The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was passed by the 107th Congress on July 30, 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley, 2002) to provide protection to investors and shareholders as a result of fraudulent activities by some U.S. Corporations such as Enron, Tyco, WorldCom, and Adelphia, as well as other public companies (Jennings, 2012; Scott & Nganje, 2011). SOX introduced major regulatory changes which affect financial practice and corporate governance; and compliance is mandatory for ALL organizations (Guide
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of high profile corporate scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom, the Congress of the United States passed this legislation “to improve and maintain investor confidence. The law requires companies to have more independent board directors (not just company insiders), to adhere strictly to accounting rules, and to have senior managers personally sign off on financial results.” (Bateman, 173). Before the fall of corporations like Enron and WorldCom, there was also far too much corporate fraud during the
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connection with federal securities laws which promotes investor protection. Background of PCAOB Congress created the PCAOB in the wake of Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, and a series of other financial reporting scandals that rocked the securities markets and shook investor confidence. The birth of the Board signaled the end of voluntary self-regulation of the auditing profession and the beginning of compulsory, independent oversight. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act charges the Board with overseeing the audits of public
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Congress presented the act to the president on July 26, 2002, after passage in the Senate by a 99-0 vote and in the House by a 423-3 margin” (The sarbanes-oxley act). A new federal law was passed in reaction to corporate scandals such as the Enron, WorldCom, Tyco cases. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act puts extreme pressure on companies accounting practices and annual reports. Simply put, the act was created to protect investors from corporate corruption, and accounting misconduct. This act also created a new
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created the need for a specialist in various business controls: the internal auditor. We can understand better the nature of internal auditing today if we know something about the changing conditions in the past and the different needs these changes created. What is the earliest form of internal auditing and how did it come into existence? How has internal auditing responded to changing needs? As the operations of an organisation become more voluminous and complex, it is no longer practicable
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and early 2000s there were a lot of companies in the USA that were involved with fraudulent activities. These are companies that were trusted by both the public and their investors. Just to mention a few of these companies like Stanford financial, WorldCom, Enron, Tyco and Madoff that intentionally and fraudulently misled their shareholders and the public. The US congress in an effort to curtail the financial scandals, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted in 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act was enacted
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post-Enron era through the implementation of financial statement insurance. This paper gives a brief history of the purpose of financial statements as well as the importance of external auditing of financial statements. It gives examples of the corporate governance failures of companies like Enron and WorldCom. It covers how and why these failures happened and reviews the grave consequences of the failures. It also takes a brief look at the laws that have been passed to prevent future failures
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act Sarbanes-Oxley is a United States federal law, which is also known as the public company accounting reform and investors protection act and corporate and auditing accountability and responsibility act. Sarbox or Sox are shorter names given to the company. Paul Sarbanes (US Senator) and Michael G. Oxley (US Representative) are the ones who support this act. This act is intended to protect investors by improving the precision and consistency of corporate disclosures made pursuant
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Abstract This research paper explores the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the role Enron played in its enactment. Specifically, this paper will explore and discuss the Enron crisis, emphasizing the legal and ethical accounting breaches committed by the company. The purpose of SOX and the methods used to address those breaches. A discussion of the major provisions of the act including: (1) Establishment of the Oversight Board commonly referred to as the Public Company Accounting
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("Fcpa"). Unfortunately, the improvement in internal control systems was not enough to prevent added problems. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the media was full of news of accounting frauds and problems at companies such as Enron, Xerox, WorldCom, Global Crossing, and others. While Enron made $62 billion in assets, declared bankruptcy (Romney, Steinbart 201-202). In response to these problems, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). SOX was intended to prevent financial
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