissues, and then back to the right hand...
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...Health Issues in Aging The Aging Musculoskeletal System January 19, 2014 The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding...
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...Solution to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sonography Sonography, as a profession, is often enticing. When most individuals think of sonography, the thought that comes to mind is a sonogram with the pictures of a baby in gestation within a mother’s womb. Though this can be an interesting and rewarding career choice, this profession, as in most, can have its drawbacks. Many sonographers are at risk of suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and a significant amount are already experiencing injuries, especially those with considerable workloads and ones who have been in the profession for a large amount of time. In order to make sonography a safer profession, the work environment of sonographers must be redesigned with better ergonomics in mind. Having a safer ergonomic design must play an essential part of equipment design, along with changes to the layout of the work setting. Musculoskeletal Disorder also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) can include a number of symptoms ranging from swelling and inflammation of the muscles, spasms, tingling or burning sensations, to the loss of sensation completely (Coffin, 2014). In certain cases, a loss of muscle strength can occur. While this disorder is accumulative, the symptoms considered to be small can evolve to become more critical and also debilitating. Among North American sonographers in 1997, the occurrences of musculoskeletal injury were 84% and increased to 90% in 2008 (Coffin, 2014). According to the...
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...to our announcements: Do you ever wake up and think about your musculoskeletal system. Many of us don’t.... arthritis can be a part of not having a good skeletal system. Risk factors include age, joint injuries such as falls or sport playing, obesity, family history and sex. Females tend to have more problems than men.... Want to make sure we can have a healthy skeletal system as we get older.... then listen to this: Remember your mother telling you to always stand straight? Or if you were in the military how your drill sergeant would make you stand straight? Now that we are older in age, if we didn’t listen we sure our paying for it now. Our musculoskeletal system is our overall body and if we didn’t before, we need to take care of it now. There are many factors that we can take into consideration for healthy musculoskeletal system.... such as nutrition. Calcium is something we need. We can get this from green leafy vegetable and dairy. We can avoid the loss of calcium by avoiding sodas and coffee. We can also take vitamin d, magnesium and omega 3. Want to keep it natural. Yoga never sounded so good. Regular exercise and stretching such as yoga also helps us keep it healthy. So next time you walk buy and look at the yoga classes and laugh, just keep in mind that their musculoskeletal system is staying healthy. References Health-choices-for-life.com. Care and Feeding of the Musculoskeletal System ** Radio Ad Good Morning. Thank you for listening to 92.3 the...
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...This essay makes an attempt to address Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders. Also attempted, is a developmental design and evaluation of an appropriate individualized education goals and the issues surrounding the disorder of the above mentioned disease. Within the design, several directives will be accomplished: two (2), appropriate individualized education goals to meet the needs of the student. An analytical view, of the disorder, and what the specifics are associated with these type(s) of disorders. What the salient complications are as a result of the disorder, the particulars of finances and assistance as they affect the educational system. What treatment options are available, rehabilitation, and are there any appropriate educational interventions to address the situation. Lastly, what are the teacher's responsibilities, in terms of meeting the needs of students with curvature of the spine, hip conditions, limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders? (2) Appropriate Individualized Educational Goal: Two appropriate individualized education goals; Annual Goals: Jessica is a 14 year girl who is also a sophomore, with an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder, she will have the ability to join in with her classmates in activities that; will allow her the use of her hands, shoulders and much more, far more than she was previously able to do. These activities include; the ability to produce her own written assignments and use...
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...SURVEY Visible skin Facial expression/Mood (Grimace, Flat Affect, Pleasant, Distress, SOB) Nutritional Status (Cachexia, Obesity, Well-nourished) Grooming/Hygiene (UnKempt, Neat, Poor Hygiene) Gross Anatomical Deformities EXAMPLES #3 SKIN SKIN • Integument • Color Pigmentation Cyanosis Jaundice Erythema • • • • Moisture Temperature Texture Turgor SKIN (CONT’D) Vascularity Edema Lesions ABCD: Asymmetry Border irregularity Color Diameter HAIR AND SCALP Hair: Color Distribution Quantity Thickness Texture Lubrication NAILS Condition of nails reflects: General health State of nutrition Occupation Level of self-care Age #4 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM ““ SMILE FOR ME” NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Orientation (person, place, time, purpose) 12 Cranial Nerves/Sensation Glascow Coma Scale 12 CRANIAL NERVES Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory Glossopharngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal #5 HEAD & NECK COMPONENTS OF HEAD & NECK • • • • • • Ears Nose Eyes Throat Neck Lymph Nodes EYES Inspect • Anterior Eyes • Eyelashes • Conjunctivae • Tear Ducts EYE EXAMINATION • • • • • • • CN’s II, III, IV,& VI Six Cardinal Fields of Gaze Visual Acuity Cover-Uncover Test PERRLA Peripheral Vision Ophthalmic Exam OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATION...
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...In addition, military PTs plays important roles as primary care provider especially in musculoskeletal conditions (Greathouse, 2009). Military system PTs are considers as physician extenders to treat patient's condition with conservative method for musculoskeletal condition with accurate manners and effective results (McGill, 2013). There is no any record or legal action noted against US army PTs autonomous practice to refer for diagnostic...
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...explain about background of project, objectives, problem statement, scope of project. i. Project Title Car Jack with pneumatic system. ii. Abstract The students design a new model car jack with pneumatic system. Pneumatic system is a power transmission system that uses the force of flowing gases to transmit power. A problem statement about car jack is a lot of people need an ergonomics design to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders can affect the body’s muscles, joints, tendond, ligament, and nerves. Such as the discs in back bones. The scope of the project is the students have to design a car jack with the ergonomics design based on the human body. There are three main parts of the product. The first parts is spiral balloon. The second part is one way control valve. The third part is hose lock. iii. Keyword Carjack, ergonomics, design, pneumatic system, human body. iv. Background of Project The project is an assignment of the Industrial Design and Ergonomics. Based on the ergomics and human function, the student must design a car jack with ergonomics to help human. In this time, car jack help people to change tire. But a lot of the car jack, use a lot of energy from operator the car jack. So, we design a new model car jack with pneumatic system. Pneumatic system is a power transmission system that uses the force of flowing gases to transmit power. So, we don’t use a lot of energy to lift the car. There are three main parts...
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...Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases Name Instructor Institution Musculoskeletal disorders are common and they can affect different age groups, frequently causing disability and immobility. They cause discomfort or pain in the joints, bones and muscles. The disorders can range from being acute to chronic, diffuse or focal. The chances of a person developing musculoskeletal disorders increase with age, but they are more common among the elderly. The disorders can range from back pain and gout, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal pain and tendinitis. Treatments vary depending on the age of the patient, and there is a need for physicians to intervene early before the disease progresses to ensure better chances of recovery. The physiology of aging is an important aspect of treatment for musculoskeletal problems. “Immunosenescence” is a term that refers to changes in the immune system which is characterized by declined cellular immunity resulting to increase in auto antibodies. T-cell and cytokine production also decrease. Aging results in musculoskeletal changes. The tendons, ligaments and where they attach to bonesfray and weaken; muscle mass, quality, and strength also lessen. The gait of a person with musculoskeletal problems changes with age; gait speed, stride length and step length are reduced ((Phyllis & Samuel, 2009). Treatment in older patients is risky because of polypharmacy where patients attend different...
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...Risk factors emerge in the task environment conditions such as loads, equipment controls and tools that are manipulated manually and repetitively. Risk factors may trigger acute injury such as back pain or chronic illnesses such as carpel tunnel syndrome and tendinitis syndrome. In brief, ergonomic is a scientific approach to identifying and controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) injuries or illnesses of the muscles, tendons, joints and nerves that are caused or aggravated by work (Batson September...
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...Submit at least 1 draft to a friend for “peer-feedback” * Submit at least 1 draft to the teacher for feedback * Complete Part A Student Reflection and submit sheet on assessment submission * Complete Part B Student Reflection and submit within 24 hours of assessment being returned. Part B- Training Program 20 Marks Design a week long training program using the FITT principles. Ensure your athletes have both anaerobic and aerobic training incorporated, in a ratio relevant for your chosen sport. You should also ensure you train the relevant health and skill related components of fitness. Part C- Report (1-2 pages) 20 Marks Justify your training program by: * Describing the changes to the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems. * Explaining why these components of fitness are relevant to your sport. * Explaining why you chose this ratio of anaerobic & aerobic training. Part A Student Reflection (To be completed on submission of assessment task) | (Circle a number: 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly...
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...UW‐La Crosse: Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree Professional Curriculum (Revised 4/2/14) Course Number PTS 509 PTS 510 PTS 512 PTS 520 PTS 521 PTS 516 PTS 517 PTS 523 PTS 524 PTS 525 PTS 526 PTS 527 PTS 528 PTS 535 PTS 536 Format Lecture Seminar Lecture Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Contact Hours/Semester 42 84 56 14 56 Credits 3 3 4 1 2 Summer I (10 weeks) Title Human Gross Anatomy Applied Human Gross Anatomy Medical Physiology Intro to PT Practice & Evaluation Techniques Applied Intro to PT Prac & Eval Tech Summer I: Total 252/semester; 25hr/wk 14 28 28 28 28 28 42 56 28 28 13 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 Fall I (14 weeks) Physiological Regulation of Exertion & Disease Applied Physiol Reg of Exertion & Disease Physical Agents Applied Physical Agents Biomechanics & Kinesiology of Movement Applied Biomechanics & Kinesiology Foundations of the PT Exam Applied Foundations of the PT Exam Functional Neuroanatomy Applied Functional Neuroanatomy Fall I: Total 308/semester; 22hr/wk 16 Winter (2 weeks) PTS 651 PTS 518 PTS 519 PTS 545 PTS 546 PTS 611 PTS 619 PTS 620 PTS 625 PTS 626 PTS 627 PTS 628 PTS 631 PTS 542 PTS 543 PTS 544 PTS 623 PTS 624 PTS 728 PTS 729 Fieldwork: Introduction Winter: Total Fieldwork Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar ...
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