...Extraordinary anabasis has been constructed over the past two decades in the development and expansion of modern medical imaging technologies. The evolution of advancements, including computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as considerable innovations to conventional imaging modalities, have revolutionized medical imaging in remarkable strides. These advancements in imaging and informative technology have led to the increased prominence of those who commenced the discoveries, back in the 1800s. Furthermore, there were many remarkable inventions and milestones, through the duration of time, that have transformed the healthcare science admitted today. Perhaps the most paramount topic of discussion...
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...seeking care. The value of a new medical technology is determined by supply and demand (Getzen, 2007). Diagnostic radiology is a prime example of the value being determined by both supply and demand. As radiologic imaging advanced from two dimensional x-ray images to three dimensional ultrasound images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Computed tomography (CT) providing better image quality and increased accuracy of diagnoses, the demand for these services rose. Statistics show that from 1996 to 2006 the frequency of radiology imaging increased nearly 60%, from 61 million studies to 99 million (Klein, 2008). This significant increase in use is directly related to enhance image quality used for diagnosis. This figure will continue to rise as more baby-boomers use these services to diagnose potential health issues that can be determined through radiologic imaging. This paper will discuss the demand and supply of outpatient radiologic imaging centers within the United States health care industry. Outpatient Radiologic Imaging Statistics indicate the growing use of radiologic imaging for diagnosis of health ailments. This demand has created a strain on the ability of hospitals to adequately supply all patients with access to diagnostic radiologic imaging without delay. This...
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...Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body or parts and function thereof for medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose, or examine disease or medical science, including the study of normal anatomy and physiology. Radiographers are responsible for providing safe and accurate imaging examinations using a variety of imaging modalities and techniques therefore allowing for the appropriate management and treatment of patients. They use their professional judgement to decide how to achieve a diagnostic outcome. During the period of an examination, radiographers take responsibility for the physical and psychological well being of the patient. Responsibilities of the Radiographer: 1. Applying the principles of patient safety during all aspects of medical imaging procedures, including assisting and transporting patients 2. Performing diagnostic radiographic procedures. 3. Corroborating patient's clinical history with procedure, ensuring information is documented and available for use. 4. Maintaining confidentiality of the patient's protected health information 5. Preparing the patient for procedures, providing instructions to obtain desired results, gaining cooperation, and minimizing anxiety. 6. Administering medications at the physician's request according to policy. 7. Selecting and operating imaging equipment, and/or associated accessories to successfully perform procedures. 8. Positioning patient...
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...Brief History of Medical Imaging Medical imaging has played a very significant role in medicine for over the last one hundred years. It is one of the most important diagnostic tools available to doctors and has revolutionized the medical diagnosis of patients. The use of medical imaging has enabled doctors to see inside a patient without having to cut them open. Medical imaging, especially X-ray examinations and sonography which is also known to some as ultrasound, is essential in an everyday medical setting. Preventive medicine as well as healing medicine depends on the proper diagnosis and treatment by physicians, and the use of diagnostic imaging can help evaluate the course of a disease, as well as assess and document the disease in response to the treatment. Medical imaging has rapidly expanded from the first medical image discovered by Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. During a late night experiment in November of 1895, Roentgen, a physics professor from Germany, was examining Crookes tubes. He noticed that some light had managed to pass through a tube that he had wrapped in thin black cardboard, reflecting on the wall of his dark laboratory. Upon further investigation he found that the light could also be passed through paper, books, and eventually through human flesh. Unintentionally, he had stumbled upon a very important discovery that led to the discovery of what we now call an X-ray. One of the very first x-rays was one...
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... Imaging Sequences of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease, a form of Irritable Bowl Syndrome, is an ongoing symptomatic disease that has affected as many as 1.4 million people in the United States.7 Although it may occur at any age, the most common onset for IBS is between 15 to 30 years old.7 IBS can be broken down into two categories such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.7 Crohn’s disease is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose and uses a lot of distinctive tests such as X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasonography, and Nuclear Imaging. We will be investigating the optimum imaging sequences to analyze the cause, diagnosis, and treatments of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease can incorporate any location of the gastrointestinal tract, but it usually affects the area in-between the small and large bowels.7 Although the cause of Crohn’s disease is widely unknown, there are numerous implicating factors. Genetics is proposed as it “is found among first-degree relatives, suggesting a strong genetic component” .7 Other factors that play a part in contributing to the disease can be environmental, for example, smoking and your diet.7 Infectious and Immunologic factors are also considered, such as preexisting infections as a child or the infectious bacterium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP).3 The optimum imaging sequences to diagnose Crohn’s disease are plain radiography with barium studies, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography...
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...Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES AS A RADIOLOGY 1 Ethical Issues in Radiology Interview Paper Annelia Cyril Adventist University of Health Sciences 2 Abstract As a health care professionals we live through our career with sincere dedication to our patients. Ethics encompasses a variety of issues that all medical professionals, including medical imaging technologists must ultimately tackle. When considering ethics, medical imaging professionals need to take into account their responsibilities to patients, colleagues, employers, the imaging profession, and themselves. This interview will review these responsibilities with respect to medical imaging and the challenges that imaging technologists may face in approaching their work from the perspective of ethics. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) has developed a Standard of Ethics in which radiologic technologists have to abide by. With the continual invention and improvement of lifesaving medical technology also comes the burden of ethical decision making. Radiologists today face more ethical issues than meet the eye. ...
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...Pena, Mary Edilie P. Bs Psychology II-A ChemLec101F Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Paper Requirement in Inorganic Chemistry Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) also called as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a unique imaging technique that can scan the body without cutting inside the human body, gets images of the human body through scanning with the use of magnets and radio waves to create images and could serve as a valuable addition to diagnostic medicine. The patient lies on a patient table then slides into the cylinder and placed in a magnetic field gradient. When operated, protons are tiny particles that are present in water molecules in the body and protons aligned in parallel to the powerful magnetic field. Radio waves are transmitted in pulses and these protons are echoed along the body. When the MRI machine is scanning, the MRI scanner receives the echoes and it will construct a clear and detailed image of soft tissues of the body to a computer that creates an image based on the radio signals emitted from the body. The whole procedure can take 20-40 minutes or can take even longer. The scanner is very loud, so patient will be required to use earplugs or headphones to protect their ears from the noise. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is important because MRI scan can investigate or diagnose conditions that affect soft tissues such as abnormal tissue like tumours, joint or spinal injuries or diseases, and soft tissue injuries or diseases of internal organ like brain or heart...
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...Emad Hafiz Business Plan “Clarity Diagnostic Imaging Centers” 2267 West Medical Parkway Suite # 111 Chicago, IL 60610 Clarity Diagnostic Imaging Centers 2267 West Medical Parkway Suite # 111 Chicago, IL 60610 February 20th 2013 Dr. John Stockton 3329 Airfield Lane Miami, Florida 44342 Dear Dr. Stockton: My name is Emad Hafiz and I am the CEO of Clarity Diagnostic Imaging Centers (CDIC). From one physician to another I am confident that you too see the changes in demand in the last decade in diagnostic imaging services in outpatient and inpatient procedures. This demand is exceeding our supply of diagnostic imaging capabilities and the demand will only rise as more of the population is requiring medical attention than ever. I would like to personally extend an invitation to come in and visit our franchise model diagnostic medical imaging center that we have setup in Chicago, Illinois. This standard imaging center model is a very easy setup, with a guaranteed net income of approximately $150-200k depending on the geographical location and demand of the center. With initial startup investment costs as low as $300k (includes a onetime $100k franchising fee, royalty fee, setup fee and operations support) your investment is very well protected and return in seen within 2 years. Generating a stable income in the healthcare field, possibly close to your own practice and helping patients increase their quality of health...
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...medical imaging procedures Radiology is a very interesting subject and has a long history. X-Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. X-rays were first produced in a vacuum tube where electronics travelled at the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. Electromagnetic rays have high energy and very short wavelengths, which are not visible to the human eye. In 1913, an American radiologist named Gustav Bucky made the very first radiographic grid. With one-hundred radiologists per million Americans, approximately eighty-percent of radiologists are men. Full-time radiologists average a fifty-hour work week. The top four areas of radiology consist of: body cross/abdomen imaging, interventional/vascular imaging, breast imaging/women’s imaging, and neuroradiology. Before your examination, a radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you may have. A Radiologic Technologist is a skilled professional with specialized education of anatomy, radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, and positioning. It is part of their duty to determine how much radiation is necessary to produce a diagnostic image. Radiographic testing is a non-destructive testing that uses X-rays and/or Gamma-rays for detecting internal imperfections and for detecting corrosion. Over the years cardiac imaging has undergone revolutionary development during recent decades. Coronary angioplasty and subsequent introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques...
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...Ventilation/perfusion scans: Ventilation/perfusion scans, sometimes called a VQ (V=Ventilation, Q=perfusion) scan, is a way of identifying mismatched areas of blood and air supply to the lungs. It is primarily used to detect a pulmonary embolus. The perfusion part of the study uses a radioisotope tagged to the blood which shows where in the lungs the blood is perfusing. If the scan shows up any area missing a supply on the scans this means there is a blockage which is not allowing the blood to perfuse that part of the organ. Myocardial perfusion imaging: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a form of functional cardiac imaging, used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The underlying principle is that under conditions of stress, diseased myocardium receives less blood flow than normal myocardium. MPI is one of several types of cardiac stress test. A cardiac specific radiopharmaceutical is administered. E.g. 99mTc-tetrofosmin (Myoview, GE healthcare), 99mTc-sestamibi (Cardiolite, Bristol-Myers Squibb now Lantheus Medical Imaging). Following this, the heart rate is raised to induce myocardial stress, either by exercise or pharmacologically with adenosine, dobutamine or dipyridamole (aminophylline can be used to reverse the effects of...
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...Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diagnoses of Pituitary Gland Name: Institution: The role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diagnoses of Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is an important part of the body because it controls several hormonal glands such as adrenals and the thyroid. The gland is a nearly the size of a pea and has two parts referred to as the lobes (Maya & Pressman, 2010). The front part is the anterior pituitary while the back part is the posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is part of a bony hollow called the pituitary fossa behind the bridge of the nose and below the brain’s base near the optic nerves. Maya and Pressman (2010) add that the pituitary gland is the most important part of the system because it produces hormones controlling the functions of other endocrine glands. The most common problem occurring in the pituitary gland is the development of a benign growth or tumor. The tumor causes the gland to secrete excess hormone, blocks its production or causes it to malfunction. Other causes of pituitary disorders include traumatic brain injury and pituitary infarction. Although pituitary disorder are able to alter quality of a person’s life significantly, medical or surgical treatment is available where efficient diagnosis is made. The present study investigates the role of imaging modalities in the evaluation of pituitary gland disorders. Particular emphasis is laid on the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in diagnosing...
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...States). The film industry was “under pressure unlike ever before.” Carp predicted a “fairly long downturn”1 for traditional photography sales as consumers turned to digital cameras, which did not require film. Kodak was moving more of its manufacturing to China, where it could boost film sales, and was planning to slash 2,200 jobs, or 3% of its work force, especially in the photo-finishing business. Carp had received a master’s in business from MIT. He had begun his career at Kodak in 1970 as a statistical analyst. Since then, he had held a variety of positions at Kodak. In 1997, he became president and COO, and was appointed CEO on January 1, 2000. He believed Kodak’s current struggle was one of the toughest it had faced. How could he use digital imaging to revitalize Kodak? Kodak, 1880-1983: A brief history In 1880, George Eastman invented and patented a dry-plate formula and a machine for preparing large numbers of plates. He also founded the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York. In 1884, he replaced glass photographic plates with a roll of film, believing in “the future of the film business.”2 Although Kodak originally faced severe challenges, it quickly became a household name. Eastman believed success came from a user-friendly product that “was as convenient as the pencil.”3 Kodak...
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...different machines to view different aspects of the human anatomy, it is impossible to recommend what scan a person should have without taking into consideration the illness/injury and history of the patient. Without doubt a PET scan should be avoided as much as possible as the radiation the patient is confronted with is equivalent to 8 years of everyday living and substantially larger than other methods of imaging however, the advantage of a PET scan is its ability to show how parts of the body are functioning and detect problems much earlier (NSP Medicine Wise, 2010). Whilst this may be seen as a great advantage, the PET scan is far more dangerous to the human body than any other method of imaging as the gamma rays penetrate structural components of cells and break DNA of biological molecules with the potential to cause mutations and cancer (K. Henderickson, 2014). CT scans can only image half the aspects of the human anatomy as the PET scan yet only project three...
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...Responding positively to a changing environment An AGFA case study Agfa is a leading name in the imaging industry. The Agfa-Gevaert Group develops, produces and distributes an extensive range of analogue and digital imaging systems. Agfa has divided its operations into three segments. Segment: Consumer imaging. Activity/Products: Wide range of products using both digital and analogue technologies for taking, processing and manipulating photographs. Segment: Graphic systems. Activity/Products: A wide range of electronic and photographic systems for the graphics industry, including workflow management systems, scanners and laser image setters. Segment: Technical imaging. Activity/Products: Medical uses eg X-ray equipment; non-destructive fault-testing eg in aircraft and pipelines; industrial imaging for motion pictures; document management systems and micrographics. Agfa’s operations involve a high level of innovation. The company’s willingness and ability to work at the leading edge of technology help to make it a leader in its field. For Agfa to remain a market leader, its managers must concern themselves with the future and ask themselves: Where is the industry heading? What are our competitors likely to do next? Where do we go from here? With imaging, the answers currently are: The industry is heading towards greater use of digital imaging. Our competitors will invest in research and development aimed at enhancing quality at affordable prices...
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...Alzheimer’s Disease is an irreversible, degenerative brain disease that is marked by the build up of plaque and tangles in the neurons of Alzheimer’s patients, which induce memory loss and inhibit mental functions. Estimates vary, but experts believe as many as 5.1 million Americans are currently suffering from Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer’s Fact Sheet). Although there is no cure for the disease, early detection of Alzheimer’s is crucial because it allows the patient to immediately begin a drug regimen that slows the process of the disease. In modern medicine, two types of PET imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose and amyloid, are the most effective methods of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease. The degenerative aspect of Alzheimer’s is caused by plaque and tangles in the nerve cells of the brain. Abnormal clusters of protein fragments called beta amyloid accumulate in the synaptic gap between neurons and block cell-to-cell signaling (Alzheimer’s Association). This build up of plaque may also activate an autoimmune response, which kills the deactivated cells (Medicine Net). Simultaneously, tangles in a protein called tau destroy a vital nerve cell transport system. Healthy transport systems are kept orderly and parallel by tau (Alzheimer’s Association). In Alzheimer’s patients, however, tau collapses in to twisted strands called tangles. The transport system can no longer stay parallel, which causes it to disintegrate. Key materials like food molecules and cell parts can no longer move through...
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