...Women’s Roles in the Nineteenth Century: Invisibility and Visibility In nineteenth century, women in the United States were expected to fill the separate sphere of civilization. They were most likely living their lives mainly as caregivers and homemakers, whereas men were expected to live a public life and work in a factory and became a primary breadwinner in a household. Due to these traditional expectations for women in the nineteenth century, only a handful of women had the opportunities for higher education as men. Women had fought for equal rights and opportunities with men throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century. It had been long journey and a painful struggle for the females. Some groups often seen educated women as rebellious...
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...In nineteenth-century Russia, the woman question emerged as a prevalent topic for debate. It questioned women’s gender roles within society. The increase in women’s agency within the public sphere during the eighteenth century, brought on by Peter the Great’s reforms, changes in property laws, salon culture, and charity, engendered the woman question in the nineteenth century and influenced responses to it. Four responses to the woman question emerged: the feminist response, the nihilist response, the radical response, and the reactionary right response. Each of these responses reacted to or built upon preceding responses, each broadening the scope of the next. The feminists drew on eighteenth-century charity to shape its response that women’s...
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...Humanities 332: American Humanities Fall 2015 Professor Kim Codella PhD. Office Phone 916-691-7633 Office SOC #128 Office Hours MW 4:30PM-5:30PM TTH 4-5:30PM, online 11-12 pm Friday. codellk@crc.losrios.edu Required Text. The House made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday. This book is available in the bookstore for you and there is also a copy in the library for your use. In addition there will be weekly online readings in D2L. You must do the required reading to pass the class. Students must attend lectures and take notes. Participation, i.e., your attention is required. Course description: This course examines the arts and ideas taken from the American experience in the 20th century and today. Material covered includes literature, art, music, philosophy and history of the twentieth century. The course draws upon the arts of African American, Native American, Asian American, Anglo and Latino cultures as avenues for understanding issues of ethnicity, class and gender as they intersect with mainstream American values. Course presentation: Lecture, discussion, audio-visual materials and readings from the text, online, and material to be supplied by the instructor. In addition an extra-credit will be offered. Attendance: Required, a student missing more than 5.4 class hours may be dropped from the course (this is four class sessions). Because of the recent budget situation instructors are encouraged to drop students who are not attending class. Basic Rules: Woody...
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...What did the historian Frederick Jackson Turner argue about the importance of the western frontier in American history in 1893? a. The western frontier made the United States different from Europe. Correct Why did the U.S. government decide to move Indians to reservations around the mid nineteenth century? c. The government's policy of pushing the Indians further west to make way for white settlement no longer worked because there was no land left to push the Indians further west. Correct Why did the Indians sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which ceded some of their land to allow passage of wagon trains? d. They hoped to preserve their culture and way of life in the face of white settlement of the West. Correct What was the Comstock Load? b. The richest vein of silver ore found on the North American continent. Correct Which is the largest ethnic group in the western mining district of the U. S. in the late nineteenth century? a. Chinese Correct The Chinese men were hard workers but anti-Chinese prejudice barred them from work in which jobs? b. Mining jobs Correct What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? c. To limit and decrease the number of Chinese immigrants to the United States. Correct Which two factors helped stimulate the land rush in the trans-Mississippi West? c. The Homestead Act of 1862 and he building of the transcontinental from the Mississippi River to the California coast. Correct What did the Homestead Act of 1862...
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...Missouri in the late 1850’s, Kate Chopin knew what it felt like to be discriminated against. St. Louis was a city widely recognized as a prejudice state during the late nineteenth century (Chopin 651). The city was also known for being the sight of the Dread Scott trial. Kate Chopin experienced “many acts of injustice at an early age and she was conformed into being a stereotype of the structure” (Chopin 654). Another impediment that Kate Chopin overcame was not having a male figure in the household. She lost her father at the age of six in a train accident and her brother George died after being imprisoned (Chopin 646). Instead of looking at her past as being harmful, she used the negativity and channeled the energy into writing award- winning novels and stories. By being a feminist writer, Chopin uses realism and writes stories that characterize her childhood and life experiences. Kate Chopin’s, “The Story of an Hour” explores the negative views of marriage injustices by being under a man’s control during the latter-part of the nineteenth century in America. The historical context of Chopin’s, “The Story of an Hour” really describes why this story is written. Chopin constructed this piece of literature during the late Romantic Period, which encompasses the years of 1850-1890. Throughout this time, the United States had recovered from an era in which many cultural and social questions engaged Americans' minds (Welter 381). African-American’s left their roles of enslavement and...
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...During the nineteenth century, many restrictions and limitations were place on women in society. Marital roles, social roles, and work roles were very different for women during the nineteenth century than they are today (Hartman, 1999). Henrik Isben’s playwright, “A Doll House”, actively voices women rights many years ago. The marital life Nora Helmer is portrayed throughout the play, conveying subordination, condemnation, sacrifice, and inequality that women felt from men in the roles that they were expected to accept and play in a very conventional society. During the 19th century, men were thought to be superior, while women as inferior beings (Barksdale, 2012). Nora Helmer The plays main character, Nora Helmer depicts women behavior during the nineteenth century. In the beginning of the play Nora seems to portray to the image of most women during her time. She is very submissive and obedient to her husband, Torvald. Nora leads a double life in the play as a sheltered wife of an attorney and an independent risk taker, At first, Nora seems happy and affectionately responds to Torvalds’s teasing. However, this is just an act of Nora Helmer that we all later discovered. During the nineteenth century, women could not conduct business affairs and had no control over family finances (Hartman, 1999). Permission to do so was sought from the husband before doing such acts. Nora, “the little featherbrain”, a nickname given by her Torvald was just the opposite of that (Isben...
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...Jane Smith Dr. Sission History 2020 7 March 2010 Role of Women in the Family Throughout history women did not have equal right or opportunities like man. Being a wife and mother was regarded as the main priority of a women’s life. Even women’s education was secondary to a man because mothers only taught their daughters to cook, clean, and take care of their children to prepare them for married life. Women was regarded as the weaker sex because they were easily offend, unable to perform work requiring muscular or intellectual development because women are consider inferior to men; I guess giving birth to a child and house work is not consider to be hard labor. However, with all that said women roles in society began to change during the eighteenth and nineteenth century when women began to work outside the home during war time. In the late eighteenth and nineteenth century women’s rights began to take center stage in the United States because women wanted the same rights as men’s. They also began to challenge laws that denied them the same rights under the law as men such as the right to hold on to their property once they were married to hold government offices, equal pay, and the right to vote and many others. During the 19th century women began to campaign for the right to vote in the form of the Women’s’ Suffrage Legislations which is the nineteenth amendment in the constitution that granted women the right to vote because at the time only white males could vote. However...
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...Women’s Empowerment in Beloved and “The Yellow Wallpaper” Women today are still facing the same types of oppression that they did in the nineteenth century. However, the oppression that women faced two centuries ago was by far worse than it is currently. “The Yellow Wallpaper” written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the late nineteenth century speaks to women because of the oppression and unequal treatment the heroines received. The story also shows that women no matter race were oppressed. Beloved, written by Toni Morrison in the late twentieth century, is a neo slave narrative that discusses a woman who ran away from slavery. The novel’s present takes place soon after the thirteenth amendment was passed. As a piece of historical fiction, Beloved shares several themes such as women’s empowerment with “The Yellow Wallpaper” and displays the white male’s dominance over women and its detrimental impact on their mental state. Jane, the protagonist in “The Yellow Wallpaper,” conveys to readers her oppression due to being a female. Since her husband will not let her express her ideas openly, writing in her diary is Jane’s only...
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...The aim of this research is to understand women’s sports today, the relationship between sports the body and personal identity. There has been much attention given to the role of sports in the lives of men than to the importance of sports to women. The twentieth century saw a massive change in women’s involvement in sport and exercise. When women first began to take part in activities, they had nothing to wear. Clothing had been divided into menswear and womenswear. Men and women dressed appropriately for their sex. In ancient times and the late nineteenth and early twentieth century sport took place in the public sphere and in public women were expected to wear the fashion of the time. Women’s clothing for sport was by definition clothing for interaction with men....
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...femininity, can be trailed back to the beginning of modern science and the commencement of the Royal Society in the seventeenth century. Then ‘femininity’ became the exact opposite of the new, masculine, experimental science of Newton and his colleagues who needed to break from the passive, reflective analytical style of outdated ‘natural philosophy’, the former word for science. (Schiebinger, 1996). This divide that detached women from the new experimental science, was made a lot wider by the Nature’s tradition being embodied in female form only. The masculine scientists made ‘mother nature’ their goal of research, and branded her as a female muse who could trick them, but if trained would also permit them to ‘enter her secrets’. This entire trap cast femininity as the inactive, topic of investigation and the male as the virile, enthusiastic investigator; a dualism that just increased the difference between science and femininity (Jordanova, 1991). Regardless of this, there existed women scientists— botanists, mathematicians, astronomers chemists and more—who took part in science in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Actually, Ann Whitfield, who wrote on the outcomes of a thunderstorm in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, in 1760 was the first female to have published an article to the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions. In the end of the eighteenth century, Caroline Herschel, an astronomer,...
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...Feminism in Canada has been shifting, reforming and reinventing itself since its inception in the late nineteenth century in an effort to bring a genuine sense of equality to both men and women across the country. Though feminism takes many different forms – classical feminism, liberal feminism, post-modern feminism etc. – each definition maintains commonalities which attempt to shed light on issues related specifically to the historical disadvantages of women and the goal of egalitarianism. In Canada, feminism has unfolded in three distinct stages often referred to as the three waves of feminism: (i) the first wave started in the late nineteenth century characterized by basic demands for equality via suffrage and recognition as persons; (ii) the second wave originated during World War II taking a more proactive approach to women’s workforce and reproductive rights; and (iii) the third wave began in the 1990’s challenging broader issues of equality such as racism, capitalism and colonialism. The following essay will analyse each wave based on their chronological time frame, ideological foundation and the social movements which emerged as a by product. First wave feminism started the general movement and, even though its goals and fundamental ideology may seem drastically different from second and third wave feminism, it should be credited with forming the foundation in which the fight for gender equality originated. First wave feminists were primarily driven by maternal feminism...
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...Making the Grade There is an old adage, “You can please some of the people all of the time but you can’t please all of the people all of the time.” (John Lydgate) All of us have a desire to please others, especially those closest to us. Some have that desire so ingrained in us that we lose our identity as a human being Linda Pastan was a woman very much of the women’s movement. The late 1970’s saw the role of women finally starting to change so that women could now work outside the home. Women were given what they wanted for a very long time except for the respect that they deserved. The mid-nineteenth century saw the women’s movement begin with the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, which after two days...
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...The role of women in Canadian society has changed dramatically over the past two centuries. These roles, which had been defined in various cultures for centuries, were based both on natural instinct and on necessity. When Canada was first settled, it was natural for immigrants to maintain traditional roles for men and women. By the eighteenth century, these distinct roles were strongly established in Canadian society. During the nineteenth century, views on women’s role began to change, as urbanization and industrialization progressed. These changes reflected the many social, political, economic and technological changes that were occurring at that time. Aware of the many inequalities in society, some women began to challenge the existing conditions and questioned the definition of a “proper woman”. In “The Cult of True Womanhood”, Barbara Welter explains that the virtues by which a woman judged herself and was judged by society were piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. These were the standards of True Womanhood in Victorian Canada.1 Fortunately, social reformers eventually challenged the alleged status quo of Canadian women. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Church, the medical profession and the arts all tried desperately to maintain women’s sexual passivity in Canadian society. During the Victorian era, sexual passivity was seen as both natural and necessary for women. In fact, the Canadian society was based on the ideology that it was natural...
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...Lindsay Williams Literary Histories The Victorian novel Comparison of critical sources. Ann Bronte the Tenant of Wildfell Hall APR0055-1516 Tutor: Merrick Burrows 27.11.2015 This essay seeks to discuss, compare and contrast two preferred sources that carried out a critique of Ann Bronte’s, the tenant of wildfell hall. In order to compile a factually based discussion, a key area needed to be focused on, namely, how social changes affected the gender roles in the early 18th century (1832-48). Furthermore detailing how the change challenged traditions and ideologies of the then rather prominent English common law, and the normative principle’s that surrounded motherhood. The Critical sources that bear the utmost relevance to the challenging social content that the tenant demonstrated are Monica Hope Lee’s essay a mother outlaw vindicated: social critique in Ann Bronte’s the tenant of wildfell hall. Nineteenth century gender studies. (4.3), 1-12. And chapter 2 from, Macdonald, T (2015) the new man, masculinity and marriage in the Victorian novel. London: Routledge. Both critics, attempt to dichotomise the tenant of wildfell hall in order to get representative discourse that outlines the social changes in question, moreover they seek to disclose how Bronte summarises her own personal perception of gender ideals in the regency culture, and how she displays openness and vision, as opposed to becoming a shrinking wall flower hidden in the shadows of sporadic sunlight...
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...Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution of heretics increase during the high and later Middle Ages? You may focus on the persecution of one heretical group if you wish. R.I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society; Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy; Gordon Leff, Heresy...
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